PLANTS AND ANIMALS. 1. What is the estimated number of species of plants on the globe? P. 178. 2. What is said of the native region of plants? P. 178. 3. Of the distribution of plants? P. 178. 4. What are most important influences effecting vegetation? 5. What is said of the vegetation of the Torrid Zone? P. 178. 6. Of the Temperate Zone? Frigid Zone? P. 178. 7. What can you say of local and restricted botanical regions? P. 178. 8. How are Animals adapted to different climates? P. 179. 9. What is said of the clothing of animals of different zones? P. 179. 10. What animals does the Torrid Zone contain? P. 179. 11. What kind of birds? Where are the coral tribes found? P. 179. 12. What classes of animals belong to the different zones? P. 179. 13. What is said of animals peculiar to particular regions? P. 179. 14. How does Physical Geography differ from Political Geography? P. 179. 15. Draw a new map of the U. S. with Isothermal Lines. NOTE.-I could have multiplied these questions four fold: but perhaps the answers given would not have developed more principles than clear answers to the comprehensive ques tions already proposed. CHAPTER V. PENMANSHIP. REMARK. The law requires that candidates for teaching shall be exam. ined in Penmanship. Yet with few exceptions little or no attention is given to the subject; as a result, poor penmanship is generally found in all our schools. Good penmanship is an exception, unless a teacher has been employed especially for that branch. This is wholly unnecessary. The following references to questions on penmanship are to the "MANUAL OF PENMANSHIP," by Payson, Dunton, Scribner & Hays. Authors of the COMBINED SYSTEM OF PENMANSHIP. P. stands for the page of the Manual. 1. What is Penmanship? ANS-The art of writing. 2. What may reasonably be expected from the school course writing? P. 19. 3. Which should be taught first, knowledge of forms, or command of the pen? P. 21. 4. Can a bad writer teach penmanship successfully? P. 23. 5. Mention all the requisites for an exercise in writing. P. 25. 6. How many are there in all? 7. What is said about "Script and Print?" P. 37. 8. Why should one differ in form from the other? 9. What can you say about Lines and Angles? P. 42. 10. What degrees should the Angles be? P. 45. 11. What can you say of the Position? Rests and Movements? P. 46. 12. What can you say of the Elements and Principles? P.57. 13. What is the first Element? P. 60. P. 60. P. 60. 14. What is the second Element? 15. Describe the third Element. Fourth. Fifth. P. 60. 16. How many principles from the five Elements? P. 60. 17. The main lines have a slope of how many degrees? 18. The connecting lines how many degrees? P. 60. 19. How many Elements are there in the First Principle? P. 60. 20. How many Elements form the Second Principle? 21. How many form the Third Principle? P. 61. 22. How many form the Fourth Principle? P. 61. 23. How many form the Fifth Principle? P. 62. 24. Explain the Sixth Principle. P. 61. 25. What Elements are there in the letter O? (Sec elements Plate.) 26. What is said about the Scale of Length? P. 63. 27. Give the rule for Scale of Length. P. 63. 28. Give the rules for small letters. P. 65, 66. 31. Describe the principles found in the Capitals. P. 76. 33. Give the caution mentioned on pages 79 and 80. 34. What is said about the classes of small letters? P. 87. 35. What letters belong to the First Class? P. 87. 36. To the Second Class, Third Class and Fourth Class? P. 87. 37. What are the characteristics of the letters? P. 88. 38. What is said about the order in which the small letters are introduced? P. 88. 39. Describe the combination of letters, and give the rules. P. 94. 40. Give and explain the Schedule of Topics and Course of instruction as found on pages 104 and 105. Explain topics on page 146. Mention anything else important in teaching penmanship. CHAPTER VI. BOOK-KEEPING. Although the Law does not demand that a candidate shall be examined in Book-Keeping, yet that is no reason why the teacher should not be qualified to teach that which all the youth of the land are going forth to practice. A few questions are therefore given on this important branch. The following references in the questions on Book-Keeping are to “BRYANT & STRATTON'S NATIONAL BOOK-KEEPING," "High School Edition," The best work published on the subject. P. stands for page. 1. What is Book-Keeping? In what does business consist? P. 11. 2. How many methods of Book-Keeping are there, and how distinguished? P. 11. 3. Which is the better method, and for what reason? P. 11. 4. What is the characteristic feature of Double Entry? P.11. 5. Why must each Transaction be entered twice on the Ledger? P. 11. 6. What are the three main books in Double Entry? P. 11. 7. Which two are sometimes combined in one? P. 11. 8. Describe the Day Book. What should be the character of its expression? P. 11. 9. Why is the Day Book alone produced in Courts? P. 11. 10. What other importance has it? Describe the Ledger. P. 12. 11. What is the character of the Ledger? P. 12. What is an account? P. 12. 12. Which is the Debit and which the Credit side of an account? P. 12. 13. What is a Resource? Liability? Cash Term? P. 14. 14. For what is cash Account Debited? Credited? P. 14. 15. What is shown by the difference between the sides? P. 14. 16. Which side of a Cash account must be the greatest, and why? P. 14. 17. What is meant by Bills Receivable? Payable? P. 14. 18. For what is Bills Receivable Account Debited? P. 14. Credited? 19. For what is Bills Payable Account Debited? Credited? P. 14. 20. What is shown by the difference? P. 14. 21. What is a Merchandise Account? Credited? P. 14. With what Debited? 22. What is Real Estate? How is the Account kept? P. 15. 23. Wherein are Accounts with Bank Stock, Railroad Stock, &c., similar to Merchandise? P. 15. 24. What are Personal accounts? With what debited? Credited? P. 15. 25. What is meant by Shipment or Adventure? How do they differ from Merchandise? What is meant by the term Stock? P. 15. 26. What do Stock Accounts show? Explain the manner of keeping Stock Accounts. P. 16, and FORMULA (P. 17.) State the six general principles in keeping accounts. P. 16. 27. What should the pupil keep in view when Journalizing? P. 20. 28. What is Posting? Why is it necessary to observe care in Posting? P. 20. 29. When should the Check Mark (√) be made in the Day Book, and where? P. 20. 30. Why is a Trial Balance so called? P. 27. 31. Can a correct Trial Balance be had which will contain simply the Balance of the Ledger Account? P. 28. 28. 32. What will a Ledger properly kept show at any time? P. 33. What kind of Resources can not be shown from the Ledger? P. 28. 34. How many classes of Accounts are there? P. 29. 35. What Accounts are called Real? What Representative? P. 29. 36. For what purpose is Stock Opened? P. 32. 37. What is the chief difficulty with pupils in closing the Ledger? P. 33. 38. Describe the manner of closing the Ledger in regular steps. P. 34. 39. Define Cash Book. Bill Book. Commission Ledger Book. Invoice Book. Describe the form of Notes, Drafts, &c. 40. State any other principle in Book-Keeping not implied in the foregoing questions. CHAPTER VII. GRAMMAR. REMARK.—Many candidates can recite the Grammar from beginning to end, yet in the application of the principles in analyzing language, they fail sadly. Again those who are able to tell the part of speech readily in the sentences taken from the Grammar, still make many bad mistakes in general analysis. It is of the highest importance, therefore, that every candidate should so thoroughly qualify himself in the principles of the science, that he may be able to judge of the part of speech from the OFFICE the word performs in the sentence. Every good student of Grammar knows that the SAME WORD varies its part of speech as it varies its office in different senten ces. NOTE. The following references in the questions on Grammar are to Clark's English Grammar, Revised Edition. Def. stands for definition. Obs. for observation. Rem. for remark. Pr. for principle. R. for rule. Ex. for example. P. for page. LANGUAGE. 1. What is Language? Def. 1. |