different times of the year? What law has been observed with regard to these distances, and by whom (first)? What important conclusion has since been drawn from it? Section 4. 1. The moon presents always the same face to us; what important conclusion can be drawn from this fact; and how? 2. What is known of the distances of the fixed stars? What is meant by multiple stars, and what by nebula? Have any changes in the appearances of the stars been observed, or of their positions in space? 3. Explain fully how the time may be determined, in a given latitude, by the observed altitude of a star not on the meridian. NAVIGATION AND NAUTICAL ASTRONOMY. Section 1. 1. Explain what is meant by middle latitude sailing, and show that Diff Lat. Diff. Long. :: Cos. Mid. Lat. : Tan. Course. 2. Explain what is meant by the meridional difference in Mercator's sailing, and show that if M be the meridional difference of latitude, L the difference of longitude, and C the course, then Tan C = L 3. Investigate a rule for determining the course in great circle sailing. Section 2. 1. Prove the rule by which the latitude is determined from an observed meridional altitude of the sun or a star; and find the latitude of a place where the true meridional altitude of the sun's centre was found to be 39° 49′ 13' towards the south at a time when his true declination was 10° 13′ 39′′ N. 2. Explain fully the steps by which mean time is deduced from apparent time. 3. Investigate a formula for determining the latitude from an observed altitude of the sun (not on the meridian), the apparent time being given. Section 3. 1. What corrections must be applied to an observed altitude of the moon to determine its true altitude; and whence do they severally arise? 2. Explain fully the method by which the longitude is determined by means of the chronometer. 3. Explain fully the method of determining the time by lunar observation, and investigate a formula for clearing the moon's distance. INDUSTRIAL MECHANICS. Section 1. 1. Define the unit of work, and show that where a pressure of m lbs. is exerted through n feet, the number of units of work done is m × n. 2. Show that the work done, where material is raised from one position into another, is equal to the product of its weight by the height through which its centre of gravity is raised. 3. State generally the principle of the equality of moments, and prove it in its application to the lever. Section 2. 1. 2900 units of work are expended in cutting every square foot of oak planking. In what time will a 5-horse power engine cut 300 planks, each 20 ft. long by 1 ft. 6 in. broad? 2. What is the cost of excavating 40,000 cubic feet of earth, and trans porting it to a mean horizontal distance of 700 feet; allowing three pickmen to every two shovellers, and to each workman 2s. 6d. per day? 3. An engine of 5-horse power raises 30 cwt. of coals per hour from a pit whose depth is 240 fathoms, and at the same time gives motion to a forge hammer which makes 25 lifts per minute, each lift being three feet; it is required to determine the weight of the hammer. 4. Two men undertake to dig a drain 500 feet long, and to carry the material in barrows to a heap at the end of it. Into what two parts must they divide the work, so that one-half of the labour may fall to the share of each? Section 3. 1. Describe the safety-valve of a steam-engine, and show how the lever may be graduated. 2. The feet of two of the principal rafters of a roof are tied by an iron rod; explain generally how the strain produced upon this rod by a given weight suspended from the point where the rafters meet, may be determined. 3. When a body is made to slide along a horizontal plane subject to friction, by a force inclined to the horizon at any given angle, determine generally the traction, and find the direction of least traction. Section 4. 1. Describe the common suction-pump, and explain fully the principle on which water is raised by means of it. 2. To what depth would an iron barge, 40 feet long, 10 feet wide, and 6 feet high sink, when loaded with 30 tons, each square foot of the sheet iron of which it is made, weighing 10 lbs. 3. Show generally how the conditions of the stability of the wall of a reservoir may be determined. PHYSICAL SCIENCE. Section 1. 1. How do you account for the ascent of a balloon? 2. Do you see any relation between the temperature at which water boils and the height of the barometer? Has any useful application been made of the principle on which this relation depends? 3. What is meant by the perfect elasticity of air? Is there any relation between the spaces a given quantity of air is made to occupy at different temperatures, and those temperatures, the pressure being supposed constant ? Section 2. 1. How do you account for the ascent of the air in a chimney? 2. What experiments illustrate the different conducting powers with respect to heat, of different substances? What are the properties of liquids in respect to conduction? By what means is it that they become heated? 3. By what means may artificial cold be produced? and on what principle does the result depend? 4. What are the properties of heat in respect to radiation, and what experiments serve to illustrate them? Section 3. 1. What laws do the reflection and refraction of light follow? 2. On what principle is it that the different coloured rays which compose white light may be separated by a prism. 3. Describe some of the processes of photography. 4. Investigate a general expression for determining the principal focus of a double convex lens. Section 4. 1. Describe any experiments you have seen made with an electrifying machine or a galvanic battery. 2. What is meant by induction in magnetism and what by induction in electricity? Give examples of both. 3. On what principle does the construction of the Leyden Jar depend, and the electrophorus ? 4. Describe and explain the construction of the electro-magnet and the galvanoscope. Section 5. 1. What is the chemical constitution of the air? In what way is it connected with the support of animal and vegetable life? 2. In what different forms does carbon exist? What are its combinations with oxygen? How may they be obtained? 3. Explain what is meant by the law of multiple proportions in chemistry. Section 6. 1. Explain fully the process by which soils are formed from rocks. 2. For what reasons do nitrate of soda, nitrate of potash, lime, blood, woollen shreds, and hair operate as manures? 3. Explain the process of malting. Why does the addition of an acid separate the curds from milk, and how may they be dissolved again in it? Describe the preparation of the rennet and explain its action. 4. What is the chemical constitution of the muscular portion, and what of the fatty matter, in animal substances, and what relations have these to the respiration of animals and their food? VOCAL MUSIC. 1 Explain the difference between melody and harmony. 2. Explain the reason for the use of different clefs; and give examples of their application. 3. Represent the following passage in the treble clef #c Section 2. 1. Explain the nature of the diatonic scale in the major and minor modes. 2. Write out the major scales of Re (D)—Mi (E)—Lab (Ab) and Sol (G), and show what are their relative minors. 3. What remarks have you to make upon this as a minor strain— Palestrina. Section 3. 1. What kinds of time are most used in music? Give examples of six kinds. 2. Explain what is meant by accent and syncopation-and show the principle upon which the different compound times are deduced from the simple. 3. Write some short passages of music in common-triple-compoundcommon--and compound-triple time-with the bass notes added. Section 4. 1. To what scale does the following passage belong? and what distinction is there between the two middle notes? 2. What is meant by a perfect, an augmented, and a diminished interval? Give examples with the 5th. 3. What do the second, the third, the fourth, the fifth, the sixth, and the seventh become, when inverted? Section 5. 1. Put chords to the following bass: explain the principle on which it is done; and show which figures might be omitted. 2. Add one or more parts to the following subject in figured counter-point. 3:3 Ꮎ 9 GENERAL EXAMINATION OF SCHOOLMISTRESSES. EASTER, 1849. On the following subjects the Papers set to the Schoolmistresses were precisely similar to those used in the General Examination of the Schoolmasters at Easter, 1849, viz. : SCRIPTURE HISTORY. LITURGY AND CHURCH HISTORY. ENGLISH HISTORY. GEOGRAPHY. ENGLISH GRAMMAR. ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE. MODERN LANGUAGES-FRENCH AND GERMAN. SCHOOL MANAgement and NOTES OF A LESSON. N.B.-Write, at the top of the page, your Name, Age, and the time that you have been the Mistress of an Elementary School, the Name of your School, and of the nearest Post Town. This Examination Paper is divided into Sections. You are not at liberty to answer more than one question in each Section. Your knowledge and merit will be accounted greater if you answer one of the latter Questions in each Section, rather than one of the earlier. The Questions in each Examination Paper are intended to afford you an opportu nity of showing the extent of your knowledge on that subject; and if you are enabled to show a competent knowledge in a fair proportion of the subjects of Examination, the Committee of Council will be disposed to grant you a Certificate of Merit.. BIOGRAPHICAL MEMOIRS. 1. Write a short account of the life of any one of the following persons:Bishop Wilson (Sodor and Man). Sir Matthew Hale. Richard Hooker. Henry Martyn. 2. Write a short account of any one of the following women:— Queen Elizabeth. Grace Darling. Flora M'Ivor. 3. Write an account of any person deceased whom you consider to have been one of the greatest benefactors to the human race within the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. 4. What class of biography should you consider the best to be placed in the hands of young people? and why? 5. Write (as nearly as you can in the words of the original) what is told us in the Bible about Rizpah, the daughter of Ayah. NATURAL HISTORY. Section 1. 1. Point out the respects in which water-fowl are peculiarly fitted for the element in which they find their food. 2. What peculiarity is observable in regard to the colours of the same animals in different climates? 3. Mention the original countries of our domestic fowls, and the dates at which the more modern were introduced into Europe. 1. What are deciduous trees? in England. Section 2. Mention the principal that are to be found 2. What flowers grow most commonly in the woods, and at what times of the year do they flower? 3. Describe the cruciferous order of plants, and their general properties. Mention the best known species, and the characteristics of each. Section 3. 1. What common plants are noted for their medicinal uses? 2. What garden flowers are easily cultivated, at what season should they be put in the ground, and when will they flower? 3. Describe the difference between endogenous and exogenous plants, both in appearance and internal structure. Are these divisions known by any other name? Section 4. 1. What articles of food are principally used by the inhabitants of Lapland? England? Italy? 2. What fish visit the coasts and rivers of England, and at what seasons of the year? 3. Give a brief account of the geographical distribution of animals of prey. DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 1. What vegetables are most useful in a cottager's garden? and at what times of the year should they be planted? 2. How is potato starch made? Is it in all respects equal to the starch commonly sold in the shops? 3. Give a short sketch of the daily duties of a labourer's wife. Section 2. 1. Are copper saucepans liable to any objections? And if so, to what? 2. What puddings are cheapest, most wholesome, and most easily prepared? 3. Calculate the loss to a labourer in the course of a year which would arise from his buying tea and sugar in very small instead of larger quantities. |