OF LAND AND SQUARE MEASURE.

16.5 feet make 1 rod.

8 rods the length.

132.0 feet in length.

66. feet in breadth.

792 .792

8712 square feet to be reduced into square yards. Look at the table: 9 feet 1 yard.

by 9)8712 feet.

968 square yards.

LESSON 8.

A ploughman ploughed a piece of land, 40 poles long and 18 poles wide; what was the area in acres?

Answer, 4.5 or 4 acres. 2 roods.

REMARKS.

The ancient rule was to divide the number of square rods by 160; because 160 square rods or poles make an acre; but the easier method is wrought by chains and links. For, as chains and links are formed on the principle of dollars and cents, all our operations with them are very easy and expeditious.

You will see by the table of Long Measure, 25 links make 1 pole. Four poles or 100 links, 1 chain.

To bring poles into chains.

RULE.

Divide by 4; or, multiply the poles by 25, and divide the product by 100.

Let us attend to Lesson 8. See Card 30.

25x40-1000 square links. 25x18=450 links.

450 links the breadth, x by 1000 links the length, produce 450000 links, the area required.

How shall we reduce these square links into acres?

OF LAND AND SQUARE MEASURE.

RULE.

Divide links by one hundred thousand to make acres, because 100000 square links make 1 acre.

Example A. Card 30.

The above area contains 450000 square links.. Divide 450000 by 100000: The quotient will be 4 acres and 2 roods.

100000)450000(4 acres.

400000

50000 links.

4 roods in an acre.

100000)200000(2 roods or 'an acre.

200000

But here is no need of all this formality with Long Div sion. Begin at the right of links and count off five figures towards the left; there place a separairix: The figures on the left will be acres, and those on the right decimal parts of an acre; as, .5 .25 .4 .75 &c.

These decimal parts may be reduced to roods, that is, quarters of acres, by multiplying by 4, or to perches, by multiplying the second product by 40.

EXAMPLES.

1. B. Take the aforegoing 450000 links. Cut off five decimals on the right 4.50000 then multiply the decimal .50000 by 4: the result will be 4 acres, 2 roods.

2. C. In 4816235 square links, how many acres?

96, because the decimals near the point, are very large ; as,

7 of any thing, is nearly equal to a whole.

OF LAND AND SQUARE MEASURE.

8 D. In 7583100 square links, how many acres?

A. 75.83100

But an easier method still,

is to let the decimals of an

4 roods in an acre. acre remain in their natural state thus, 75.83100, that is, 75 acres and 8 tenths 3 hundredths and 1 thousandth of

R. 3.32400

40

P. 12.96000

Answer, 75 acres, 3 roods, 12 perches, and 96 hundredths of a perch,

an acre; or, 831 thousandths of an acre. See E. on the ||card.

Chains and Links.

Under Lesson 11, in Long Measure, we had a promise of attending more particularly to chains and links....

4

· Reduce the following sums of links to chains, by the shortest method.

RULE.

Point off the two right hand figures; those on the left are chains: the right are links.

A farmer has a piece of wood land, 120 poles in length, and 59 poles in breadth; how many acres does it contain? Answer, 44 acres 25 hundredths of an acre.

25×59=1475 links. 25x120 3000 links.

Point off two figures on the right, the left will be chains. Ch. L.

1475 links 14.75 breadth.

3000 links=30.00 length.

Chains and links multiplied together, produce links.

OF LAND AND SQUARE MEASURE.

Multiply the breadth by the length, the product will be 4425000 square links.

Point off five places to the right, the left will be acres: the right will be decimals of an acre, viz: .25 hundredths.

Reduce .25 of an acre to its proper quantity or integral value by Lesson 7, in Decimals.

.25

4 roods in an acre.

Answer, 1.00 rood.

LESSON 10.

A grazier has a piece of grazing land 103 poles lengthwise north and south, and 80 poles east and west; he designs 11 acres on the south part for sheep, 8 acres for cows adjoining north of the sheep, and the residue of the tract for fattening oxen: how far north from the south end, shall the lines of partition be drawn; and what number of acres will remain for oxen?

Answer, the line between the sheep and cows must be 5 ch. 50 L. north from the south end of the tract, the line between the cows and oxen must be 4 ch. north from the allotment for sheep, and the reservation for oxen will contain 32.5 acres.

OF LAND AND SQUARE MEASURE.

DIRECTIONS.

1. Reduce the 11 acres into links, by annexing five ciphers, for a dividend.

2. Reduce the south line into links for a divisor; the quotient will be the breadth of the first allotment north and south.

11 acres for sheep = 1100000 links, dividend 80 poles x 25 2000 links for a divisor.

=

2000)1100000(550 links for the breadth of first allotment.

3. Reduce 8 acres into links for the second allotment for a dividend, and divide by the former divisor; the quotient will be the breadth of the allotment for cows.

8 acres 800000 links.

2000)800000(400 links for second allotment.

8000

...00

4. Subtract the sum of the two allotments from the contents of the whole tract, the remainder will be the number of acres for oxen.

CONTENTS OF THE WHOLE.

103 poles × 25 = 2575 links north and south. 80 poles x 25=2000 links east and west.

2575 links.
2000

51.50000

This makes 51.5 acres for the whole tract.

11 acres for sheep + 8 acres for cows 19 acres.