2. Twenty dollars and four cents, five dollars and three mills, eighty-two cents, six dollars and five mills. Ans. 31 dols 86 cts. 8 m. 3. Seventy dollars, three dollars and three cents, thirtyfour cents and four mills, eighty dollars and a half, six dollars and a quarter. Ans. 160 dols. 12 cts. 4 mills. 4. Ten pounds and three pence, forty-five shillings and ten pence half-penny, thirty-seven shillings and four pence three farthings, nine pounds and three farthings, one shilling and six pence farthing, eighty-two shillings and four pence half-penny. Ans. £27 78. 5 d. 5. Thirty dollars six cents and a half, fifty-three cents and three-quarters, eleven cents and a quarter, nine dollars eleven cents and a half, fifty-four cents. Ans. 40 dols. 37 cents. 6. Take three shillings and four pence from one pound two shillings and a penny. Ans 18s. 9d. 7. From £5 2s. 1d. take nine shillings and six pence half-penny. Ans. £4 12s 61d. 8. Take twenty shillings and three farthings from £8. Ans. £6 198. 111d. 9. From 18 dollars take eight mills. 10. Ans. 17 dols. 99 cts. 2 m. Take 53 dimes from 53 eagles. Ans. 524 dols. 7 dimes or 70 cts. 11. A merchant bought 112 bars of iron, weighing 56 cwt. 1 qr. 11lb. of which he sold 59 bars, weighing 29 cwt. qrs. 21 lb. ; how many bars has he remaining, and what 3 is the weight? Ans. 53 bars, weighing 26 cwt. 1 qr. 18 lb REDUCTION. REDUCTION teacheth to change numbers from one denomination to another, without losing their value. When numbers of a higher denomination are to be reduced to a lower, it is called Reduction Descending, and it is performed by Multiplication. When numbers of a lower denomination are to be brought to a higher denomination, it is called Reduction Ascending, and it is performed by Division. RULE. When the Reduction is Descending, multiply the highest denomination by as many of the next less as make one of the greater, adding to the product the parts of the same name, and so on to the last. When the Reduction is Ascending, divide the given number by as many of that denomination as make one of the next higher, and so on to the denomination required, and the last quotient with the several remainders (if any) will be the answer. The Proof is by reversing the question. FEDERAL MONEY. NOTE. The higher denominations of Federal money are reduced to any lower name by annexing the ciphers in the multiplier to their number. EXAMPLE. How many Dollars, Dimes, Cents and Mills, in 97 Eagles? Reduce the following sums separately into farthings, viz. How many £ in the following sums, viz. 187 farthings 1301 pence 85 pence Farthings. Ans. £ 140774 Ans. £20 4 71 TROY WEIGHT. 1. In 15 lb. Troy, how many grains? Ans. 86400 grs. 2. How many ounces in 5749 dwt.? AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 1. In 19 tons 14 cwt. 2 qrs. 19 lb. 11 oz. 13 drs. how many drams? 2. How many cwt. in 9563 lb.? Ans. 11316157 drs. Ans. 85 cwt. 1 qr. 15 lb. 3. In 13 cwt. 3 qrs. 21 lb. how many pounds? WINE MEASURE. Ans. 1561 lb. 1. In 25 tuns of wine, how many pints? Ans. 50400 pts. 2. How many hogsheads in 4935 quarts? Ans. 19 hhds. 36 gals. 3 qts. 3. In 3 hhds. 13 gals. 2 qts. how many half pints? Ans. 3240 half pints. CLOTH MEASURE. 1. In 158 yards, how many nails? 2. How many ells English in 5932 nails? LONG MEASURE. Ans. 2528 nails. Ans. 296 ells 3 qrs. 1. In 29 miles, how many inches? Ans. 1837440 inches. 2. How many furlongs in 19753 yards? Ans. 89 fur. 173 yds. 3. The length of a proposed aqueduct would be in one direction 8 ms. 2 fur. 8 perches, and in another, 7 ms. 2 fur. 20 perches. Required the difference in yards. TIME. Ans. 1683 yards. 1. How many hours in 57 years, allowing each year to be 365 days 6 hours? Ans. 499662 hours. 2. In 51953 hours, how many weeks? Ans. 344 w. 6 da. 17 hr. 3. How many days from the 19th of March to the 23d of September following? Ans. 188 days. LAND MEASURE. 1. In 41 acres 2 roods 14 perches, how many rods? Ans. 6654 rods or perches. 2. How many square rods in 7752 square feet? Ans. 28 rods 129 feet. 3. In 5972 perches, how many acres? Ans. 37 acres 1 rood 12 perches. SOLID MEAsure. 1. In a pile of wood 96 feet long, 5 feet high, and 4 feet wide, how many cords? When grindstones are sold by the cubic foot, the contents are thus found. To the whole diameter add half of it, and multiply the sum of these by the same half, and this product by the thickness; divide this last number by 1728, the in. in a cubic foot, and the quotient is the contents or answer required,-But as this rule is not strictly accurate, and the rue method tedious, they are now generally sold by weight, EXAMPLES. What will a grindstone, weighing 375 lbs. come to at $14 per ton of 2000 lbs.? 375 14 2,000)5,250 2,625 Ans. $2,62 cents. How much will a stone weighing 640 lbs. come to at $14,50 per ton? 640 8960 320 2,000)9,280 4,640 Ans. $4,64 cents. AMERICAN CURRENCIES. The dollar is rated differently in several of the states. This difference is owing to the depreciation of their currencies previous to the revolution. In New England, Virginia, Kentucky, Ten nessee, and Ohio, the dollar is New York and North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland, South Carolina and Georgia, Canada and Nova Scotia, Newfoundland, like Sterling, To change New England and Virginia currency to Federal money, the dollar being 6 shillings. RULE. As the value of a dollar is equal to three tenths of of a pound, when pounds are given to be changed, annex three ciphers to the sum, and divide the whole by 3; the quotient is the answer in cents. |