Appendix I.-GENERAL TABLES OF WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Part 1. TABLES OF UNITED STATES CUSTOMARY WEIGHTS AND MEASURES LINEAR MEASURE 12 inches (in.) = 1 foot (ft) 3 feet 52 yards 40 rods * =1 yard (yd) = 36 inches =1 rod (rd), pole, or perch=161⁄2 feet = 1 statute mile (mi) = 1 760 yards=5 280 feet = 6 076.115 49 feet (1 852 meters) = 1 international nautical mile. The international nautical mile was adopted for use in the United States effective July 1, 1954. The value expressed in feet became effective July 1, 1959. 1 728 cubic inches (cu in.) = 1 cubic foot (cu ft) 1 Squares of units are sometimes abbreviated by using the superior figure 2. ft2 means square foot or feet. For example, 2 Cubes of units are sometimes abbreviated by using the superior figure 3. fts means cubic foot or feet. For example, 153 LIQUID MEASURE 4 gills (gi) = 1 pint (pt [=28.875 cubic inches] =1 quart qt [=57.75 cubic inches] 2 pints 4 quarts =1 gallon (gal) [=231 cubic inches] =8 pints=32 gills APOTHECARIES FLUID MEASURE 60 minims (min or m) = 1 fluid dram (fi dr or f 3) [=0.225 6 cubic inch 8 fluid drams =1 fluid ounce (fi oz or f 3) [=1.804 7 cubic inches] 16 fluid ounces 2 pints 4 quarts =1 pint (pt or O) [=28.875 cubic inches] =128 fluid drams =1 quart (qt) [=57.75 cubic inches]=32 fluid ounces=256 fluid drams 1 gallon (gal) [=231 cubic inches]=128 fluid ounces-1 024 fluid drams DRY MEASURE 2 pints (pt) = 1 quart (qt) [=67.200 6 cubic inches] 8 quarts 4 pecks =1 peck (pk) [=537.605 cubic inches]=16 pints = 1 bushel (bu) (=2 150.42 cubic inches]=32 quarts AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT 5 [The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries weight.] 27122 grains 16 drams 16 ounces 100 pounds = 1 dram (dr) =1 ounce (oz) = 4371⁄2 grains =1 pound (lb) = 256 drams=7 000 grains 20 hundredweights=1 ton (tn) = 2 000 pounds ❝ In "gross" or "long" measure, the following values are recognized: 112 pounds =1 gross or long hundredweight" 20 gross or long hundredweights=1 gross or long ton=2 240 pounds * When necessary to distinguish the liquid pint or quart from the dry pint or quart, the word "liquid" or the abbreviation “liq" should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the name of the liquid unit. When necessary to distinguish the dry pint or quart from the liquid pint or quart, the word "dry" should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the name of the dry unit. When necessary to distinguish the avoirdupois dram from the apothecaries dram or to distinguish the avoirdupois dram or ounce from the fluid dram or ounce, or to distinguish the avoirdupois ounce or pound from the troy or apothecaries ounce or pound, the word "avoirdupois" or the abbreviation "avdp" should be used in combination with the name or abbreviation of the avoirdupois unit. When the terms "hundred weight" and "ton" are used unmodified, they are commonly understood to mean the 100-pound hundred weight and the 2 000-pound ton, respectively; these units may be designated "net" or "short" when necessary to distinguish them from the corresponding units in gross or long measure. TROY WEIGHT [The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries weight.] 24 grains 20 pennyweights=1 ounce troy (oz t)=480 grains 12 ounces, troy =1 pound troy (lb t)=240 pennyweights=5 760 grains APOTHECARIES WEIGHT [The "grain" is the same in avoirdupois, troy, and apothecaries weight.] 20 grains 3 scruples =1 scruple (s ap or ) 1 dram apothecaries (dr ap or 3)=60 grains 8 drams, apothecaries =1 ounce apothecaries (oz ap or 3)=24 scruples=480 grains 12 ounces, apothecaries=1 pound apothecaries (lb ap or lb) = 96 drams apothecaries=288 scruples=5 760 grains Part 2. NOTES ON BRITISH WEIGHTS AND In Great Britain, the yard, the avoirdupois pound, the apothecaries pound, and the troy ounce are now identical for science and industry with the units of the same name in the United States, and are essentially identical for commercial purposes. The use of the troy pound is illegal in Great Britain. The tables of British linear measure, troy weight, and apothecaries weight are the same as the corresponding United States tables, except for the British spelling "drachm" in the table of apothecaries weight. The table of British avoirdupois weight is the same as the United States table up to 1 pound; above that point the table reads: 14 pounds 2 stones 4 quarters = 1 stone =1 quarter=28 pounds =1 hundredweight=112 pounds 20 hundredweight=1 ton=2 240 pounds The present British gallon and bushel, known as the "Imperial gallon" and "Imperial bushel" are, respectively, about 20 percent and 3 percent larger than the United States gallon and bushel. The Imperial gallon is defined as the volume of 10 avoirdupois pounds of water under specified conditions, and the Imperial bushel is defined as 8 Imperial gallons. Also, the subdivision of the Imperial gallon as presented in the table of British apothecaries measure differs in two important respects from the corresponding United States subdivision, in that the Imperial gallon is divided into 160 fluid ounces (whereas the United States gallon is divided into 128 fluid ounces), and a "fluid scruple" is included. The full table of British measures of capacity (which are used alike for liquid and for dry commodities) is as follows: The full table of British apothecaries measure is as follows: 100 square millimeters (mm2)=1 square centimeter (cm2) 10 000 square centimeters 100 square meters 100 ares 100 hectares = 1 square meter (m2) = 1 000 000 square millimeters 1 are (a) 1 hectare (ha) = 10 000 square meters 1 square kilometer (km2)=1.000 000 square meters VOLUME MEASURE 10 milliliters (ml) = 1 centiliter (cl) 10 centiliters 10 deciliters 10 dekaliters = 1 deciliter (dl) = 100 milliliters = 1 hectoliter (hl) = 100 liters 7 The liter is defined as the volume occupied, under standard conditions, by a quantity of pure water having a mass of 1 kilogram. This volume is very nearly equal to 1 000 cubic centimeters or 1 cubic decimeter; the actual metric equivalent is, 1 liter = 1 000.028 cubic centimeters. (The change in this equivalent from the previously published value of 1 000.027 is based on a recomputation of earlier data, carried out at the International Bureau of Weights and Measures.) Thus the milliliter and the liter are larger than the cubic centimeter and the cubic decimeter, respectively, by 28 parts in 1 000 000; except for determinations of high precision, this difference is so small as to be of no consequence. |