When the sun's rays are vertical on the meridian of Washington, find the solar time in the following places : 21. When it is midnight (solar time) on the last day of the year in Boston, how much of the old year (solar time) remains to the people of Honolulu? 22. The first shock of the earthquake at Kingston, Jamaica (long. 76° 47′ W.), Jan. 14, 1907, occurred at 3:25 P.M. What was the solar time at New York? at Cape Town? 23. A ship sets sail from Liverpool for New York, Jan. 10, 1907. When in longitude 34° 6' 10" W. its chronometer reads 2:30 P.M. Jan. 15. Find the difference in the readings between the ship's time and the meridian time of New York. 24. Berlin meridian time is 6 hr. 44 min. and 11 sec. later than Chicago meridian time. Find the longitude of Berlin. 15 times the difference in time expressed in hours, minutes, and seconds corresponds to the difference in longitude expressed in degrees, minutes, and seconds. Therefore, 15 × 6 hr. 44 min. 11 sec. corresponds to 101° 0′ 26′′ of longitude. This difference in longitude would not tell us whether Berlin is east or west of Chicago, but as Berlin has faster time than Chicago, it must be east of it. Chicago is 87° 36′ 42′′ west of the prime meridian. There fore, Berlin must be 13° 23′ 44′′ east of the prime meridian. 25. The "Treaty of Portsmouth" between Japan and Russia was signed at Portsmouth, N. H., Sept. 5, 1905, at 47 minutes past 3 P.M., 75th meridian time. What was the corresponding solar time at St. Petersburg, Russia, 30° 17′ 51" E. and at Tokyo, Japan, 139° 44′ 30′′ E.? Tokyo is east of the 75th meridian 214° 44′ 30′′, therefore its time is 14 hr. 18 min. 58 sec. faster than Portsmouth, which has 75th meridian time. Counting this time forward from 3:47 P.M. Sept. 5, gives 5 minutes and 58 seconds past 6 o'clock A.M. Sept. 6, Tokyo solar time. 26. The President of the United States takes the oath of office at 12 noon, 75th meridian time. Find the solar time and date in each of the following places for the inauguration of March 4, 1909: Honolulu; Berlin; San Francisco; London. International Date Line The nations have agreed upon the 180th meridian, with slight changes as shown on page 275, as the place where the new day always begins. The calendar is set forward one day on ships crossing this line sailing westward: the calendar is set back one day on ships crossing this line sailing eastward. 1. A ship sets sail from San Francisco for Manila, Oct. 9, 1906, at 9 A.M., 120th meridian time; it arrives at Manila, Oct. 27, at 9 A.M., meridian time. How long is the voyage? 2. The same ship sets sail from Manila, Nov. 3, 1906, at 3 P.M., meridian time, and arrives at San Francisco, Nov. 23, at 3 P.M., 120th meridian time. How long is the voyage? Standard Time The railroads of the United States in 1883 agreed upon a system of standard time and divided our country into four time belts, as shown on the map. In the eastern time belt all trains keep the time of the 75th meridian, known as eastern standard time. In the central belt all trains keep the time of the 90th meridian, known as central standard time. In the mountain time belt all trains keep the time of the 105th meridian, known as mountain standard time. In the Pacific time belt all trains keep the time of the 120th meridian, known as Pacific standard time. Each railway has selected the most convenient towns on its route, as is shown on the map, to change from the standard time of one belt to the standard time of another belt. The time in any belt is 1 hour faster than the time in the belt west of it, or 1 hour slower than the time in the belt east of it. Correct time is telegraphed each day to all parts of the United States from the Naval Observatory at Washington. 1. What is the difference in time between closing of the election polls at 7 P.M. in New York and 7 P.M. Seattle, on the day for choosing presidential electors? 2. A telegraph message was sent from Philadelphia at 11 A.M. Oct. 12, 1906, to San Francisco and delivered at 8:45 A.M. San Francisco time. Why could this be true? GOVERNMENT LAND MEASURES Surveyor's square measure is used by surveyors in measur ing and computing land areas. The Gunter's chain for measuring land is gradually going out of use. In its place surveyors use a steel tape 100 ft. long, divided into feet and decimal parts of a foot. They find the number of square feet in the plot to be measured, and change the result to acres by dividing by 43560, the number of square feet in an acre. W S A GROUP OF TOWNSHIPS E The public lands of the United States are surveyed by selecting a north and south line, called a principal meridian, and intersecting this by an east and west line, called a base line. Range lines are lines running north and south on each side of the principal meridian, at distances of 6 miles. They divide the land into strips 6 miles wide, called ranges. East and west lines parallel to the base line, and at distances of 6 miles, divide the ranges into townships. A range is, therefore, a row of townships running north and south. The townships in each range are numbered north and south from the base line, and the ranges are numbered east and west from the principal meridian. A township is designated by its number and direction from the base line, the number and position of its range, and the name or number of the principal meridian. Thus, Township A is 4 North, Range 5 West of Principal Meridian. A township is 6 miles square and is divided into 36 sections each one mile square. Each section contains 640 acres. 1. W. Sec. 31, T. 22 N., 4 E. 3d P. M. is read west section 31, township 22 North, Range 4 east of third principal meridian. 2. Read: S. of S.E. 4, Sec. 31. 3. Read: N.W. 4 of S.E. 4, Sec. 31. 4. Read: N.E. of N.E. 1, Sec. 31. Locate the tract of land in sections and give number of acres: 5. S.W., Sec. 5, T. 4 S., R. 3 W. 6. S. of N.E. 1, Sec. 4, T. 15 N., R. 5 E. 7. S. E. of N. W. 4, Sec. 8, T. 125 S., R. 4 W. 8. Find the number of rods of fence required for the tract in problem 7. 9. How many rods of fence are required for the tract mentioned in problem 6? |