BILLS AND ACCOUNTS. 178. A Bill is a written statement of goods sold, of services rendered, or of money paid. 179. An Account is a written statement of items of debit and credit. 180. A Debtor is a person who owes another. 181. A Creditor is a person to whom something is owed. 182. A Bill is receipted when the words "Received Payment" are written at the bottom, and the creditor's name is lawfully signed. 183. A Footing is the sum or amount of a bill. 184. Credit is what the creditor pays, or has paid. Debit is what the debtor owes. 185. The Balance is the difference between the foot ings of the debit and credit sides of an account. 186. Abbreviations used in Accounts. 187. To find the footing of a bill. Find the amount of each item and take the sum of the results. Find the amount of the following bill of items: 36 pounds of Sugar, at 93 cents per pound. 3 hogsheads of Molasses, 63 galls. each, @ 27 cents 5 casks of Rice, 200 pounds each, @ 5 cts. per pound 2 chests of Tea, 80 pounds each, @ 96 cts. per pound Total cost, Received payment, for GIDEON GOULD, CHARLES CLARK. 188. To find the balance of an account. Find the difference of the debit and credit items of the account. Find the balance of the following account: 189. A Compound Number, as already defined, is a denominate number whose units are of the same kind, but of different denominations. Denominate numbers are of the same kind when they can be expressed in terms of a common unit. Thus, 3 shillings and 5 pence are of the same kind, because they can both be expressed in pence. If two denominate numbers are of the same kind, that which has the greater unit is said to be of the higher denomination. Thus, 3 shillings is of a higher denomination than 5 pence. TABLES OF WEIGHTS. TROY WEIGHT. 190. This is used in weighing gold, silver, and some APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. 191. This table is used in mixing medicines. The primary unit is 1 pound, the same as Troy weight. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 192. This is used in weighing the ordinary articles of trade and commerce. The primary unit is 1 pound, equal to 7000 grains NOTE.-In weighing coarse articles liable to wastage, as coal at the mines, etc., it is customary to call 112 lbs. a hundredweight, and 28 lbs. a quarter. TABLE OF TIME. 193. Time is a measured portion of duration. Its primary unit is one solar day. An astronomical year is the time required for the earth to perform one revolution round the sun; but this period does not contain an exact number of days; hence, for civil purposes, an artificial year is adopted. The artificial or civil year has sometimes 365 days, and some times 366 days, so distributed that, after a long period, the average length of the civil year is nearly equal to that of the astronomical year. Every year divisible by 4 (except centennial years not divisible by 400) are leap years, all other years are common years. TABLE. The civil year is divided into 12 unequal parts called months. Their order, and the number of days in each, are shown in the table following: February has 28 days in common years, and 29 days in leap years. MEASURES OF LENGTH. 194. Magnitude is anything that can be measured. 195. A Line is the magnitude of length without regard to thickness or breadth. |