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7. Light passes from the sun to the earth-a distance of 95 millions of miles-in about 8 minutes. What distance does light move in a minute?

8. The diameter of the earth is 7912 miles; and the diameter of the sun is 112 times as great. What is the diameter of the sun?

9. The income of the Bishop of Durham, in England, is 106 560 dollars per annum. How many clergymen would this support, on a salary of 800 dollars per annum?

10. Five men and three boys found a sum of money, and divided it so that each man had 43 dollars and each boy 26 dollars. What sum did they find?

11. If a trader buy 558 barrels of flour at 5 dollars a barrel, and pay 14 dollars for storage, for how much must he sell the flour, to gain 160 dollars?

12. Suppose 5 bushels of wheat to make a barrel of flour, how many barrels of flour can be made from 12 bins of wheat, each bin containing 95 bushels?

13. In 12 times 95, how many times 5?

14. If a farmer sell 45 acres of land at 38 dollars an acre, and divide the money equally among 4 sons and 1 daughter, what is each one's share?

15. A man, who owned 520 acres of land, purchased 376 acres more, and then divided the whole into 8 equal farms. How many acres did each farm contain?

16. In 520 plus 376, how many times 8?

17. If a man's income be 1349 dollars a year, and his expenses 3 dollars a day, how much will he lay up in a year; there being 365 days in a year?

18. A merchant gave 39 240 dollars for a cargo of sugar, and after selling it, found he had gained 1671 dollars. For how much did he sell it?

19. A merchant gave 18 dollars a hogshead for 245 hogsheads of molasses, and then sold the whole for 4000 dollars: did he gain or lose; and how much?

20. A lot of land was divided into 8 farms, and each farm contained 150 acres. How many acres were there in the whole lot?

21. If a man's expenses are 2 dol. a day, and his income 17 dol. a week; what will he save in 7 weeks?

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22. Three men bought a ship: the first man paid 2274 dollars; the second paid 3 times as much as the first, and the third paid as much as the first and second both. What was the price of the ship?

23. A hogshead holds 63 gallons. How many gallons of wine are there in 20 hogsheads; allowing that each hogshead wants 5 gallons of being full?

24. If a man earn 36 dollars a month, how many months will it take him to earn 576 dollars?

25. If a man earn 40 dollars a month, and spend 13 dollars a month, how many months will it take him to lay up 297 dollars?

26. A farmer having 20 barrels of pork, sold 9 barrels at 22 dollars a barrel, and the remainder at 19 dollars a barrel. What did he get for the whole?

27. If a trader, who has 152 barrels of flour, should lay out 1370 dollars in buying more flour, at 5 dollars a barrel, how many barrels would he have?

28. A trader hired 650 dollars, and in 6 months paid all but 92 dollars. How much did he pay?

29. What is the value of 139 yards of broad-cloth, at 7 dollars per yard?

By the method of reasoning heretofore practised, we should say in this solution, 139 yards are worth 139 times 7 dollars; and thus we should make 7 the multiplicand, and 139 the multiplier. But since it is more convenient to make the smaller number the multiplier, we reason thus,-If the value of 1 yard were 1 dollar, the value of 139 yards would be 139 dollars; since the value of 1 yard is 7 dollars, the value of 139 yards is 7 times 139 dollars: and accordingly we make 139 the multiplicand, and 7 the multiplier.

30. A trader bought 240 sheep, at 4 dollars a head, and paid for them in cows, at 20 dollars a head. How many cows did he give?

31. If I pay 6 dollars an acre for the ploughing of 18 acres of land, and 100 dollars for having the whole planted and hoed, what does the cultivation cost?

32. How many cows at 19 dollars a head, will pay for 38 sheep at 4 dollars a head?

33. A farmer bought a field, valued at 150 dols., for which he gave 9 cows, valued at 11 dols. apiece, and the rest in How much money did he money. pay? 34. What number must be added to 9 times 14, ic order that the sum shall be 150?

35. If a stage travel 13 miles in the same time that a wagon travels 5 miles, how many miles will a stage travel while the wagon is travelling 65 miles?

36. Suppose that 9 bushels of wheat will fill a hogshead; how many hogsheads can be filled from a heap containing 149 bushels; and how many bushels will be left in the heap?

37. Charles and Joseph are studying arithmetic. Charles is 322 examples in advance of Joseph, but Joseph performs 55 examples in a day, and Charles, 41. In how many days will J. overtake C.?

38. Two men started together and travelled on the same road, at the rate of 7 miles an hour: but one of them rested 1 hour in every 3 hours, and the other rested 1 hour in every 4 hours. How far apart were

they, at the end of 12 hours?

39. A drover, having 599 dollars, wishes to buy all the oxen he can pay for, at 34 dollars a head, and then lay out the remainder of his money for sheep, at 3 dollars a head. How many of each must he buy?

40. A, B, and C made up a purse of 500 dollars. A put in 16 dollars, and B put in 3 times as much. How much did C put in?

41. A merchant bought 64 tons of hemp at 215 dol lars a ton. How many ten-dollar bank notes did it take to pay for the hemp?

42. A merchant paid 9600 dollars for 43 tons of hemp. At how much must he sell the hemp per ton, in order to gain 247 dollars?

43. What number must be subtracted from 7342, in order that the remainder shall be 456?

44. What number must be multiplied by 30, in order that the product shall be 2130?

45. What number must be divided bv 15, in order that the quotient shall be 640?

SECTION 6.

FEDERAL MONEY.

Federal money is the national currency of the United States. Its several denominations are, the MILL, the CENT, the DOLLAR, and the EAGLE.

10 mills are equal in value to 1 cent.
10 cents are equal to 1 dime.

10 dimes, or 100 cents, are equal to 1 dollar.
10 dollars are equal to 1 eagle.

In commerce, we express eagles in dollars, and dimes in cents. For example, instead of saying, 2 eagles and 5 dollars, we say, 25 dollars: and instead of saying, 3 dimes and 4 cents, we say, 34 cents.

1. How many cents are there in 86 dollars? (See method of multiplying by 100, in page 106.)

2. How many cents in 7 dollars and 58 cents?

3. How many dollars are there in 3700 cents? (See method of dividing by 100, in page 116.)

4. How many dols. and how many cts. over, in 534 cts.? This character, $, placed before a number, shows the number to express dollars. For example, $12, is 12 dollars. When dollars and cents are expressed in one sum, they are separated by a point, thus, $4.16; to be read, 4 dollars and 16 cents. Observe, there must be two places of figures for cents: therefore, if the cents be less than 10, a cipher must be placed on the left hand of the figure which expresses them. For example, 56 dollars and 9 cents is written thus, $56.09.

5. What is the whole sum of $34.25, $18.04, $142, $176.81, and 58 cents?

34.25

18.04

142

176.81

.58

$371.68

In writing these numbers for addition, we place dollars under dollars, and cents under cents. We then add up each column, just as we add the columns of simple numbers. Finally, we point off two figures on the right of the sum for cents, and the other figures are dollars.

6. What is the sum of $57.20, $6.02, and $81.16? 7. Add together $538, $1.52, $5.07, and 68 cents. 8. Add together 18 cents, $70.19, $56, and 7 cents. 9. Add together 36 dollars, 7 dollars and 45 cents, 86 cents, 130 dollars and 6 cents, and 340 dollars.

10. Add together 9 dollars, 1 dollar and 70 cents,-13 dollars and 7 cents, 50 cents, and 10 cents.

11. Add together 47 cents, 62 dollars, 9 dollars and 12 cents, 5 dollars and 5 cents, and 3 dollars.

12. Add together 37 dollars, 4 dollars and 17 cents, 96 dollars and 1 cent, 99 cents, and 2 dollars.

13. What is the expense of one quarter's schooling, allowing $19 for board, $9 for tuition, $3.75 for books, and 92 cents for stationary?

14. A sailor paid $16.35 for a hogshead of molasses, in New Orleans, and also paid $3.40 for the freight of the molasses to Boston. For how much must he sell it in Boston, in order to gain $4 ?

15. Subtract $4.35 from $6.48; taking cents from cents, and dollars from dollars.

16. Subtract $7.18 from $48.50.

17. Subtract $251.12 from $546.18. 18. Subtract $47.56 from $319.

319.00 47.56 $271.44

In writing these sums of money for subtraction, we supply the places of cents in the greater sum, by ciphers, and then proceed to subtract.

When either of the sums of Federal money presented or subtraction has no cents expressed, the places of cents may be supplied by two ciphers.

19. Subtract $654 from $783.48.
20. Subtract $31.12 from $5390.
21. Subtract 42 cents from $51.
22. Subtract 7 cents from $1.
23. Subtract 5 cents from $754.
24. Subtract 4 cents from $4.

25. What is the difference between $3.06, and $9? 26. What is the difference between $6, and 7 cents

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