COMPOUND NUMBERS. 128. A Simple Number is either an abstract number, or a concrete number of but one denomination. Thus, 48, 926; 48 dollars, 926 miles. 129. A Compound Number is a concrete number whose value is expressed in two or more different denominations. Thus, 32 dollars 15 cents; 15 days 4 hours 25 minutes. 130. A Scale is a series of numbers, descending or ascending, used in operations upon numbers. In simple numbers and decimals the scale is uniformly 10; in compound numbers the scales are varying. CURRENCY. 1. UNITED STATES MONEY. 131. The currency of the United States is decimal currency, and is sometimes called Federal Money. 1 = 10 100 1000 = 10000 COINS. The gold coins are the double eagle, eagle, halfeagle, quarter-eagle, the three-dollar, and one-dollar pieces. The silver coins are the dollar, the half-dollar, quarterdollar, the twenty-cent, and ten-cent pieces. The nickel coins are the five-cent, and three-cent pieces. The bronze coins are the one-cent pieces. II. CANADA MONEY. 132. The currency of the Dominion of Canada is decimal, and the table and denominations are the same as those of United States money. The currency of the Dominion of Canada was made uniform July 1st, 1871. Before the adoption of the decimal system, pounds, shillings, and pence were used. COINS. The new Canadian coins are silver and bronze. The silver coins are 50-cent piece, 25-cent piece, 10-cent piece, and 5-cent piece. The bronze coin is the cent. The gold coin used in Canada is the British Sovereign, worth $4.863, and the Half-Sovereign. III. ENGLISH MONEY. 133. English or Sterling money is the currency of Great Britain. SCALE-ascending, 4, 12, 20; descending, 20, 12, 4. Farthings are generally expressed as fractions of a penny; sometimes called 1 quarter, (qr.) = 4d, : 3 far. = d. COINS. The gold coins are the sovereign (=£1) and the half-sovereign (=10s.). The silver coins are the crown, half-crown, florin, shilling, sixpenny, fourpenny, and threepenny pieces. The copper coins are the penny, half-penny, and farthing. WEIGHTS 134. Weight is a measure of the quantity of matter a body contains, determined according to some fixed standard. I. TROY WEIGHT. 135. Troy Weight is used in weighing gold, silver, and jewels; in philosophical experiments, etc. TABLE. 24 Grains (gr.) make 1 Pennyweight....pwt. or dwt. .OZ. .lb. SCALE-ascending, 24, 20, 12; descending, 12, 20, 24. II. AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT. 136. Avoirdupois Weight is used for all the ordinary purposes of weighing. SCALE ascending, 16, 100, 20; descending, 20, 100, 16. The long or gross ton, hundred-weight, and quarter were formerly in common use; but they are now seldom used except in estimating English goods at the U. S. Custom-House, and in freighting and wholesaling coal from the Pennsylvania mines. The following denominations are also in use: 56 Pounds make 1 Firkin of butter. 66 1 Barrel of flour. 196 III. APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT. 137. Apothecaries' Weight is used by apothecaries and physicians in compounding medicines; but medicines are bought and sold by Avoirdupois Weight. SCALE-ascending, 20, 3, 8, 12; descending, 12, 8, 3, 20. |