Пlagararınòs. Quasi extensivus in rem non exactam. The imperfect.

Miλλar. Vulgo futurum primum. The first future.

'Ecóuevos. Quibusdam futurum remotius. The second future.

Пaçλnλvs. Tempus exactum. Vulgo the first aorist.

'Abgisos. Indefinitum tempus. The second aorist.

Пaçxxɛies. Adjacens præsenti. The preter-perfect.

"YTECOUNTEλixòs. Plusquam perfectum. The plu-perfect.

* These two tenses, which we have marked as unusual, are generally formed by circumlocution; as we shall see hereafter.

CHAP. XV.

Of each Passive Tense in particular: And firft,
Of the Present and Imperfect.

HE present passive is formed from the active, by changing » into ομαι; τύπτω, τύπτομαι.

Sometimes it is syncopated; pai, for oïopai, puto: λᾶμαι for λέομαι, lavor; from whence comes λεται, lavatur; sabe, lavamini; NavTai, lavantur.

Observations on the Dialects.

The first person plural Ion. assumes here a a before 0x, which is also practised in all the other tenses.

τύπτειαι :

The second person singular in ș, is by the Ionics resolved into ras, from whence it came; TITTY, TÚTTα, and adding also a 1, in like manner in the future; τύψεαι, τύψειαι; τύπεαι, τύπειαι. 1η the subjunctive they resolve it into και ; τύπτηαι: ἔληαι for ἕλη, aufe ras, eligas, &c.

RULE L.

Of Verbs that make the Second Person in σai. Some verbs from ομαι make έσαι; ας φάγομαι, φάγεσαι. EXAMPLES.

There are some verbs which insert a σ in the second person singular, wherein they agree with the natural analogy, mentioned in the preceding chapter; payoμαι, φάγεσαι, edo.

In like manner the circumflex verbs, navxãquaι, σῶμαι, glorier; καυχάεται, καυχάσαι, as we shall see more particularly hereafter. And this is the analogy which has been retained in the passive of verbs in as we shall see Book iv.

RULE LI.

Of the Second Person in l.

εἰ

Sometimes the Attics terminate this person in ; as βέλει, οἴει, ὄψει, ἔει,

EXAMPLES.

The Attics heretofore terminated this second person in ; hence this termination is still retained in these four verbs; βέλομαι, volo, βέλει, υίς: οἴομαι, puto: οἴει, putas: ὄψομαι, videbo; ὄψει, videbis: ἔομαι, sum, ἔει, and by contraction e, es.

Though we meet also with a few more; τεθνήξομαι, moriar ; τεθνήξει, morieris: and such like.

The passive imperfect is formed from the active, changing ov into όμην ; ἔτύπτον, ἐτυπτόμην.

Observations on the Dialects.

The Tonics resolve the second person & into so, from whence it was formed; and the Dorics into ευ, ἐτύπτει.

The Ionic manner of conjugating τυπτεσκόμην, τυπτέσκες, τοπτίσε иIтo, is scarce used in the first person. Of the other two there are instances : πωλέσκεο, Οd. σ. πωλέσκετο. Od. 2. obibas, obibat, fer πωλείσκιο, -ετο, from πωλέομαι : in like manner, γινίσκετο, erat, ἐχέσε κετο, habebatur : ζωννύσκετο, cingebatur : μισγέσκετο, miscebatur. Likewise in the plural, τυπτέσκοντο, verberabantur.

We also meet with πεπείθετο, persuasus est, for επείθετο, Οd. β. Though the reduplication of this tense is uncommon; and therefore some have taken it for the second aorist, which ought, however, to have the penultima short, as when Homer says πεπιθών, -ὅσα, for πιθὼν.

The third person plural in έατo is in Homer and Herodotus; ὑπεδικάατο, for ὑπεδέχοντο : it is likewise to be met with in the present, as also in the perfect and plu-perfect; where we shall treat of it more at large.

CHAP.

CHAP. XVI.

Of the Passive Futures and Aorists.
RULE LII.

Formation of the First Future.

1. Ω of the first future active makes θήσομαι in the passive.

2. But ψω makes φθήσομαι, and ξω, χθήσομαι.

3. Ω pure sometimes takes a r, and sometimes rejects it. 4. The penultima of the perfect active is retained in this tense by verbs in λω, μω, νω, ρω.

5. The same penultima in some other verbs is made short. EXAMPLES.

THE first future passive may be easily formed from its active, by changing × into θήσομαι.

2. But ψω makes φθήσομαι, and ξω, χθήσομαι. Where being cast off, a o or a x is inserted in its room before 0, by reason that a lenis cannot precede an aspirate: thus,

3. Some verbs in ω pure, according to what we have remarked in the rule, retain the o, as may be seen in the examples produced, number I.

And