PERFECT and PLU-PERFECT.

τεθειμένο, ἑςαμένο, δεδομένα.
PAULO-POST-FUTURE.

τεθεισόμενο, ἑςασόμεν,

δεδοσόμενα.

For the MIDDLE VERB.

We have already observed, that its second aorist conformed to the imperfect passive through all the moods, as we have put it.

The present and imperfect are the same with the passive, as in all other sorts of verbs. So that there remain only two tenses.

The first future and first aorist, which are formed regularly from their active in all moods; thus from the future active Syow, show, dwow, is formed the

δώσομαι, δωσοίμην,

The aorist is formed in the same manner. From

ἔθηκα, ἔζησα, ἔδωκα, comes the

FIRST AORIST MIDDLE.

10nxáμnr, seldom used.

Indicat. Subj. Optat.

εδωκάμην, seldom used.

δησάμενος,

ἐτησάμην, ζήσομαι, τησαίμην, τῆσαι, τήσασθαι,

Of the IRREGULAR VERBS in μ.

WE may consider two sorts of irregular verbs in : the first which follow nearly the analogy of the preceding, but are used only in very few tenses, the greatest part of which we shall find in the book of defectives: and the others, which differ wider from the faid analogy, though they have more tenses than the former. These deserve to be particularly taken notice of, because, as they are in frequent use, they may puzzle those that are not well acquainted with them.

In order to facilitate the conjugation of these irregulars, we shall refer them to the regulars, according to their characteristics; where we must always remember their general analogy, which is, to have a long vowel in the singular, and a short one in the dual and plural. For attending to this analogy, and observing some particulars, which we shall comprize in a few rules, these verbs will be easily imprinted in the memory, which otherwise are apt to create trouble even to those who have made some progress in the language.

We may divide these irregulars into three classes; the first derived from the verb ew, marked with a smooth breathing; the second from w, with a rough breathing; and the third from a different verb from w. The dialects of these verbs are almost the same as those of the foregoing.

CHAP. VI.

Of derivatives from w, with a smooth breathing: and first, Of 'EIMI', sum, 1 am. RULE XVI.

Formation of this Verb.

From Ew, with a smooth breathing, comes eipi acuted; it makes the singular in εἶς, εἶ,ἐςί,and the plural inἐσμέν,ἐςέ, εἰσί. EXAMPLES.

THE substantive verb eiuí is formed from ew, I am, from whence regularly it should make : but it neglects the reduplication, and does not so much as change into, for fear of confounding it with, I say. It only adds an to s, to lengthen its penultima, which it retains in the first and second person singular, dropping it in the third, as also in the dual and plural, except the last. It takes an acute on the last syllable, to distinguish it from lμ, to go, marked with a circumflex on the first, of which we shall speak hereafter. For dissyllables in have naturally this accent; as vμs, to know: dû, to enter: uλúμ, to bear, &c. This verb is conjugated according to the following table, after which we shall give each tense in particular, with its dialects.

Ff

TABLE

The compounds are conjugated in the same manner, but draw back the accent: wage, adsum, wáyɛi, πάρεςι, πάρεσμεν, πάρεζε, πάρεισι.

Observations on the dialects.

Eis the second person, which passes for an enclitic, is regular, coming from the first, by changing pinto, according to the general analogy; ας τίθημι, τίθης: δίδωμι, δίδως, &c. Vossius says, it is repeated four times in Homer, but he might have said above fifteen times. Nevertheless is more usual in prose, but it will hardly be found in the abovementioned poet, except in the thirteenth verse of his battle of the frogs: EEVE T ; Hospes quis es? And this second person seems to be rather derived from the middle; for loua should naturally make iņ, and according to the Attics, and afterwards by contraction el.

"Ev for lus is very rare, hut it is used for vesi, licet, and for Yes, insunt, from the verb evtipu.

The other dialects are marked sufficiently in the conjugation of the present, their analogy having been already explained. The French, vous estes, or vous êtes, seems to be derived from the second person isé, or ite. RULE XVII.

Of the IMPERFECT.

1. The imperfect makes ÿv, és or voða, † or йv, retainingy in all numbers.

2. But

signifies also ivi and dixi; tabı implies also

scito and es; ï, i.

1. This imperfect is regular in its formation: for as w should naturally make , or without reduplication, its imperfect must of course be, because as the verb begins with an immutable vowel, it is incapable of augment.

But in its conjugation it is irregular, forasmuch as it always retains in the dual and plural of the common tongue.

The second per on in 6a is from the Ealic, whose practice it is to put this termination after ε, s, ñola: but it is common enough in authors.

The third person is very little used, instead of which we rather say .

2. The explication of the second part of the rule, with regard to, may be seen in the following title of dialects; and in regard to, and, you will find it in the imperative presently,

Obfervations on the Dialects.

The Attics rejecting the of this imperfect, say in the first person, eram, as may be proved from Aristophanes. The Ionics resolving it, say x, and the poets taking the long vowel, write nx, eram; from whence comes the third personne, or ǹev, erat, for ʼn, which is seldom used. Likewise inй, Hom. he was upon. But Fustathius says, that nx is a first aorist, and others say it is a perfect middle.

The poets prefixing a syllabic augment, say likewise inv, "ns, in, changing afterwards the syllabic into a temporal, änv, nns, nn, &c. They likewise form them in oxov, es, r, like the barytons.

The second person Æol. nola, assumes likewise an augment, inoba. The Dorics says in third person, erat, changing » ixio s; for › is added to n, for .

The dual adds a o, especially among the poets, sov, sm, assuming the short vowel rov, or sov, from whence seems to be derived the French nous estions; as nous fumes seems to proceed from the plural ήμες. But the poets use also the short vowel in this number, iμer, îte, &c. wherein they conform to the regular analogy.

Several syncopate the third person plural, as ʼn for heav, nesiv, for decay, they had known: but it is not so very frequent.

But is likewise the first person of the second aorist middle of nu, to go, vide page 227; and, moreover, the first person of the imperfect of on, to say, page 236; whereto we may likewise add that, with a rough breathing, is the second aorist of inui, to send, page 228.

The second aorist among the poets is nov, derived regularly from the baryton ew, of which the Ionics, according to Eustath, make sox, without the augment; from whence comes ïeç, by crasis els, and by extension sis, in Herodotus.

From