ANNOTATION.

This list might have been carried on to a greater length; but as I perceived that this would lead me too far, and in some measure exceed the limits of a grammar, where it sufficeth to lay down the general rules of each article, and to illustrate them with a few examples; I have therefore reserved the remainder for another work, which may soon follow this, should the Public reap from it the benefit I intended. I shall endeavour also to give in our mother-tongue a specimen of the copiousness of the Greek, in the different explications of its choicest words, by a continual concatenation of etymologies:

Of the Change of thofe Prepofitions in Compounds. Prepositions are frequently subject to some change or alteration in composition: which happens in two different manners.

1. They lose their vowel, when the verb commenceth with a vowel, and if this vowel of the verb is marked with a rough breathing, ther and the of the preposition are changed into their aspirates 0, and ; as paigat, to take away, or to be taken away, from arò and aigua, to take; which has been already explained, Book I. Chap. xi. of Apostroph.

We must except περὶ and πρὸ, which retain their vowel; περιέXw, to contain, to surround; wgoáyw, to produce, to advance. But go, when it is followed by an or an 0, makes a contraction in e, according to the Attics; as węoixw, węźxw, to be before hand, or to have the upper hand; wgopiça, imperf. eoipegov, węoupegor, proferebam, I produced, I exposed, &c.

'Aupi also retains sometimes the app, circuminduo, I cloath of all sides.

2. 'E, and a change into μ before ß, π, P, ↓ ; μ into y before x; into a before a; and où changes it into a or before another org, or sometimes drops it intirely before σ or ; as

Zusaugw, to tear, to drag.

Συμβίωσις, conversation.

Zuunina, to meet together.
Evμgizonar, to be carried together.
Zúluxos, unanimous, of the same mind.
Suppie, to stay together.

Συγκαλύπτω, το cover.

Συγχειμάζω, to winter together.

Συγγράφω, to write together.

Evλλáμa, to illum nate together.

Zunriw, to discuss, to examine.

Zura, contraho, to bind up, to tie uppáno, to sow together, to mзnd, to fast, to fold one into another.

patch.

T

'Avà, xarà, and waga, lose also their final a among the Poets, and elsewhere, even before a consonant, and are upon that account liable to changes in their preceding consonant, that have some relation to those above mentioned; but the of xar' for xarà, when it precedes or x, must be changed into their smooth correspondents or x; when it precedes B, y, d, or , as also the liquids λ,,,, it must be changed into the same letters, as will appear by the following examples.

Ανὰ, ἀναλύω, ἀλλύω for ἀνλύω, το resolve, to dissolve, to undo; whence comes ἀλλύσσα for ἀναλύεσα, dissolve ing ; ἀλλύεσκον, Ion. for ἀνελυον, Οd. α. v. 150. I dissolved.

̓Ανατανύω, ἀντανύω, to dart upreards. *Ανέλεγον, ἄλλεγον, to make a colec tion, to choose.

̓Αναβαίνων, ἀμβαίνων, mounting. *Αναβαλλώμεθα, ἀμβαλλώμεθα, let us defer, or prolong.

Αμβολιεργές, Hesych. for ἀναβολιερα yos, cunctator, one that delays, or puis of.

*Ανάσχο, ἄνασχε, suffer.

• Ανακαλέω, ἀγκαλέω, to recal,

This change is made also in nouns; for though và governs its case,nevertheless it is frequently joined in one word ; ἀνὰ πεδίον, ἀμπεδίον, across the field; ἀναδόνακας, ἀνδόνακας, among the reeds; ἀνὰ βωμοῖς, ἀμβωμοῖς, upon the

Q q

ulturs

· αἰέατε; ἀνὰ μέγα, ἀμμέγα, very big ; ἀνὰ φόνον, ἀμφόνον, emdst the massacre ; ἀμπέλαγος or và wiλayes, by sea. Likewise, arauízdne, kṛeuíàdny, confusely; ἀνάπηρος, ἄμπηρος, lame, maimed, &c.

ΚΑΤΑ, καταθνήσκω, κατθνήσκω, to die ; κατέθανε,, κάτθανε, he is dead.

Κατέβαλε, κα βαλς, h has overthrown. Καταλείπειν, καλλείπειν, to leave, to abandon.

Κατέπεσε, κάππεσε, to fall.

Καταρίζωσα, καῤῥίζεσα, flattering, κα ressing with the hund, II. ..

Καταπυρίσασα, καππυρίσασα, Theoc. conceived in the Fre.

Καταδύναι, καδοῦναι, to plunge in the

water.

Κατὰ λαπάρην, καλλαπάρην, per ilia, through the flanks, &c.

ΠΑΡΑ', παραθέμενος, παρθέμενος, comparing ; παρτιθεῖ, παρατιθεῖ, he com pares.

Παραμένων, παρμένων, waiting, as sisting, whence comes Parmeno, in Terence.

The compounds of a verb beginning with a e, and of a preposition ending with a vowel, repeat the g in the middle, as impjiw, to flow upon. See jw, Book V. Chap. viii.

C

CHA P. III.

Of Conjunctions or Connexions, ruvdeoμOL.

σύνδεσμοι.

NONJUNCTIONS are either significative or expletive.
The significative are

Conjunctives, vμTRENTINO: xai, and re, que, &c.

Disjunctives, diaeuxlixoi: , aut, and its compounds to, nyer,

sive.

Concessives, ȧobeтIXOi: xar, xαíTe, etsi, although.

Adversatives, avtiwμatinoi; dè, vero, but, which answers to pir, quidem, indeed; annà, sed, but; uws, tamen, nevertheless.

Causatives, aliokoyixi: yag, enim, for; iva, ut, that; &ws, quò, that; sing and ini, siquidem, since; whence comes in, inding, siquidem, quandoquidem, whereas.

Conclusives, cuλãoyısınoi: äga, ev, igitur, ergo, therefore; dióneg, quapropter, wherefore; likewise TOUR, TOIɣágтOL, Toyager, igitur, therefore.

Conditionals, i, av, si; whence comes lav, and by contraction , and such like.

The expletive, λngwμarino, are those which signify nothing in particular, but serve only to embellish and fill up the sentence; as wee, To, and among the poets ja, In, &c. See Book IX. Chapter of the Enclitics.

The

The SECOND PART of this Book.

THIS Second Part shews the several methods, used by the Greeks in the composition and derivation of their nouns, one great source of the copiousness of their language. And this being joined to what we have said relating to the derivation of verbs in the preceding book, Chap. I and II. will be of very great service to those who have a mind to learn several words derived from the same root. But as this supposeth some previous knowledge of the ROOTS, without which the advantages that might be derived from this treatise, as well as from other methods founded thereon, would be very inconsiderable: we shall publish very soon, God willing, A new and easy Method of learning and retaining the Greek Roots*, adapted to tender capacities, and of more use than one would imagine.

CHAP. IV.

Of Derivative Nouns: And firft of thofe that are derived from other Nouns.

TOUNS are derived from all parts of speech, except con

was

tion, before we had treated of all the parts of speech in particular. Thus from πέρυσι, anno superiori, comes περυσινός, what is of the last year: from xis, heri, yesterday, comes xboivos, hesternus, what is of yesterday: from vig, super, upon, comes vñaros, consul, a first magistrate; and such others.

But the most common derivation is made from nouns and verbs. From nouns, there are six different sorts of derivatives. 1. Patronymics. 2. Gentiles. 3. Possessives. 4. Diminutives. 5. Augmentatives. 6. Those that are particularly called denominatives.

I. Patronymics.

Nouns of parentage or family, which the Greeks call patrony mics, are those, which being taken for the name of the father or grandfather, are given afterwards to all his descendants. They are of two sorts, masculine and feminine.

THE MASCULINES are terminated in AHE. and come from genitives in and in os

When the genitive in comes from a noun in os impure, the patronymic is in ions; as re Kgore, Saturni of Saturn; & Kgovidna, Saturnius, belonging to Saturn. When it comes from os pure, or from a noun in as or in ns, the patronymic is in áons; as tữ Alvetë,

*This work was translated a few years ago, and printed for J. Nourse (now for F. Wingrave) in the Strand.

Enca:

Enea; Alváns, Æneades: rè 'Immóra, Hippotæ; i 'Immorádes, Hippotades: T Maigre, Laerta; ó Aargrádns, Laertiades, by inserting ..

From the genitive in os comes ns; as rñs Anroos, Latona ; ¦ A☛ τοίδης, Latonius: το Αμφιτρύωνος, Amplytrionis; ὁ ̓Αμφιτρυωνίδης, and inserting a, Αμφιτρυωνιάδης.

But the Ionics change ins into íar; as i Kgovidns, ó Kgoríar, Saturnius, belonging to Saturn.

THE FEMININES are in as, 15, vn.

As and is come from the masculines in dus, casting away da; as Hans, son to Sol; 'Has, daughter to Sol : & Пpiauídns, son of Priam; grauis, daughter to Priam.

Feminines income generally from a genitive in &; të 'Oxeave, Oceani; 'Dusavin, the daughter of the Ocean. And if & happens to be pure, then an w is inserted, as tữ 'Angioie, 'Angioiára, daughter of Acrisius. But wm comes sometimes from tw: as 'HeTiwv, 'HETIávn, the daughter of Etion.

Of all these nouns, those in wv are of the imparisyllabic declension, and the rest of the parisyllabic.

II. Gentiles.

The national or gentile nouns of the MASCULINE gender are commonly terminated in

Tns; as from Enágrn, Sparta;

'Haugos, Epirus; o 'Hmugwτns, an Epirote.

Emagriárns, a Spartan: $

alos; as from ai 'Abñvai, Athens; ¦ 'Abnvaïos, an Athenian: "Paun, Rome; 'Papaios, a Roman.

10s; as from Babuλav, Babylon; Babuλários, a Babylonian: T Βυζάντιον, Byzantium ; ὁ Βυζάντιος, ο Byzantine.

Eus; as from 'Aavda; Alexandria; 'Aheardçevs, an Alexandrian; tò Lénov, a promontory near to Athens; Eenieùs, one who lives near that promontory.

There are likewise some foreign terminations, adopted by the Grecks; as

vos: To Phytov, Reggio, a town in Italy; i 'Pnyivos, one of Reggio. myos: as Niobis, Nisibis, a city on the River Tigris; NiGiCnès, a citizen of Nisibis: 'ExCarava, Ecbatana, a city of Media; ; 'ExCaranyos, an inhabitant of Ecbatana.

Some have a double termination; as 'Apaoria, a town of Pontus; 'Apactùs, and 'Apaoswns: n Años, the isle of Delus; i Δήλιος, and Δηλίτης.

THE FEMININES are frequently terminated in oa; as ʼn Keñoca, a woman of Crete, from Keńrn, the isle of Crete or Candia in the Mediterranean sea. See Book II. Chap. ix.

Oftentimes they conform to the common rule of adjectives; as 'Anvaïos, an Athenian, 'Anvaía, an Athenian woman; and several others.

Sometimes they are formed after the manner of patronymics; as • Bigieus, й Erycías, a male or female inhabitant of the town of Sigeum : "Iraλos, an Italian, Iraλıs, an Italian woman.

Some are formed without any sort of analogy; as Tews, a Trojan, or Tros, the founder of Troy: 'Oduorus. a city of Masia,

or