Πύρρος ἐς τὴν Πελοπόννησον ἐσβαλῶν, Σπαρτιατών πρεσβευτῶν ἀπαν τώντων περὶ ̓Αρκαδίαν, φιλανθρώπως αὐτὸς ὑπεδέξατο, Polycan. Stratag. lib. vi. Pyrrhus marching towards Peloponnesus, gave a very kind reception to the Lacedæmonian ambassadors, that came through Arcadia to meet him.

CHAP. VI.

Observations on different Governments.
1. Different Governments joined together.

AVerb may

as,

admit of different governments in the the same expression, according to the different rules explained above;

1. A genitive with a dative, wλexTữ Túry σ8, I surpass you in

this.

2. A genitive, and an accusative, Siouaí os rà dixxia, I apply to you for justice. Karnynew σu Thy dinny, I have this to lay to your charge. 'ATTE! Xevσë ägyugor, to give silver in change for gold. 3. A dative, and a genitive, xow Go TETE, I partake with you of this.

4. A dative, and an accusative, Bondã 001 tổ ngãypa, I assist YoL in this affair.

5. An accusative, and a genitive, dayovíça os tãç túxus, I think your situation happy:

6. An accusative, and ablative, paw σe öλy Luxy, I love you with all my soul.

II. Variety in the fenfe by reafon of the different Governments.

Though the verb continues the same, yet the sense is sometimes altered, because of the different government; as

'Apaigūnai Tivos, I deprive one of something he has not had yet, and hinder him from having it: apauguai ria, spolio aliquem, I strip him of what he has.

'Endix on, I revenge the injury done you : indinữ or, I punish you, I take revenge of you.

Ἐπιτιμῶ σοι, I reprimand you : ἐπιτιμῶ σε, I honour or praise you. Kugnów os, I lord it over you: xugitów σt, I make you lord or

master.

III. Different government in Verbs compounded with Prepofitions.

When prepositions are joined with verbs, they empower them to govern their case in Greek, as in Latin.

Thus verbs compounded with it, gò arò, assume a genitive : Tê wodòs èxxçeudoas idov, having kung a stone to his foot, Epigram. ̓Απήνης, ἐκκυλίνδεται, he is tumbled out of his chariot: Προτρέχει ἡ γλῶττα της διανοίας, Isocr, his tongue runs before his thoughts. Σαυτόν

αἰτίας

mirías aloxgäs àwodów, Id. clearing yourself of a shameful crime, Απέση το διανυμαχῆσαι, he altered his resolution of fighting by sea. Likewise the compounds of ύπὲς, Οι κατὰ : τῦ πατρὸς ὑπερμαχε μαι, Soph. I shall fight for my father. Καταχέοντες ἀλλήλων τὰ úa, Lucian, throwing the leaves at one another. Κατέπαυσέ σε,

Dem. he has spit at you, and metaph. he has despised you.

Those of παρὰ and ὑπὲς, govern an accusative; μὴ τίς με παξέλθη, Od. 9. that no body may pass me. Υπερενεγκόντες τὸν Λευκαδίων jobμor ràs vaus, Thucyd. having brought their ships to the other side of the isthmus of Lucadia.

If the preposition were to be detached from the verb, and put before the noun which it governs, those expressions would be resolved into their simple and natural sense; as σαυτὸν λύων ἀπὸ aioxgas airías, clearing yourself of a shameful accusation; and in like manner the rest.

Nevertheless the preposition is sometimes repeated, without do taching it from the verb: ἀφοριεῖ αὐτὲς ἀπ' ἀλλήλων, Matth. xxν. and he shall separate them from one another. Εἰ μὴ έκτήσῃ ἐκ τῆς ὁδᾶ, if you won't get out of the road.

Some verbs govern one time a genitive by reason of their preposition, and another time an accusative, because of their significa tion: ríxvwv àpe, Soph. keep away from your children. Пávtar

'aquis, Dem. laying aside all the rest. Likewise, arodva o τῶν ἁμαρτίων, 1 free you from your sins. 'Αποδύω σε τὰ ἱμάτια, Ι take off your cloaths; and the like.

Some admit of a difference of government by virtue of the preposition wherewith they are compounded, which governs different cases: gibnoar te wigye, Herodot. they passed the tower. Th gaves vnigai, Chrys. to be mounted above the heavens. Tänäλλw ὑπερφρονώντες, Lucian, undercaluing others. Υπερφρονῶν τὰς ἄλλες TavTas. Plut. the same.

IV. The Expreffion changed by the Government.

Sometimes the phrase is changed by different governments, which import the same thing; as κατηγορῶ σε προδοσίαν, οι σε @godovias, I accuse your treason: or si węodorías, I accuse you of treason.

̓Αποςερῶ σε τῆς ἐσίας, οι σοὶ τὴν ἐσίαν, οι σὲ τῆς ἐσίας, οι σὲ τὴν ἐσίαν, I deprive you of your substance. Σύνοιδα ἐμαυτῷ ἁμαρτάνων, οι ἁμαρτάνοντι (both by attraction) or ἁμαρτίαν, oι περὶ τῆς ἁμαρτίας I am sensible of my error. Which is sufficient for examples.

CHAP. VII.

Obfervations on figurative Construction.

WE

shall observe here the same order as in the Latim reducing all these figures to four.

method,

1. That which marks the want of some word in a sentence, and called ELLIPSIS, of which the ZEUGMA makes a part.

2. That

2. That which marks a redundancy of something in a sentence, and is called PLEONASM..

3. That which marks some disproportion and disagreement in the parts of a sentence, and is called SYLLEPSIS.

4. That which marks the inversion of the natural order, and iş called HYPERBATON.

We shall treat of these figures here in very few words, as we suppose the reader to have acquired some knowledge of them already from what we have said elsewhere.

I. Ellipfis.

The general maxims of this figure must be taken from the Latin method. But there is not one more necessary than that of the word πρᾶγμα or χρήμα understood. As when they put the adjective neuter for a feminine substantive : τὸ σοφὸν καὶ τὸ ̓Αττικον Exλados, the beauty and the elegancy of the Greek tongue; that is to say, τὸ σοφὸν χρῆμα.

When they put a neuter with the substantive feminine: oix iyaBor woλunogavin, Hom. the government of many is not good, is perni cious. Пongov o ovxopárrns, Dem. an informer is an abominable thing. Σπάνιον καὶ δυςευξετόν ἐςι φίλος βέβαιος, Plut. a constant friend is rare, and hard to be found. Θεῖον ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ πάντων μὲν ἀγαθῶν θεοῖς, πάντων δὲ ἀνθρώποις ἀρχὴ, Plato apud Plut. truth is a divine thing, and the source of all blessings to the gods, and to men.

Sometimes they put the substantive; as abávarov xenμa àg. Sea, Epictet. truth is an immortal thing.

Sometimes they express it along with the other noun in the genitive; as To μn xena, Synes. musick, just as Phædrus has put ses cihi for cibus. Εςεςγε δὲ ὁ Καίσαρ ὑπερφυῶς τὴν ἀδελφὸν, χρημα θαυμαςόν, ὡς λέγεται, γυναικὸς γενομένην, Plut. de Augusto. Casar was exceeding fond of his sister, who by all accounts was a wonderful fine woman.

This same noun is understood, when they put a genitive instead of a nominative; which is more usual with the Attics: e poi τότε το ἀγαθό γένοιτο, sup. χρῆμα, res, or δύναμις, facultas, 4 wish I could be so happy.

Likewise when they put τὰ πρῶτα for πρῶτος ; as ἴσθι Αθηναίων, Tà gara, Lucian, keep thou the first rank among the Athenians.

When the article is put with an adverb or with a preposition, a participle must be understood agreeing with this article, if it be not expressed; as τὴν ἐπιπολῆς σάρκα, sup. ἦσαν, the flesh on the surface, Aristot. Τοῖς νῦν (sup. ἔσιν) καὶ τοῖς πρότερον (sup. γεγονόσι) Id, to those that are at present, and to those that have been formerly. In like manH xúxày xírnois, sup. yimuém, Id. a circular motion. ner, when we say rò máλai, formerly, rò ngi, before, to viv, or Tà yov, nunc, now, we are to understand gayu, or in the plural gayuara, according to present matters or affairs.

A participle must also be understood when we say, ra xar' ayoçar, sup. örta or youa, forensia, things relating to the bar. Ο ἐν ἐρανοῖς, sup. ὢν, τolo art in heaven. Ἡ ἄνω βασιλεία, sup. ίσα the kingdom of heaven. Oi μ:0' spas, sup. ioiμevos, posteri nostri,

our

our posterity. Τὰ ἐν μέρει, οι ἐπὶ μέρες, οι κατὰ μέρος, sup. ὄντα, singularia, things taken separately, or in particular. Oi i ri, sup. övres, those that are in employment, or post. And in like manner the rest.

But it will not be amiss to give here, for the greater ease of young beginners, particular lists of those words that are most commonly understood among Greek authors, after the manner observed with regard to Latin authors, in the Latin method.

FIRST LIST.

Of several Nouns understood in Greek Authors.

MASCULINES..

ΑΝΘΡΩΠΟΣ is understood, when we say Tày vízuv, Tòv vizgov, defunctum, a dead man.

KINATNON, or APO'MON, when we say, τρέχειν οι θέειν τὸν περὶ ψυχῆς, οι nieuxns, to run the risk of one's life. ΜΥΘΟΣ, when we say, ποῖον ἔειπες ; what have you said? for woło pobor, as in Latin, ausculta paucis, sup. verbis, hearken a little.

ΟΙΝΟΝ, when we say, η ῥαπολύν τιν ἔπινες ὅτ ̓ εἰς εὐνὰν κατεβάλλεν, Theocr. really you drank a great deal as you was going to bed.

ΠΥΡΕΤΟΣ, when we say, λύει TOLaiss, discutit tertianas, sup. febres, it cures a tertian aque.

ΤΟΝ ΒΙΟΝ, when we say, μεταλ KárTw, xaraków, to end his life, to die.

ΤΡΟΠΟΥ, when we say, ὁ γὰρ ἀνὴς res in warròs diáns Thy stábeis, this man strives every way to move the passions, Dionys. Halicarn. de Isocr.

ΥΠΝΟΣ, when we say, ὡς βαθὺν ἐκοι uns! how profoundly you slept.

ΧΡΟΝΟΣ, when we say, αἱ κοιλίαι χειμῶνος καὶ ἦρος θερμόταται φύσει, Hippocr. ventres hyems & veris, sup. tempore calidiores, the belly is naturally hottest in winter and spring.

'Ex waka, a long time since: dià μακρά, διὰ πολλά, jam longo intervallo, a long time ago: iv rýr, Thucyd. mean while.

FEMININES.

AI ZOHTIE, or 'OZMH', when we say πόθεν βροτο με προσέβαλε : unde mihi hommes de ailapsus est ?

ΓΗ͂Ν, ΧΩΡΑΝ, when we say, εἰς wonquiar, sie wargida, in hosticum, sup. solum, into an enemy's country; in patriam, sup. terram, regionem, into his native country.

ΓΛΩΣΣΑ, ΟΙ ΦΩΝΗ), when we say, η Ελληνική, ἡ 'Αττὶς the Greek tongue, the Attic tongue.

гPAMMH', when we say, wgòs delùv,

ad perpendiculum. As also, it' subsías, directly, perpendicularly.

ΔΙΚΗ, when we say, τὴν ἐπὶ θανάτῳ ngivapivn, sentenced to die.

Ερήμην λαβεῖν, sup. δίκην, to cast one's adversary by default, or for want of appearing in court.

ΔΟΞΑ, when we say, κατάγε τὴν Bun, med opinione, med sententid, according to my opinion.

ΔΟΡΑ, when we say, αλωπεκή, λε avrñ, águτň, vispìs, &C. vulpina, leonina, ursina, hinnulina, &c. sup. pellis.

ΔΡΑΧΜΗ, when we say, χιλίων viola, mille drachmis emi, to cost a thousand drachms.

ΕΠΙΣΤΟΛΑΙΣ, or some such word, when we say, ἐν ταῖς τὸ βασιλέως δια λaïs, in diplomatis regis, in the king's letters patent.

'HAIKIA, when we say, ix vías, sup. ixias, from one's youth. In like manner, ἐκ vis, ἐκ μειρακία, ἐκ παιδός, as in Latin, ero.

ΗΜΕΡΑ, when we say, τη προτεραία, insoy, the day before, the day fol lowing.

H chusgor, à augur, to-day, to-morrow. Τὴν κυρίαν ὁμολογεῖν, sup. ἡμέραν, Va dimonium promittere, to promise to appear before the day appoint. Bud.

Τῆς κυρίας ἀπολείπεσθαι, οἳ ὑπερεῖσθαι, vadimonium deserere, to miss up ear ing at the day appointed, Bud. for xvgía is taken for the fixt day, as that on which the affair is to be decided.

· ΜΟΙΡΑ, ΟΙ ΜΕΡΙΣ, when we say Tes, hac. s. sigg, parte, on this side.

Μετρεῖν τὴν ἴσην, sup. μοίραν, æquam portionem metir', to render like for like.

In the same manner, ¿1⁄2 ïons, i hus días, ex æque, ex semisse, i. e. ex æqua & dimidiata, sup. parte, equally, or by elf.

ΝΑΥΣ, when we say, τριήρης, πινα τηκόντορος, a gallery eath three roses of oars, galley with fifty oars: Qoprie, a ship of burthen.