14. Before μ, in Bgiun, force; Bg, Proserpine; lipos, brave, stout; xλíμaž, a ladder; Xipos, hunger, famine; μíμos, a buffoon; pòs, flat-nosed; puòs, corn, pays lead, a halter; Tun, honour; Tuos, one that is not honoured; and in compounds terminating in sos; as poquos, brave, valiant.

15. Before, in yugos, a kind of frog: igos, a wild fig-tree; Gaurds, thick, frequent; reiva, seu Spivak, a sort of three-cornered sieve; Igidaním, wild lettice; xXírn, a bed; pivòs, skin; xahivòs, « bridle; Kapágina, a pestilential lake in Sicily; xáμros, a furnace; oikov, pursley, and several others terminating in vos, or ivov.

We must except, 1. nouns of matter; as devivos, oak, whose feminines however make the penultima long; as poλidím, made of lead. 2. Trissyllables in, whose first is long; as tím, a hatchet; Swrim, a gift; inžím, the name of an herb; oui, a fight. 3. These two dissyllables, pin, a file; Sim, vortex.

But it is also long in verbs in ίνω or ίνομαι ; as κλίνω, to incline; xgivw, to judge; vivopas, to be, to be made.

16. Before, in ygimus, piscator, a fisherman; Evgimos, Euripus; ivimo, to give impertinent language; in, injurious language; ριπή, the shooting of an arrow; κνιπός, a niggardly fellow; σκίπων, or σκήπων, scipio, a staff.

Before e it is short, conforming thus to the general rule; however 'igos, Irus, and igòs, holy, are excepted. It is also short before , except 'Ayxions, Bgiosus, numes of men.

17. Before 7, in axónтor, wolfs-bane, a kind of herb; wards, the descent of a mountain; Xirov, a ragged shirt; Aròs, simple, mean ; TITOS, despised, unpunished; oiros, frumentum, wheat; Tirar, Tgitwy, Tipws, proper names; oírus, a father ; Ogírtw, to fret, to fume, to make a noise. Likewise in nouns ending in rn, irns, īric; as 'Apgodirn, Venus; ömλirng, armed; initis, a sort of herb. We must however except xgirns, a judge, and such like nouns formed from verbs that shorten the penultima of the perfect.

18. Before, in veipos, o, a net; Èigipos, an island; pi, vchemently, with its derivatives and compounds; sipos, a squadron; σίφων, ο pipe.

19. Nouns called barytons, viz. that are not accented on the last syllable, whether they be dissyllables or not, have also the penultima long, except naè̟nívos, a crab or lobster, and wivos, mastiness. 20. I is common in fel, or, fers; Te, as, “'ouey, and such like, with their compounds.

Likewise in Xiar, much, a great deal; w, I think, I judge; ríw, to honour, to punish; ia, I have been; dias, calm, serene; múdios, exposed to the air; inn, a reprimand; inima, to give injurious language; loos, equal; view, to snow; igrínw, to evert, to destroy; periTns, a mediator; 'ngiwv, a constellation.

Penultima.

1. It is long before a vowel, in 'Evów, Bellona, the goddess of war; as, a Bacchanalian; pów, to shut, to hide, to wink; μuw, a musculous part of the body; miw↓, an ox-fly, or gad-bee; win, snot; w, to rain.

Likewise in the greatest part of the verbs in uw, when it hap pens to be preceded, either by two consonants, or by a syllable long by nature; as low, to spas, the, to shape, to scrape, to smooth; warów, to be busy; idęów, to fix, to establish; węúopai, to howl, to cry out; except some that have the doubtful, as we shall take notice of hereafter.

Before consonants it is also long in some words; as,

2. Before ẞ, in 15òs, for xupòs, crooked.

3. Before y, in aμagvy, brightness; wyn, whistling, noise; ihoλυγών and ὀλολυγή, howling, συγή, clunes, the buttocks; τευχών, όνος, , a turtle dove.

4. Before S, in "Avdos, Abydus; Borgudor, in clusters; ignons, famous; and other compounds of nidos, glory.

5. Before 9, in Bubos, depth, or hollow; μilos, a fable, or discourse; aμulos, without fiction; (ilos, beer; wüłw, to rot; mulù, corruption, stink.

6. Before in Bçuxòs, a herald, a cryer; Bęúxo, to eat, to swallow; ovxn, ficus, a fig-tree; oixov, ficus, a fig; qunis, a kind of fish ; Pinos, alga, sea weed; iginu, arceo, to drive away, to hinder.

7. Before a, in dover, a place of refuge; xivduha, a sort of instrument for building of ships; púan, tribe, race, or family; ihor, the same; an, a wood, or forest; póλaž, a guardian; xvλòs, juice; σφονδύλη and σπονδύλη, a kind of root or insect.

8. Before, in Supòs, mind, courage; with its compounds; as weólupos, ready; pvpów, to blame, to reprimand; appar, blame

less.

Likewise in verbals in va; as Juua, victim, sacrifice; xiua, waves, storm; ägтvμa, seasoning; λupa, the handle, or the middle part of the plow ; φίτυμα, fruit, plant ; μεῦμα or μνήμα, mark, or token.

In most of the verbs in vμι; as ζεύγνυμι, to join.

In the oblique cases and plural number of the pronouns of the second person; as μes, uv, vμív, iμãs, vos, vestrum, vobis,

9. Before, in rúm, Dor. for aù, tu; Aintvrz, Diana; diras, Hesych. impetus, a violent motion; éveúbvros, accountable to no body; nivduvos, danger; gxvros, the name of a fish; Evròs, common, and such like compounds of où; y, a woman, with its compounds; mún, pretext, excuse, Odyss. 9.

10. Before, in ygunès, hooked; λúπn, sadness; Tavúmus, broadfooted.

11. Before in άγκυρα, anchor, or the name of a town; άλιμο gns, salt, beaten by the sea, or falling into the sea with a noise; yiquça, a bridge; yugos, a circle; niúgn, a sort of instrument; xugos, authority; aquga, spoils, or booty; öruga, a sort of grain; óvóyvços, a sort of herb; anugos, the tree or plant, of which paper was made; wirugor, bran; whyugis, the ebbing of the sea; wugos, wheat; ovgry, a flute; opúçz, a hammer; Tugòs, cheese.

In a word, all the nouns in vgos, that have a long syllable before the penultima, whether by position, or by nature; as dugos, miserable; loxvgòs, strong.

In all verbs in vgw: as pugw, to mix, to knead; view, to drag, to draw.

12. Before it is almost always long, excepting verbals in vas, which have it short; as aves, loosening; quoi, nature; xioıç, fusio, infusion, pouring out; and such like.

13. Before it is long in verbals in úrns, vrng, and Cris; and janvurns, an informer; unvurns, the same: webris, an old woman. Likewise in adanguros, not cried for, not wept for; áÿτň, a noise; Baλuròs, tempus vespertinum, the evening; ywguros, a quiver; Km suròs, Cocytus, a river of hell; λúrwę, solutor, a deliverer; unviTwe, an adviser; þúrwę, a deliverer ; furn, ruta, rue, a kind of herb; φυτος,, drawn ; σκῦτος, skin.

14. Before, in xíλupos, the bark, or rind, the shell; xvpòs, crooked; xúpwr, a sort of punishment: ripw, astringo, to squeeze, to press, to bind fast: ripw, to burn, to smoak: 5õpos, tow; rūpes, smoak, pride, arrogance.

15. Before x, in ἔμψυχος, vitalis, vital; τοιχωρύχος, which batters the walls; Tuμbwexes, a robber of sepulchres: and in all the verbs in uxw; Teuxw, attero, to break, to spoil; Beixw, frendeo, strideo, to fume, to gnash with one's teeth: and in Bevxn, stridor, noise; Jux, the soul; reixos, a carving tool; igens, one that makes a great noise.

16. It is common in igvxw, to draw back, to hinder; vwvuμ», unknown; vdwg, aqua; and in the greatest part of the verbs in uw.

1.

CHAP. IV.

Of the common Vowels at the End of Words.

Τ

Of A final.

IT is long in the feminines taken from the masculine in os; as Sinaia, just, from díxxios; ágía, holy; άgxaíx, ancient; olxría, domestic; aingia, of iron; xalaga, pure.

The following three poetics are excepted: wórnia, venerable; wisuga, ripe; dĩa, divine; which their accent sheweth.

2. In all nouns in ía; as pixía, friendship; oopía, wisdom; impía, desire, cupidity; isoía, power; nyeμovía, government; icogía, history; waria, poverty; Karadoxia, Cappadocia; raλaria, Galatia.

3. In nouns in ue, proceeding from verbs in uw; as Baσinsia, kingdom, reign, royal power; from Bachtów, to reign; deλiïa, serviude, from Suasów. But the others in a are short; as Bacha, a queen, taken from Baoikeus, a king; áλndua, truth, coming from aàOns, true; likewise 'Aaravoguia, Alexandria, and the rest.

4. In those in da, da, ça; as Arda, a proper name; Mágła, Martha; uiga, the day; xiça, a place, or country; xa, joy.

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5. In

5. In those preceded by two consonants; as aves, booty or spoils; wiren, a rock.

6. In several nouns in aía, of two or more syllables; as vaia, the moon; Maia, the mother of Mercury; 'Amaia, Minerva, which appears always by the accent; for if a final was short, the penultima, as we shall shew hereafter, would be circum Rexed.

7. In the vocatives of proper names in a of the parisyllabic de clension, as Alvíz. But the vocative of nouns inn is short; as iweophrns, a prophet, & weophra.

8. In the vocatives also of proper names imparisyllabic; as Пákλa; 6 Pallas. But in appellatives the vocative is short.

9. In the dual of parisyllabics that follow the feminine; as rà μsoa, two muses; rù Alvia, two Æneas's, &c.

10. A final is long in imparisyllabic masculines acuted; as TITY, Пáv, Пáv. But the compounds of this last are short; as σύμπαν, all.

11. In Xian, valdè, very much; Evav, Evan, an exclamation of joy.

12. In the accusative singular of parisyllabic masculines; as Avíar, Æneam. But the feminines are short; as μar, musam. Wherein it always conforms to the quantity of the nominative.

13. In monosyllables in ag; as xaag, caput, the head; ag, a starling. But the conjunction yag is short, and generally all other words terminating in ag, except the masculines and feminines. For, according to Neander, all nouns of those two genders that end in a liquid, make the last syllable long, except páxag, happy, and daug, uxor, a wife.

14. In the masculines in as, that are not accented on the last; as Alvias, Æneas; as also wãs, all, and its compounds.

Except piyas, great, and λãxs, a stone. Likewise nouns derived from xreavvów; as nças, the head, the flesh; edinças, hippoA sort of compounded wine.

cras.

15. The nominative and genitive singular of parisyllabic nouns in as, together with the accusative plural, as well of the said nouns, as of those in a, have a long; as ὁ Πυθαγόρας, το Πυθαγόρα, τὰς Πυθαγόρας; τῇ Αἰνεία, for Αἰνεία; τῆς ἡμέρας, dici, and τὰς ἡμέρας, dies, the days; Tñs Tiμaç for Tiμns, honeris, and ràs Tipais, homores: though sometimes we find these accusatives shortened by licence. The poets moreover do frequently shorten the accusatives of the pronouns ἡμέας, nos ; and ὑμέας, υος.

16. The masculine participles in as are long, whence a conti nues long in the penultima of the feminines, as we have observed above: as, aoa, qui and quæ verberavit; içàs, stans; çàs qui stetit; womas, qui fecit. But their neuter in av makes the last short; as piña, &C.

Of I final.

1. I is long in the names of the letters §î, dî, pî, wî.

2. In the demonstrative additions of the Attics: Ter, this: dev gi, here: vuvi, nunc, now, śreσì, this here.

3. In dissyllables acuted: xmuis, a boot or stacking; oppayis, a seal: likewise spatiŵris, a woman that bears arms.

4. In nouns of a double termination: axris, axriv, the sun-beam : danpis, dengir, a dolphin; pir, fis, naris, the nostril.

5. In the obliques of nouns in is or w, os, either of the foregoing nouns, as piv, pivòs; or of others, as xis, xiòs, a small worm; except rís, quis.

Of r final.

1. It is long in the names of the letters μõ, vỡ.

2. In rù, for où, tn, thou.

3. In adverbs in v; μeraži, among; μoony, in the middle ; except årring, on the contrary, opposite, which is common.

4. In the imperfect and aorist of verbs in ; as ideíxvuv, I did

shew.

5. In nouns of a double termination; as popxùs, and çópxuv, a sea-god.

6. In the accusative of nouns that have the nominative long, those two cases being always equal with regard to the quantity of the last syllable; as, a mouse: iv, mud.

7. In the nouns in ve, we, ignis, fire; páprve, a martyr, a

witness.

8. In monosyllables in vs; as μõs, a mouse; ovs, a hog.

9. In substantives which, having the final acuted or circumflexed, are declined in os pure; axhis, a fog; inùs, mud; Trbùs, Tethis, a proper name; us, misery; &ppus, the eye-brow; mdus, the belly.

CHAP. V.

Two Observations concerning the Quantity of Nouns and Verbs.

TH

HOUGH what has been hitherto said may suffice, in regard to the quantity of nouns and verbs, as well as to every thing else, yet we shall adjoin here two observations, in order to give still a more particular knowledge thereof.

I. Of the oblique Cases of Nouns.

1. The article makes a long in the feminine of the dual, and in` the accusative plural of the feminine, tà, ras.

2. The genitive singular and the accusative plural of parisyllabics, have a long: s bias, of the truth; ràs áλndrías, the truths.

3. The final quantity of the nominative is retained in the oblique cases of nouns that increase; as pópxvv, pópuvvos, a sea-god. We must except, first, the nouns in vg, which have u short in the obliques, contrary to the nature of the nominatives; as we

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πυρός