RULE VI.

Of the Genitive plural of Parisyllabics following the

feminine Article.

1. All other nouns of the feminine article take a circumflex in the genitive in av:

2. But the adjective in os gives to its feminine, in lbis case, the accent of the masculine.

EXAMPLES.

1. Besides the nouns just now mentioned, all those that are declined like the feminine article, of whatsoever gender they be, and whatsoever accent they have in the nominative, are circumflexed on the last of the genitive in av, that is, of the plural; as ὁ ταμίας, a steward: ταμιῶν: ἡ ἀκανθα, a thorn : ἀκανθῶν: βαρεῖα, heavy: βαριών.

2. Nevertheless the adjectives in os always retain the same ac-, cent in this case, as well for the masculine as for the feminine; as ayos, holy; genitive plural dylwv, sanctorum; ñ ávíz, holy; genitive plural ayiwv, (and not dywv) sanctarum. Obros, he; avin, she; genitive plural τέτων, for all genders. Σφέτερος, σφετέρα, suus, sua, theirs; genitive plural oerigwv, as well for the masculine as the feminine.

RULE VII.

Monosyllables declined with Increase. 1. Monosyllables declined with Increase bave the final syllable of the genitive and dative circumflexed, if it happens to be long, and acuted, if it be short. 2. But participles, and rís interrogative, retain the accent on the same syllable:

3. Likewise τρῶς, θώς, δᾷς, πάς, ες, παῖς, and φῶς, in the genitive in wv, are acuted on the first syllable. EXAMPLES.

1. Monosyllables declined with increase, have always an accent on the last, in the genitive and dative of all numbers. And this accent is a circumflex, when the last syllable happens to be capable of it, that is to say, when it is long by nature; otherwise they have an acute.

In all other cases, the accent remains on the same syllable where it was in the nominative, pursuant to the first rule: but if it was an acute in the nominative, it is changed into a circumflex in these cases, when the syllable is long, because the syllable added by increase is there short, according to the analogy of the fourth rule.

Thus ἡ χεὶρ, the hand, makes χειρός, χειρὶ, χεῖρα, Dual χεῖρε, χειροῦν. Plural χεῖρες, χειρῶν, χερσί, χεῖρας,

To wug, the fire, makes wugos, wugi. Plural wiga, wugav, &c.

ΑΝΝΟΤΑΤΙΟΝ.

1. We likewise say ugà, incendia, burnings: and Pasor pretends, that te signify ignes, it is written just in the same manner, with the accent on the last, by reason of the letter, which draws the accent to it. But wvgà, ãs, pyra, is a funeral pile.

2. Nouns declined with a syncope, conform in some measure to the analogy of the preceding; as zúwv, a dog, xúovos, xuvòs, xurì, xùva, &c. because these cases are formed, as if the nominative was xv. It is pretty near the same thing in ἀνὴρ, a man, ἀνδρὶς, (instead of ἀνέρος,) ἀνδρὶ: πατὴρ, πατρὸς, πατρὶ. In like manner μητρός, μητρὶ: θυγατρὸς, θυγατρὶ: from μήτηρ, and θυγάτης, though these are accented on the penultima. In the dual Soyarge, plural genitive Duyarga: but the dative Duyargar has the accent on the penultima. For the other cases of these nouns, see Rule II. Annot, numb. 3.

Ton, mulier, a woman, takes its cases from the unusual nominative yuvai, and follows this analogy, having the accent on the last in the genitives and datives, γυναικός, γυναικὶ, γυναικῶν, γυναιξὶ.

2. The monosyllable participles, and the interrogative rís, re tain the accent on the same syllable in the genitive and dative, as well as in the other cases: w, ens, being, övros, övti, övta, &c. Jeis, having put, divros: qùs, born, produced, póvros, &c.

Tís, quis? who? Tivos, Tivi, Tiva, &c. But when it is not interrogative, but indefinite, it is accented on the last: ris, aliquis, somebody, Tivos, Tivi, Tià, &c.

ANNOTATION.

Sometimes however, when it is neither interrogative, nor properly indefinite, being rather instead of the relatives, as we have observed in the preceding book, it has also the accent on the penultima: λáxwuw rivos isα, fortiamur cujus sit, let us see whose it shall be: x ÿòu ríves sioìv, he did not know who they were.

3. There are likewise some particular nouns that have an acute accent on the first in the genitive plural: Tews, plural gen. Tęwww, Trojanorum, of the Trojans : Sàs, fax, a torch, Tŵr dadwr: & dus, lyx, τῶν θώων: φῶς, lumen, πῶν φώτων, to distinguish it from φῶτων, from the noun pas, vir, a man, though some write also prav, virorum. But av comes from the plural ai pades, red spots in the legs, caused by being too near the fire: was, all, wártwv: tò és, tõ ὠτος, the car; plural τῶν ὤτων: παῖς, a child, τῶν παίδων.

ANNOTATION.

We might have mentioned some others, which are not much used, or concerning which there are different opinions; as i xhvns, a wild boar, tân xλśvar; ὁ χρήσης, an usurer, των χρήτων, &c. We likewise say λάων, κράτων, from aᾷ, ¿, a stone ; xgãs, Tò, the head, &c.

RULE VIII.

Of the Accent of contracted Words.

The circumflex accent is on contracted words, when it results from an acute joined with a grave: otherwise it remains as it was before, as in φιλεοίμην, Φιλοίμην.

EXAMPLES.

Those syllables, which have no accent over them, are supposed be barytons, that is, to have a grave; as in the last of rule,

to

to beat; and in the last of pinew, to love: because, as we have made appear in the foregoing chapter, the voice which was raised on the precedent syllable, must necessarily sink on these.

Therefore if in contraction you join a syllable marked with an acute, such as ('), to the following, on which you suppose a grave. (); from these two there results a circumflex, which, as we have observed, is a compound of both, and used to be marked even with the connexion of these two accents, thus (^), till it came afterwards to be rounded in this manner (~). Hence of se, you make φιλῶ, of φιλέετον, φιλεῖτον, &c. In like manner in the nonns;

poos, vès, the mind; yix, y, the earth, &c. But if the contraction is formed from any thing besides an acute before a grave, this figure (^) cannot result, and consequently the accent will remain the same as before; as in soiμını, pihaljine, that I had loved: πλήρεις, πλήξεις, pleni, full : εςακώς, έςαώς, ότώς, stans, standing: yeyaws, yeye, natus, born.

ANNOTATION.

1. From this rule we may infer, that the greatest part of those nouns, which have a circumflex on the last, are formed by contraction. For example, in the parisyllabic declension, the masculines in, as 'Egun, from Equias, Mercury, 'Aziaans from 'Amxins, Apelles, &c.

The feminines in or in ; as 'Alava for 'Alavéa, &c. yñ for yía, the earth; Xeurn for xevoía, golden.

Those in s and in from vées, the mind; osv from isis, a bone, &c. There are also a great many in the imparisyllabic declension; as xng, sg, g, from wing, the heart; size, fat; lug, the spring; Tips from Tiktais, precious 3 When froni wλaxis, a cake; Пer, from Пeguddom, Neptune, &c.

But there are still several others in this declension, as those in as the monosyllables in, genit. : those in us, g, , and those in w, re, which are circumflexed upon the last, though they are not formed by contraction; vaus, a ship; Bos, an ori pôs, a mouse; vg, fire; ww, fearful, &c.

As, a torch, admits of a circumflex, according to Suidas, as coming from dais, though others commonly write ds,, pretending that we ought to say d, with the accent on the last.

2. Some except from the rule all the accusatives of the feminine contracts in s and w, which never admit of a circumflex on the last after contraction; as Thy aidóa, aidu, pudorem, bashfulness; thy pew, simiam, an ape.

The same observation they make also in the neuter dual of the parisyllabic masculines in s that are contracted; as vów, v, minds; tu xevora, XOUSE, duo aurci, two golden crowns. Several adjectives of the same declension and termination, particularly the derivatives of names of metals, having an acute on the antepenultima, require, nevertheless, a circumflex after contraction through all their cases; as χρύσεις, χρυσός, χρύσια, χρυσά, χρύσεον, χρυσέν; golden, from χρυσές, gold; σιδήριος, σιδηρός, of iron, χάλκιος, χαλκός, brazen ¿gjúptos, ¿eyʊpus, of silver; va poribèra, poreda, leaden. Likewise some others; as λives, si in, ñ; sey, *, of thread, woguetes, us, of purple; porvixeos, Paivixõs, puniceus.

The same is practised in regard to some substantives; as i dλideos, ūs, fatris filius, a nephew on the brother's side; vyzrpidios, 4, filiæ filius, a grandchild on the daughter's side.

But we must except the compound nouns, which, as we shall observe in the 11th Rule, always draw back the accent: thus from μva comes diu, of two ounds weight, or worth. From pa's, ps, a course, or stream, comes αpes, having a fine scream. From xéos, lanugo, comes axvus, sine lanugine, îmberb's, &c.

Aag is irregular, for having the accent on the penultima, it throws it back when contracted, as fans, thick, close.

RUL

RULE IX.

Of Prepositions, and of Words that have the last Syllable cut off.

1. Prepositions have the accent on the last Syllable: 2. But when they follow their case, the accent is drawn back.

3. Except 'Avà and dià.

4. They all lose their accent, when the final syllable is cut off..

5. A declinable word losing its final syllable, does not lose its accent, but draws it back.

EXAMPLES.

1. Prepositions of two syllables have also the accent on the last ; as anò, ab, from: waga, with, from: vi, in, among poets.

But in syncopated for ἔνεσι, μέτα for μέτεςι, παρὰ for πάρεςι, &c. retain the accent of the word from which they are taken, and which may be considered as their primitive, according to what we have said in the first rule.

2. The prepositions draw back their accent to the penultima, when they are preceded by the case which they govern; as Terwy wig, concerning this: Alos waga, from Jupiter. In like manner quano, from whom he sprung.

3. But dia and avà, per, do not draw back the accent; and the reason is, that they may be distinguished from the vocative, ava, 6 rex; and from the accusative, Tor Aía, Jovem, Jupiter.

4. Prepositions lose their accent, when there is an elision of the syllable on which it was marked; as wag' us, from me: xar' av@gwTỡ, against the man.

5. But when this elision happens to a declinable word, the accent which was on the last is drawn back to the penultima, and always continues acute, even if this penultima should happen to be long, because the last is no longer considered; as in won' ex, I have many things: deiv' enaber, he has suffered hardships: xañéπ", isi, they are difficult.

ος

RULE X.

Of Nouns in os formed from the preterperfect Middle. 1. Nouns in os formed from the preterperfect middle, and joined to another noun, raise the penultima when active:

2. And the antepenultima when passive.

EXAMPLES.

1. Nouns in os, compounded of a preterperfect middle and at noun, have the accent on the penultima, when they are taken

actively; as gohoyos, a prater, a chatterer; argofóros, a mur. derer; olxovouos, one that has care of a family; çoxtóvos, one that kills with a sword; horgopos, one that maintains the people; nos, the mother of God; eßinos, a stone-flinger; ixtropayos, a fish

cater.

2. But when they are taken passively, the accent is thrown back on the antepenultima; as ixbuiçayos, one who is devoured by fish; 28660s, one that is struck with a stone: Ozóroxos, born of God; Axorgopos, maintained by the people.

ANNOTATION.

If they are compounded of a preposition, they draw back the accent to the antepenultima; as xarákoyos, a catalogue or roll : dínodes, twice ploughed. Which agrees with the general analogyof the compounds of the following rule. RULE XI.

Of Words compounded with some Particles. Nouns compounded with a, eu, dus, ixò, di, draw back the accent to the antepenultima.

EXAMPLES.

Compound words often draw back the accent to the antepenultima, and particularly those compounded with some particles; as copos, ignorant, imprudent, from copos, wise; mais, one that has good children, from wxis, a son or daughter; dvougeros, hard to find; nardgos,, ǹ, a woman subject to her husband; divxos, doubleminded. In like manner avrixeiros antichrist; øvrdeños, a fellowservant; eggyos, curious; naráσnoños, a spy, &c.

To these we may add the compounds of two nouns; as i pos, a philosopher, from píños, a friend, and copòs, wise; Snuxexos, a ruler of the people; dexahoyos, the decalogue. But here it will

not always hold true. For instance, we say with the accent on the last, wigmanns, very beautiful: andns, rough, unpleasant; siσeCs, pious; dons, impious; àgxiansns, a captain of robbers; Davperegyos, a worker of miracles; and others, which cannot be reduced to particular rules, but must be left to observation.

CHAP. VIII.

Of the ACCENTS of VERBS.

RULE XII.

General for all Tenses.

The accent of verbs is drawn back as far as it can go, except some particular rule interferes.

EXAMPLES.

HE most general rule that can be given for the accents of verbs, is, that they are always removed as far back as possible, that is, to the antepenultima, unless there be some particular