terminate in a, as in Latin. They are therefore de

clined thus:

N.V.A. G. D.Ab.

NV.A D.A.

| D.,

N.V.A. G. DAb,

P.

wi, οις,

τὸ ξύλον, lignum, το ξύλο, τῷ ξύλω, &c.

RULE IX.

The Attic manner of declining, which grammarians call the fourth declension of simple nouns. 1. The Attics use wc, av, for os, ov, and in all cases they put an w, subscribing the wherever they find it: 2. They likewise make the vocative the same as the

nominative.

EXAMPLES.

1. The Attics follow a particular manner of declining certain nouns, which is to change all the vowels or diphthongs of the preceding terminations, and even the of the neuter plural, into w, subscribing the wherever they find it.

เ

a

2. They likewise make the vocative the same as the nominative, as well here, as every where else. These nouns are declined thus:

Nouns in os that have

long in the penultima, change it here into ; as vaos, ves, templum: Aeds, λεως, populus. But if a be short, it continues; as κάλος, rudens, κάλως : ταὸς, ραυο, ταῖς: λαγός, lepus, pavo, λαγως.

ANNOTATION.
TATIO

There is one neuter noun in ws, viz. tò xgiws, debitum, rz χρίω; though τὸ χρεών, τα χρεώ, is also used. We likewise meet with rò ang in Philo, senii expers: To iHinew, in Plutarch, plenum.

The Attics often reject in the accusative, as in these five nouns; "Abws, Twy "Abw, mount Athos : ǹiw5, rhy kw, aurora : ǹ Kkws,

H

Ty Kiu, the isle of Ceos: Aayus, Tor Aayw, lepus: Kas, The Kay the isle of Cos: rov Ody Xew, Deum propitium, as in St. Gregory.

Hence it is, that the neuters in or lose their in the common tongue; as, aliud: Axero, tantum, tam grande natu: TOTO, tale: Torero, tantum: as also the article %, and some pronouns: of which hereafter.

But many of these nouns are also written with a v; as Torov, τοσῶτον, &c. τὸν ἄθων, Herod. τὸν λαγών, Plut. and others in the

same manner.

The common tongue has sometimes affected to Atticize, by forming the vocative like the nominative; ros, heus tu: Oros; whence comes the Latin & Deus, &c.

The Latins have likewise imitated this Attic form of declining, by saying Lethum Androgeo, Virg. ad montem Atho, Liv. Ego quidem sum Pauli, ego vero Apollo, 1 Cor. i. where Apollo is a genitive from the nominative 'Amoλs, and the same may be said of the rest. See the Latin method.

Observations on the dialects.

The Ionics make the genitive in 010; λoye, Adyaro. The Dorics change into w, not only in the genitive singular, but also in the accusative plural; τω λόγω, τὰς λόγως. But sometimes they use only an omicron, λoyos: and this termination agrees with that of the nominative, Aoyos, and may be moreover an Attic vocative, Ο λόγος.

The genitive and dative dual assume an before ; Xoyon, λόγοιν. The Ionics add also a . to the dative plural, λόγοισι for Aoyo, as if it came from the singular, Ayoo, óyou. The poets add sometimes an o to the Attic genitive, το Μενελέω, Μενελέωο ; and sometimes they subscribe the ω; το Μίνω, Μίνως, oι Μίνωο, as if it came from the singular, Mívoro. All which may be seen at one view in the following table.

Table of the second parisyllabic declension, with its dialects.

CONTRACTED NOUNS.

These contracted nouns are as easy as the preceding, because like them they are contracted through all their cases, without suffering scarce any sort of change in their termination; as the following table will make appear.

.

EXAMPLES.

ανούς,

Ὁ νέος, νός, mens; τῇ νόα, να; τῷ νόῳ, νῷ; τὸν νόον, νοῦν, &c. In like manner its compounds, ὁ ἔννοος, ἔννες, benevolus; : amens, &c. δο ὁ ρόος, ῥους, fuxus, ὁ πλέος, πλούς, navigatio; ὁ χνόος, χνοῦς, lanugo; ὁ χρόος, χροῖς, cutis et corpus amictumn cute. And their compounds, as ὁ κατάρρους, κατάρρους, defluxus: ὁ καλίῤῥους, καλίβους, pulchrifuus, pulchra habens fluenta, &c.

In the same manner the Adjectives, ὁ ἁπλόος, ἁπλοῦς, simplex; διπλόος, διπλοῦς, duplex.

Their feminine follows the contraction of feminines, as we shall see hereafter.

The neuter is contracted in the same manner as the masculine, ex. cepting that, in the plural, of ta and on we make ä, τὰ ὀςέα, ὀςᾶ, Ossa ; τὰ χεύσου, χρυσά, aurea, &c,

But the compounds do not contact the three plural cases in a ; for we do not say ἔυνα, but levoa, benevola; in like manner, καλίῤῥοα, pulchrifua; ἔυπλος, navigatu facilia, c Even in the genitive we rather say, ἐυνόων, ἐυπλόων, thun ἐυνῶν, ἐυπλῶν, &c. For which we have the authority of Sylburgius, though this remark has escuped Gretser, Mocquot, and most of the grammarians.

Exos, salvus, is contracted thus: ggs, Tòw and Tò cáor, cãt, salvum, τὸς σάους and τὰς σάας, σως, salvos et salvas : also τὰ ván, vã, salva, which is hardly to be found any where but in Hesych. and Suid. The remaining cases are not contracted.

CHAP. V.

Of the imparisyllabic declension, which grammarians call the fifth of simple nouns. RULE X.

Terminations of this declension.

1. Nouns of the imparisyllabic declension have nine different endings.

2. Their singular increase is in os, i, a:

Their dual terminates in ɛ, ow

The plural in εs, wy, ol, as.

3. But in contracting, these terminations are often changed.

1. THIS

EXAMPLES.

HIS declension corresponds with the third of the Latins. It comprizes a great number of terminations; and these may be all reduced to nine; viz. four vowels, which are the three common, a, i, u, with w; and five consonants, viz. two liquids, v, ; two double, E, ↓; and 5.

ANNOTATION.

No Greek noun ends in 1, and those in ʼn are always feminine parisyllabies. None likewise ends in a mute, nor in λ, μ, or . And if we should meet with any nouns in those endings, we are to consider them as foreign and barbarous,

2. The terminations of the imparisyllabic cases are comprized in these few words, mentioned in the rule,

S. ὁ and ὦ Τιτάν, Τίία, το Τιτάνος, τῷ Τιτᾶνι, τὸν Τιτᾶναι.

D. τω Τιτάνε, τον Τιτάνσιν.

P. of and ᾧ Τιτάνες, τῶν Τιτάνων, τοῖς Τιτᾶσι, της Τιτάνας.

But in contracting, there is frequently a change in the termination of the cases of this declension, as we shall see more particularly hereafter.

RULE XI.

Of the' vocative.

1. The vocative is generally like the nominative. 2. But sometimes it differs, by assuming a short vowel, by casting offs, or by taking a v.

EXAMPLES.

1. The vocative is generally like the nominative; as & Tirav, & Tiràv, Titan: & and duas, vinculum: and λuràs, a lamp: & and Kapas, Clemens: and Esvov, Xenophon, &c.

2. Nevertheless it frequently admits of some dif ference, which may be reduced to three classes: 1. By putting a short vowel instead of the long vowel of the nominative; which happens,

τέλεν.

1. To adjectives in ; Tégy, tener, a TéREY. 2. To barytonous nouns (that is, which have no accent marked on the last) in yę: ǹ μúτng, mater, ὦ μήτερ: ἡ θυγάτης, filia, ὦ θύγατες: ἡ Δημήτης, ὦ Aure: where, for this very reason, the accent is changed or drawn back..

3. To these four oxytons, or that have an acute on the last; warng, pater, w wάTEg: Sang, levir, mariti frater, daeg: dung, vir, « aveg: owTng, servator, σώτες; though we meet also with ὦ σωτήρ.

4. To nouns in wv; ó ýỳ ý éhɛýpav, misericors, ❀ ¿neyμου: ὁ ̓Απόλλων: Apollo, ὦ Απολλον: ὁ Ποσειδῶν, Νeptu nus, ὦ Πόσειδον : ὁ καὶ ἡ κύων, canis, ὦ κύον. 1n like mariner comparatives; BEATív, melior, & BÉATION, &c. Some of these nouns in wv do not draw back the accent, as. Λακεδαίμων, Lacedemon, ὦ Λακεδαίμον, &c.

ولا

5. To barytons in we: "Entwe, Hector, 4 "Enrog παντοκράτως, omnipotens, ὦ παντοκράτορ.

3

6. To nouns in 45 of the first contracted declension; ο Δημοσθένης, Demosthenes, ὦ Δημόσθενες.

And among the Eol. according to the remark of Lascaris, w is always shortened in the vocative, even