EXAMPLES. 1. Adjectives of two terminations (except the Attic in as abovementioned) generally take a short vowel in the neuter. Thus the common in wv makes the neuter in ov; as udaipur, To Evdanov, felix. In the same manner the comparative; ô » ǹ μɛílwv, tò Herov, major and majus. The common in my makes ev ; as ᾧ καὶ ἡ ἄρσην, καὶ τὸ ἄρσεν, masculus, a, um: ὁ καὶ ἡ τέρην, καὶ τὸ τέρεν, tener, a, um : τέρεν feminine is scarce to be found but among the grammarians; wherefore it is better to say, Tégeiva, as we read it in Euripid. according to the preceding rule. The common in s makes es, and always belongs to the first of contracted nouns ; as ὁ καὶ ἡ ἀληθὴς, τὸ ἀληθὲς, verus. But those in s formed by contraction have three terminations. See above. ες, 2. The common in is makes ; » ǹ šuxagis, Tò ếuχαρί, gratus: ὁ καὶ ἡ Φιλόπατρις, τὸ Φιλόπατρι, studiosus patria. And these are generally compound nouns. The common in us makes u; δ' ἡ ἄδακρυς, τὸ ἄδακρυ, non lacrymans; and generally these are only compounds. 3. The common in ous makes oυν ; ὁ καὶ ἡ πολύπως, τὸ πολύπον, multipes. But ous contracted has three terminations.See above. ANNOTATION. Some writers, among whom Clenardus, place here other adjectives. of one termination only; as erat, rapax, μánap, beatus. But it is far more probable, that the Greeks have no such adjectives, and that the above mentioned are of the common gender only: for instead of ro ἅρπαξ, it is better to say τὸ ἁρπακτικὸν : and instead of τὸ μάκαρ, we choose to say rò iudaior. We even find paxapa in the feminine, beata, Vossius. Irregular adjectives. There are also irregular adjectives; as woλus, multus, accus. τὸν πολὺν, the neuter τὸ πολύ. The other cases, in whatsoever gender or number, are generally taken from woλos (which is sometimes to be met with) as το πολλοῦ, τῷ πολλῷ: ἡ πολλὴ, τῆς πολλῆς, τῇ πολλῇ, &c. But poets decline wous quite through, like dus, whence comes the genitive πολέος: the nominative plural πολέες, πολεῖς : the ge nitive πολέων: the accusative πολίας, πολεῖς. They say also in the nominative πουλύς. II. Of the variation of substantives. The substantives have also their formation or variation, for the distinction of sexes. The feminines derived from the parisyllabic masculines in "s, are formed, 1. In r; as from wpoprns, propheta, comes wporárns, præfectus, ὁ παρακόιτης, maritus, Exions, Scytha, 2. In rpía; as, Váλrns, psallere doctus, i wonτns, poeta, wpoñτis, prophetissa. * wρováτis, prafecta. ή παράκοιτις, uxor. ń Exvðis, mulier è Scythia, &c. Várpia, psaltria, wonтpia, poetria. 3. In ps; as from aanrns, tibicen, comes avantpis, tibicina; for which we say also αθλήτρια. From δεσπότης, dominus, comes δεσπότις, and δέσποινα, domina. This termination in ana takes place also in the parisyllabics in *s; as, ὁ λύκος, lupus, oxognios, scorpius, ἡ λύκαινα, lupa. σnáprava, scorpana piscis. Others terminate in or in a; as, • xvmnyòs, venator, n n déan, serva. ed: the poets say also Diana, Dea; and òs, in the feminine. ἡ ἀμνὶς, agna: nuvvnyis, venatrix. Those that are derived from the imparisyllabic declension, do also terminate generally in awa; line ends in wv. ¡ TixTwv, faber, ὁ θεράπων vel θέραψε famu- Aáxwv, Lacon, Spartanus, ο λέων, leo, Spáxav, draco mas, as likewise those whose mascu TixTana, fabricatrix. ή θεράπαινα and θεραπαινίς, fac mula. Máxava, Lacæna, n‹λlava, leana. Spanana, draco fæmina, &c. Or in ea, as those whose masculine ends in , 4, or σ. ¿ äraž, rex, dominus; ävaoσa, regina, regis uxor, soror, aut filia. pay, palumbus, párea, and Att. párra, palumba. Bàowers, rex, Baoíhooa, regina; for which we use also βασιλές and βασίλεια. ¿wims, pauper, ǹ winooa, pauper aliqua. And several gentiles; as ó Opat, Thrax, Ion. p, • Φοίνιξ, Phanis, There are also some that end in a, coming from ess; or in pa, coming from "; as, iEpEva, sacerdos; masc. ὁ σωτήρ, serontor, And the poetics. ὁ πρέσβυς, sener, é dorp, dator. From xs, vipera, masc. comes exidva, vipera, fœm. CHAP. X. Of the comparative and superlative degrees. Of their termination. 1. Regularly the comparative is in régos, and the superlative in τατος : 2. Irregularly they are in wy, and 50s. EXAMPLES. 5ος NOUNS are compared either regularly, or irre gularly. 1. Regularly the comparative is in Tegos, and the superlative in τατος; as ἅγιος, ἅγιώτερος, ἁγιώτατος, sanctus, sanctior, sanctissimus. 2. Irregularly they are formed in wv and cos; as nanòç, malus ; naníwv, pejor; nánicos, pessimus: and this is almost as much as is requisite to remark for beginners. Manner of forming the comparative. The manner of forming these comparatives and superlatives, as also the change that is sometimes made in the termination of the positive, may be easily learnt by the following examples, which we shall range according to their terminations. as: • piñas, peλávrepos, μehávratos, niger, nigrior, nigerrimus: which may be formed from the neuter μiñas, adding thereto repor and τατος. της : ὁ εὐσεβὴς εὐσεβέσερος, εὐσεβέσατos, pius, magis pius, piissimus: - from the neuter in Es, Tò svatbis. ΟΣ ὁ ἔνδοξος, gloriosus, ἐνδοξότερος, ἐνδοξότατος. ὁ πράος, mitis, πραότερος, πραότατος. ὁ σοφὸς, sapiens, σοφώτερος, σοφώτατος. These are all formed from the positive, changing a into τερος and τατος. 1 ως : εὐρὺς, latus, εὐρύτερος, εὐρύτατος : from the neuter in v. εις: ὁ χαρίεις, gratiosus, χαριέτερος, χαριέςατος: from the mascu line in uis, rejecting from the diphthong. ους: ὁ ἁπλῶς, simpler, ἁπλέςερος, ἁπλέςατος : from the positive in ous. ων: ὁ σώφρων, modestus, σωφρονέσερος, σωφρονέςατος: from the nominative plural in es. To these we may add also those in ap; as ὁ μάκαρ, beatus, μας κάρτερος, μακάρτατος. Those in os, preceded by a syllable long by nature or position, make ότερος and ότατος, with an όμικρον; as ἔνδοξος, πράος, above mentioned. And those which have a short syllable before os, make ώτερος and ώτατος, with an ὠμέγα; as ὁ σοφὸς above mentioned. But ὁ κενός, vacuus, makes κενότερος, κενότατος; and δενός, α gustus, σινότερος, δενότατος. Nevertheless we meet with κενώτερος and ξενώτερος in the best MSS. to which I think it safest to cone form. Some that have os, preceded by a doubtful vowel, will admit either of o or w; as ὁ ἴσος, æqualis, ἰσότερος or ἰσώτερος: ἱ ἱκανὸς, aptus, ικανότερος and ικανώτερος From πορφύριος, purpureus, is formed by syncope πορφυρώτερος, for -εώτερος : the same is also practised in regard to some others. ίςερος and ίςατος. To these regular comparisons we may refer those in içgos and ότατος, though formed irregularly; as, ὁ λάλος, loquax, λαλίτερος, λαλίςατος. And the Attics form a vast number of this sort; as, ὁ λάγνος, libidinosus, λαγνίζερος, λαγνίςατος. ὁ ὀλίγος, paucus, ὀλιγότερος, ολιγίςατος, and even ὀλίγιςος. Thus τερπνός, jucundus, makes τερπνότατος and τέρπνισος. ὁ ἀλαζών, superius, ἀλαζονίτερος, ἀλαζονίςατος. ὁ πιωχός, mendicus, πλω χίσατος. ὁ βλάξ, stupidus, βλακίζατος. ὁ ὀψοφάγος, obsoniorum amans, όψοφαγίςατος. ὁ ἀκρατής, intemperans, ἀκρατίςατος. ὁ ψευδής, mendar, ψευδέςατος. έςερος and έςατος. Some are also formed by the Attics, and even by the Ionics, in έτερος and έκατος; as, ὁ σπυδαῖος, studiosus, σπεδαιέςερος, σπυδαιέςατος. ὁ ἄφθονος, invidia expers, largus, ἀφθονέςερος, ἀφθονέςατος, whence Eupolis hath taken ἀφθονέςατον: just as Pind. hath ἀπονέσερον ; and Apollon. lib. iv. de Synt. πιθανέςερον. ὁ ἄκρατος, merus, non mixtus, ἀκρατέσερος, ἀκρατέςατος, &c. αίτερος and αίτατος, Some in aios are likewise formed by the Attics in αίτορος, αίτατος, by syncope; as, ὁ παλαιός, vetus, παλαίτερος, παλαίτατος. In the same manner, ὁ γεραιός, senex, ὁ σχολαῖος, tardus; and some others. This termination is found in some, without being syncopated; as ὁ ἴδιος, proprius, ἰδιαίτερος, ἰδιαίτατος. As also ὁ ήσυχος, quietus; ἴσος, aqualis ; μέσος, medius ; πλησίος, propinquus; όψιος, serus, &c. ὁ φίλος, amicus, forms by syncope φίλτερος and φίλτατος; and among poets φίλιςος. Att. φιλαίτερος and φιλαίτατος. ὁ πίπων, maturus, makes πεπαίτερος, πεπαίτατος. Irregular comparison. Among those compared irregularly, the following take av and 6505. ὁ καλὸς, pulcher, καλλίων, κάλλιςος. ὁ αἰσχρὸς, turpis, αἰσχίων (losing ς) αἴσχεος. ὁ οἰκτρὸς, miserabilis, οἰκτίων, οίκτιδος. ὁ ἐχθρὸς, inimicus, ἐχθίων, ἔχθισος. ὁ ράδιος, facilis, ῥαΐων (casting of δ) ῥάϊος, and by syncresis θάων, ῥᾷσος. In like manner those in vs, though they are also compared regularly. ὁ βαθύς, profundus, βαθύτερος, βαθύτατος, and βάθισος. But from w, is also cut off, and the preceding consonant changed into two σσ; βαθίων, βάσσων. In the same manner are compared βραδύς, tardus; γλυκὺς, dulcis; ἡδὺς, suavis; παχὺς, crassus, ταχύς, celer; ὠκὺς, velox; βραχὺς, brevis; and the like. Comparisons more irregular than the preceding. There are others still more irregular than the preceding; as ἀγαθὸς bonus; ἀμείνων, melior; from whence there is no superlative formed. melior, optimus, * from βύλομαι, as optimus from opto ; or from βέλτερος, melior, præstantior. b from κρατος, or κραταιός, fortise • from "Άρειος, Martius; "Αρης, Mars. • quem magis volumus. We sometimes meet with ἀγαθώτατος, as in Josephus and others, though it is rejected by Lucian, as well as κορυφαιότατος, whose positive κορυφαῖος has already the force of a superlative. Κακός, malus ; κακίων, pejor; κάκισος, pessimus. Likewise χείρων, or poetically χρεων, χείρισας, And sometimes κακώτερος, μέγας, magnus, μείζων, μέγισος. Μικρός, parvus, makes regularly μικρότερος, τατος. And moreover in {a} whence no superlative is formed. the comparative μείων Ἐλαχὺς, οι ἐλαχὸς, in Eust. parvus, ἐλάσσων, οι τίων, ἐμάχισος. Πολύς, multus, πλείων, πλείςος, for πολίων, πόλισος. Comparatives |