MEMOIRS

OF THE

LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL

SOCIETY OF MANCHESTER

THIRD SERIES.

SECOND VOLUME.

LONDON: H. BAILLIERE, 219 REGENT STREET, AND 290 BROADWAY, NEW YORK.

PARIS: J. BAILLIÈRE, RUE HAUtepeuille.

Sm 1865.

PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS,

RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.

CONTENTS.

ARTICLE

I. Observations of Comet I. 1861. By JOSEPH BAXENDELL, Esq.,

F.R.A.S.

PAGE

I

5

II. On the Irregular Barometric Oscillations at Geneva and on the

Great St. Bernard, and their relations to the Mean Tem-

perature and the Fall of Rain. By G. V. VERNON, Esq.,

F.R.A.S., M.B.M.S.

III.-Additional Observations on the Permian Beds of South Lanca-

shire. By E. W. BINNEY, V.P., F.R.S., F.G.S............................

IV.-On Putrefaction in Blood. By Dr. R. ANGUS SMITH, F.R.S., &c. 47

V.-On certain Scales of some Diurnal Lepidoptera. By JOHN

WATSON, Esq.

.......

VI.-On the Tongues of Mollusca. By THOMAS ALCOCK, M.D.

VII-On the Influence of the Seasons upon the Rate of Decrease of

the Temperature of the Atmosphere with Increase of Height,

in different Latitudes in Europe and Asia. By JOSEPH

BAXENDELL, Esq., F.R.A.S.

VIII-On the Direction of the Wind at Manchester, during the years

1849-1861, at 8 A.M. By G. V. VERNON, Esq., F.R.A.S.,

M.B.M.S.

IX-Note on a Differential Equation. By A. CAYLEY, Esq., M.A.,

X-On

F.R.S., Honorary Member of the Society

29

63

71

82

99

III

some Amalgams. By J. P. JOULE, LL.D., F.R.S., &c. ...... 115

XI.-On the Convective Equilibrium of Temperature in the Atmo-

sphere. By Prof. WM. THOMSON, M.A., LL.D., F.R.S., &c. 125

XII.-On the Relations between the Decrement of Temperature on

ascending in the Atmosphere, and other Meteorological

Elements. By Joseph Baxendell, Esq., F.R.A.S............. 132

XIII.—Memoir of the late Eaton Hodgkinson, F.R.S., F.G.S., M.R.I.A.,

Hon. Mem. R.I.B.A., Inst. C.E., Roy. Scot. Soc. Arts, and

Soc. Civ. Eng. Paris, Prof. of the Mech. Princ. of Engineering,

University College, London. By ROBERT RAWSON, Esq.,

Honorary Member of the Society

145

ARTICLE

PAGE

XIV.-On Non-modular Groups. By the Rev. THOMAS P. KIRKMAN,

M.A., F.R.S., and Honorary Member of the Literary and

Philosophical Societies of Manchester and Liverpool......... 204

XV.-Note on Differential Resolvents. By WILLIAM SPOTTISWOODE,

M.A., F.R.S. Communicated by the Rev. ROBERT Harley,

F.R.A.S.

XVI.-On a certain Class of Linear Differential Equations. By the

Rev. ROBERT HARLEY, F.R.A.S., Corresponding Member of

the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester

XVII. On the Influence of the Earth's Rotation on Winds. By

THOMAS HOPKINS, Esq., M.B.M.S.

227

232

246

XVIII.-On the New Red Sandstone and Permian Formations, as

Sources of Water-supply for Towns. By EDWARD HULL,

B.A., F.G.S., of the Geological Survey of Great Britain................. 256

XIX.-On Ocean Swell. By THOMAS HEELIS, Esq., F.R.A.S.

276

XX.-Notes on the Introduction of Steam Navigation. By J. C.

DYER, Esq.

XXI. On the Solution of the Differential Resolvent. By W. H. L.

RUSSELL, A.B. Communicated by the Rev. ROBERT HARLEY,

F.R.A.S.

XXII.-Note as to Two Events in the History of Steam Navigation.

By W. J. MACQUORN RANKINE, C.E., LL.D., F.R.S., Hon.

Mem. of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Man-

chester

284

296

301

XXIII. On the Planet Mars. By JAMES NASMYTH, Esq., C.E., in a

Letter to JOSEPH SIDEBOTHAM, Esq.

303

XXIV. On the Wave of High Water; with Hints towards a New

306

Theory of the Tides. By THOMAS CARRICK

XXV. On the Number of Days on which Rain falls annually in

London, from observations made during the fifty-six

years, 1807 to 1862. By G. V. VERNON, Esq., F.R.A.S.,

M.B.M.S.

XXVI.-On the Rain-fall at Oldham during the years 1836 to 1862.

By JOHN HEAP, Esq.; with Remarks by G. V. VERNON, Esq.,

F.R.A.S., M.B.M.S.

XXVII. Further Observations on the Carboniferous, Permian, and

Triassic Strata of Cumberland and Dumfries. By the Pre-

sident, E. W. BINNEY, F.R.S., F.G.S.

XXVIII.-On an Apparatus for Measuring Tensile Strengths, especially

of Fibres. By CHARLES O'NEILL, Esq., F.C.S.

XXIX.-Experiments and Observations upen Cotton. By CHARLES

O'NEILL, Esq., F.C.S.....

334

338

343

389

394