did not fear to face him when alive; the sneers of the courtier statesmen who found themselves and their petty policies swept by his strong hand for ever from the scene, the shrieks of the vile revolutionary rabble on whom he set his heel, need not make Englishmen shrink now from doing him justice in his glorious grave. APPENDIX. The Will of Mapoleon. This 15th of April 1821, at Longwood, Island of St. Helena. 1. I die in the Apostolical and Roman religion, in the bosom of which I was born more than fifty years ago. 2. It is my wish that my ashes may repose on the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people whom I have loved so well.1 3. I have always had reason to be pleased with my dearest wife, Maria Louisa. I retain for her, to my last moment, the most tender sentiments. I beseech her to watch, in order to preserve my son from the snares which yet environ his infancy. 4. I recommend to my son never to forget that he was born a French Prince, and never to allow himself to become an instrument in the hands of the triumvirs who oppress the nations of Europe: he ought never to fight against France, or to injure her in any manner; he ought to adopt my motto:-Everything for the French people. 5. I die prematurely, assassinated by the English oligarchy and its tool. The English nation will not be slow in avenging me. 6. The two unfortunate results of the invasions of France, when she had still so many resources, are to be attributed to the treason of Marmont, Augereau, Talleyrand, and Lafayette.2 I forgive them. -May the posterity of France forgive them as I do! 1 This wish remained unfulfilled till 1840, when the Government of Louis Philippe brought back Napoleon's body and deposited it in the Invalides; see the last chapter of this volume. 2 Marmont had destroyed all hopes of resistance in 1814 by taking over his corps to the enemy. Augereau had resisted the enemy in the south without any energy. Talleyrand had assumed the government in 1814, and had handed over all the foreign fortresses still held by France to the Allies. Lafayette in 1815 had stirred up the Chambers against the Emperor; see Du Casse, tome x. p. 234. 7. I thank my good and most excellent mother, the Cardinal, my brothers Joseph, Lucien, Jérôme, Pauline, Caroline, Julie, Hortense, Catherine, Eugène, for the interest they have continued to feel for me. I pardon Louis for the libel he published in 1820; it is replete with false assertions and falsified documents. 8. I disavow the Manuscript of St. Helena, and other works, under the title of Maxims, Sayings, etc., which persons have been pleased to publish for the last six years. Such are not the rules which have guided my life. I caused the Duc d'Enghien to be arrested and tried because that step was essential to the safety, interest, and honour of the French people, when the Comte d'Artois was maintaining, by his own confession, sixty assassins at Paris. Under similar circumstances I should act in the same way.2 II. 1. I bequeath to my son the boxes, orders, and other articles, such as my plate, field-bed, arms, saddles, spurs, chapel-plate, books, linen which I have been accustomed to wear and use, according to the list annexed (A). It is my wish that this slight bequest may be dear to him, as recalling the memory of a father of whom the universe will discourse to him. 2. I bequeath to Lady Holland3 the antique cameo which Pope Pius VI. gave me at Tolentino. 3. I bequeath to Count Montholon two millions of francs, as a proof of my satisfaction for the filial attentions he has paid me during six years, and as an indemnity for the losses his residence at St. Helena has occasioned him. 1 "The Cardinal" was Fesch, half-brother of Napoleon's mother (by a second marriage of her mother). "Julie" was Julie Clary, the wife of Joseph Bonaparte. "Catherine" was the daughter of the King of Würtemberg and wife of Jérôme Bonaparte. The end of all these persons is given in the chapter of this work headed the "Cent Jours." 2 This work, Manuscrit Venue de Sainte Hélène d'une manière inconnue (London, Murray; Bruxelles, De Mat, 1817), was really written by the Marquis Lullin de Chateauvieux (Metternich, vol. i. p. 312). See Savary (tome ii. pp. 377-378) as to the view that this statement about the Duc d'Enghien is not to be taken literally, but rather as a protest against the idea of any of Napoleon's functionaries daring such an act without his orders. His judgment might be deceived, but his power could not be trifled with. 3 Lord and Lady Holland had been perseveringly kind in sending to St. Helena all that could alleviate the weariness of Napoleon's captivity. 4 Count Montholon afterwards accompanied the nephew of Napoleon, Prince (afterwards the Emperor) Louis Napoleon, in his attempt on Boulogne in 1840. When tried the Count declared that he who had received the last sigh of the martyr of St. Helena, and who had closed his eyes, could not abandon his nephew; he was sentenced to twenty years' detention, but pardoned after the escape of the Prince. of the French. He only died in 1853, seeing Louis Napoleon Emperor The Will of Napoleon. 541 4. I bequeath to Count Bertrand 1 five hundred thousand francs. 5. I bequeath to Marchand, my chief valet de chambre, four hundred thousand francs. The services he has rendered me are those of a friend; it is my wish that he should marry the widow, sister, or daughter of an officer or soldier of my Old Guard. 6. Item. To Saint-Denis one hundred thousand francs. 7. Item. To Novarre (Noverraz) one hundred thousand francs. 8. Item. To Peyron one hundred thousand francs. 9. Item. To Archambaud fifty thousand francs. 10. Item. To Corsor twenty-five thousand francs. 11. Item. To Chandell the same.2 12. To the Abbé Vignale 3 one hundred thousand francs. It is my wish that he should build his house near the Ponte Novo de Rostino. 13. Item. To Count Las Cases one hundred thousand francs. 14. Item. To Count Lavallette 5 one hundred thousand francs. 15. Item To Larrey, surgeon-in-chief, one hundred thousand francs. He is the most virtuous man I have known. 1 General Comte Henri Gratien Bertrand, a distinguished engineer officer, had taken the post of Grand Maréchal du Palais when Duroc was killed in 1813. He accompanied Napoleon to St. Helena, and in 1840 was one of the Commission sent out by the French Government to bring back the body of Napoleon. His body now lies close to that of the master to whom he was alike faithful in good and bad fortune. 2 Marchand, Saint-Denis, Novarre, Peyron, Archambaud, and Corsor had all accompanied Napoleon to St. Helena, and were sent in 1840 as part of the expedition to bring back the body of the Emperor to France. Chandell came out as cook with the Abbés and Antommarchi in 1820; see note at p. 383. 3 The young Abbé Vignale had been sent out in 1820 by Cardinal Fesch with the Abbé Buonavita, who had returned to Europe in March 1821. Vignale had performed the last rites for Napoleon. The Comte (Dieudonné) de Las Cases, originally a naval officer, had retired to England during the Revolution, where he composed his historical Atlas, under the name of "Le Sage" (Mémorial, tome iii. p. 279), but re-entered France during the Consulate and became one of the Chamberlains of Napoleon. He accompanied Napoleon to St. Helena, but was ordered away by Sir Hudson Lowe in 1816, when he himself was anxious to return to Europe, partly for the health of his son and partly to plead the cause of Napoleon. Arrived in Europe he tried to induce the Sovereigns of the Alliance to intervene in the treatment of Napoleon, but failed. He wrote the Mémorial de Sainte Hélène, not to be confused with the Manuscrit mentioned in the note on p. 540. Emmanuel, who was with him at St. Helena, was the Las Cases who accompanied the expedition to bring back the body in 1840. His son, 6 Lavallette had married a niece of Josephine, but the mention of him here is due to his condemnation by the Bourbons; see p. 461 of this volume. • Baron Jean Dominique Larrey served as surgeon with Napoleon for many years, earning a high reputation with the army for his skill, courage, and devotion. This gift is due to the fact mentioned in the Mémorial, tome vi. pp. 371-374. Napoleon in 1813 became uneasy at the number of conscripts who were found after the battles injured in their hands, and who were believed to have maimed themselves purposely to avoid service. Larrey opposed this belief, and eventually, 16. Item. To General Brayer1 one hundred thousand francs. 17. Item. To General Lefebvre-Desnouettes2 one hundred thousand francs. 18. Item. To General Drouot3 one hundred thousand francs. 19. Item. To General Cambronne1 one hundred thousand francs. 20. Item. To the children of General Mouton Duvernet one hundred thousand francs. 21. Item. To the children of the brave LabédoyèreR one hundred thousand francs. 22. Item. To the children of General Girard, killed at Ligny, one hundred thousand francs. 23. Item. To the children of General ChartranR one hundred thousand francs. braving Napoleon's anger at his interference, proved that the injuries were caused by the inexperience of the men who, when in the rear ranks, fired against the hands of those in front,- -a thing easy to do in the three and four deep formation of the French. 1 General Brayer, with General Travôt, had been employed in 1815 in putting down the Royalist insurrection in La Vendée, and was exempted from the amnesty. He was condemned to death on the 18th of September 1816, but he had escaped abroad. See Vaulabelle's Histoire des deux Restaurations, tome iii. p. 3, and tome IV. p. 210. 2 General Comte Charles Lefebvre-Desnouettes, with the Lallemands, had attempted an émeute before Napoleon reached Paris, and was exempted from the amnesty and condemned to death. After fighting at Waterloo he fled to America, helped to form the Champ d'Asile in Texas (see p. 450), and perished in 1822 in a shipwreck on his passage to England. 3 Drouot had accompanied Napoleon to and from Elba, and after Waterloo was retained by Davoust with the army as his influence with the Guard was important to keep that body in subjection to the Bourbons. He was tried by the Bourbons on 6th April 1816, but as he had never taken service under them three members out of seven of the Court acquitted him, and the charge thus, by French military law, dropped (Vaulabelle, tome iv. pp. 193-195). See Napoleon's remarks on him in the Mémorial, tome ii. p. 369 and tome iv. p. 309; also the note in Alison, chap. lxxv. para. 51, on Drouot's religious character. He took no further part in affairs. Lacordaire himself pronounced his funeral sermon. 4 General Baron de Cambronne, a rough old soldier, was in the same position as Drouot, and was tried on 20th April 1816, but the Court acquitted him (Vaulabelle, tome iv. pp. 195-197). 6 General Baron Mouton Duvernet, a distinguished General of Division, exempted from the amnesty, after remaining a year in concealment gave himself up, and was tried on 15th July and shot at Lyons on 29th July 1816 (Vaulabelle, tome iv. p. 207). • Charles Huchet, Comte de Labédoyère, Colonel of the 7th Regiment, at garrison in Grenoble in 1815, brought his regiment over on the approach of Napoleon. He was tried on 14th August and shot on 19th August 1815, his widow having to pay the men who shot him; see Vaulabelle, tome iii. pp. 455-466. 7 Napoleon said to Girard's widow at Malmaison, "If all my generals had acted like the brave Girard I should not be here" (Du Casse, tome vii. p. 15). 8 General Chartran had been sent by Napoleon, when he returned from Elba, to the south, where he stopped the efforts of De Vitrolles to form a Royalist Government and centre of resistance, and escorted Vitrolles to Vincennes; see Vitrolles, tome ii. pp. 407, 435. Although not exempted from the amnesty he |