and the distance 79 four-pole chains. Under 35o. 15' or 351 degrees, and opposite 79, we find 64. 52 for the latitude, and 45. 59 the departure, which signify that the end of that station differs in latitude from the beginning 64. 52 chains, and in departure 44. 59 chains.

Note, We are to understand the same things if the distance is given in perches or any other measures, the method of proceeding being exactly the same in every case.

Again let the bearing be 543 degrees, and distance as before; then over said degrees we find the same numbers, only with this difference, that the lat. before found, will now be the dep. and the dep. the lat. because 544 is the complement of 331 degrees to 90, viz. lat. 45. 59. dep. 61. 52.

2. Suppose the same course, but the distance 7 chains 90 links, or as many perches. Here we find the same numbers, but the decimal point must be removed one figure to the left.

Thus, under 35), and in a line with 79 or 7.9, are

Lat. 6. 45
Dep. 4. 56

the 5 in the dep. being increased by 1, because the 9 is rejected; but over 54we get

Lat. 4. 56
Dep. 6. 45

3. Let the course be as before, but the distance 7. 79, then opposite

1

THEO. II.

When the first Meridian passes through the Map.

If the east meridian distances in the middle of each

line be multiplied into the particular southing, and the west 'meridian distances into the particular northing, the sum of these products will be the area of the map.

Let the figures abkm be a map, the lines ab, bk, to the southward, and km, ma, to the northward, NS the first meridian line passing through the first station a.

These four areas amtaw +xp+gl will be the area of the whole figure cmswiprlc, which is equal to the area of the map

ablom. Complete the figare. The parallelograms am and oue, are made of the east meridian distances dz and tu, multiplied into the southings ao and ox. The parallelograms xp and gl are composed of the west meridian distances ef and le multiplied into the northings xg and ga (my) but these four parallelograms are equal to the area of the map; for if from them be taken the four triangles marked Z, and in the place of those be subsisted the four triangles marked 0, which are equal to the former; then it is plain the area of the map will be equal to the four pa. rallelograms. Q. E. D.

THE0. III.

If the meridian distance when east, be multiplied into

the southings, and the meridian distance when west be multiplied into the northings, the sum of these less by the meridian distance when west, multiplied into the southings, is the area of the survey.

Let a b c be the map.

cz or ya.

The figure being completed, the rectangle af, is made of the meridian distance eq when east, multiplied into the southing an; the rectangle yk is made of the meridian distance xw, multiplied into the northing

These two rectangles, or parallelograms, af+yk, make the area of the figure dfnyikd, from which taking the rectangle oy, made of the meridian distance tu when west, into the southing oh or bm, the remainder is the area of the figure dfohikd, which is equal to the area of the map.

Let bou=Y, urih=L, ric=0, wrc=Z, akw=K, and efb=B, ade=A. I say, that Y+Z+B=K+L+A.

'

Y=L+0, add Z to both, then Y+Z=L+0+2; ; but Z+0=K, put K instead of Z+0, then Y+Z=L +K, add to both sides the equal triangles B and A, then Y.+Z+B=L+K+A. If therefore B+Y+Z be +

Z taken from abc, and in lieu thereof we put L+K+A, we shall have the figure dfohikd=abc, but that figure is made up of the meridian distance when east, multiplied into the southing, and the meridian distance, when west, multiplied into the northing less by the meridian distance, when west, multiplied into the southing. Q. E. D.

COROLLARY.

Since the meridian distance (when west) multiplied into the southing, is to be subtracted, by the same reasoning the meridian distance when east, multiplied into the northing, must be also subtracted.