Exc. 2. Rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, to break. So ab-, cor-, di-, e-, inter-, intro-, ir-, ob-, per-, præ-, pro-rumpo. There are only two simple verbs ending in QUO, viz. Coquo, coxi, coctum, to boil. So con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, per-, re-coquo. to leave. The compounds have lictum; as, relinquo, reliqui, relictum, to forsake. So de-, and dērě-linquo. RO. 1. Quæro, makes quæsivi, quæsitum, to seek. So ac-, an-, con-, dis-, ex-, în-, per-, re-quiro, -quisīvi, -quisitum. Těro, trivi, tritum, to wear, to bruise. So at-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, ob-, per-, pro-, sub-tĕro. Verro, verri, versum, to sweep, brush, or make clean. So a-, con-, dē-, ē-, prœ-, rě-verro. Ūro, ussi, ustum, to burn. So ăd-, amb-, comb-, de-, ex-, în-, pĕr-, sub-ūro. 2. Curro, cucurri, cursum, to run. So ac-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, oc-, per-, præ-, prō-curro, which sometimes doubles the first syllable, and sometimes not; as, accurri, or accucurri, &c. Circum-, rě-, suc-, trans-curro, hardly ever redouble the first syllable. 3. Sero, sēvi, sătum, to sow. The compounds which signify planting or sowing, have sēvi, situm; as, consĕro, consēvi, consitum, to plant together. So as-, circum-, dē-, dis-, in-, inter-, ob-, pro-, rě-, sub-, tran-sěro. Sero,, to knit, had anciently serui, sertum, which its compounds still retain ; as, assèro, asserui, assertum, to claim. So con-, circum-, de-, dis-, ēdis-, ex-, in-, inter-sĕro. 4. Furo, to be mad, wants both preterite and supine. SO has sīvi, situm; as, Arcesso, arcessivi, arcessitum, to call, or send for. So căpesso, to take; făcesso, to do, to go away; lacesso, to provoke. Exc. 1. Viso, vīsi, to go to see, to visit. So in-, rě-viso. Incesso, incessi, to attack, to seize. Exc. 2. Depso, depsui, depstum, to knead. So con-, per-depso. Pinso, pinsui or pinsi, pinsum, pistum or pinsitum, to bake. TO. 1. Flecto, has flexi, flectum, to bow. So circum-, de-, in-, re-, retro-flecto. Plecto, plexi and plexui, plexum, to plait. So implecto. Necto, nexi and nexui, nexum, to tie, or knit. So ad-, vel an-, con-, circum-, in-, sub-necto. Pecto, pexi and pexui, pexum, to dress, or comb. So de-, ex-, re-pecto. 2. Měto, messui, messum, to reap, mow, or cut down. So de-, e-, præ-měto. 3. Pěto, pětivi, pětitum, to seek, to pursue. So ap-, com-, ex-, im-, op-, re-, sup-pěto. Mitto, misi, missum, to send. So a-, ad-, com-, circum-, de-, di-, ē-, im-, inter-, intro-, ō-, per-, præ, præter, prō-, rè-, sub-, super-, trans-mitto. Verto, verti, versum, to turn. So a-, ad-, animad-, ante-, circum-, con-, de-, di-, en-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, præ-, præter-, re-, sub-, trans-verto. Sterto, stertui, to snore. So de-sterto. 4. Sisto, an active verb, to stop, has stiti, stătum; but sisto, a neuter verb, to stand still, has stěti, stătum, like sto. The compounds have stiti, and stitum; as, assisto, astiti, astĭtum, to stand by. So ab-, circum-, con-, de-, ex-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, re-, sub-sisto. But the compounds are seldom used in the supine. vo, XO. There are three verbs in yo, which are thus conjugated : 1. Vivo, vixi, victum, to live. So ad-, con-, per-, pro-, re-, super-vivo. Solvo, solvi, solutum, to loose. Volvo, volvi, võlutum, to roll. rě-, sub-volvo. So absolvo, to acquit, dis-, ex-, per-, ~-soivo. 2. Texo, to weave, (the only verb of this conjugation ending in xo,) has texui, textum. So at-, circum-, con-, de-, in-, inter-, ob-, per-, præ-, pro-, re-, sub-texo. Fourth Conjugation. Verbs of the fourth conjugation make the preterite in ivi, and the supine in ītum ; as, Mūnio, mūnīvi, mūnītum, to fortify. Exc. 1. Singultio, singultīvi, singultum, to sob. Sepělio, sepělivi, sepultum, to bury. Věnio, vēni, ventum, to come. So ad-, ante-, circum-, con-, contra-, de-, e-, in-, inter-, intro-, ob-, per-, post-, præ-, sub-, super-věnio. Veneo, věnii, to be sold. Salio, sălui, and sălii, saltum, to leap. The compounds have commonly silui, sometimes silii, or silivi and sultum; as, transilio, transilui, transilii and transilivi, transultum, to leap over. So ab-, as-, circum-, con-, de-, dis-, ex-, in-, re-, sub-, super-silio. Exc. 2. Amicio, has amicui, amictum, seldom amixi, to cover or clothe. Sancio, sanxi, sanctum; and sancivi, sancitum, to establish or ratify. Exc. 3. Cambio, campsi, campsum, to change money. Sepio, sepsi, septum, to hedge or enclose. So circum-, dis-, inter-, ob-, præ-sēpio. Haurio, hausi, haustum, rarely hausum, to draw out, to empty, to drink. So de-, ex-haurio. Sentio, sensi, sensum, to feel, to perceive, to think. So as-, con-, dis-, per-, præ-, sub-sentio. Raucio, rausi, rausum, to be hoarse. Exc. 4. Sarcio, sarsi, sartum, to mend or repair. So ex-, re-sarcio. Farcio, farsi, fartum, to cram. So con-fercio; ef-fercio, or ef-farcio; in-fercio, or in-farcio; re-fercio. Fulcio, fulsi, fultum, to prop or uphold. So con-, ef-, in-, per-, suf-fulcio. Exc. 5. The compounds of părio have pĕrui, pertum; as, ăperio, aperui, ăpertum, to open. So opěrio, to shut, to cover. But comperio has compèri, compertum, to know a thing for certain. Repĕrio, repĕri, repertum, to find. Exc. 6. The following verbs want the supine. Cœcutio, cæcutivi, to be dim-sighted. Gestio, gestivi, to show one's joy by the gesture of his body. Glocio, glocivi, to cluck or cackle as a hen. Dementio, dementivi, to be mad. Ineptio, ineptivi, to play the fool. Prosilio, prosilui, to leap forth. Ferocio, ferocivi, to be fierce. Ferio, to strike, wants both preterite and supine. So refĕrio, to strike again. DEPONENT AND COMMON VERBS. A deponent verb is that which, under a passive form, has an active or neuter signification; as, Loquor, I speak; mărior, I die. A common verb, under a passive form, has either an active or passive signification; as, Criminor, I accuse, or I am accused. Most deponent verbs of old, were the same with common verbs. They are called Deponent, because they have laid aside the passive sense. Deponent and common verbs form the participle perfect in the same manner as if they had the active voice; thus, Lætor, lætatus, lætāri, to rejoice; věreor, veritus, věrēri, to fear; fangor, functus, fungi, to discharge an office; potior, põtītus, potīri, to enjoy, to be master of. The learner should be taught to go through all the parts of deponent and common verbs, by proper examples in the several conjugations; thus, lætor, of the first conjugation, like amor Indicative Mode. Present. Lætor, I rejoice; lætāris, vel -āre, thou rejoicest, &c. Perfect. Lætatus sum vel fui,* I have rejoiced, &c. Future. Lætabor, I shall or will rejoice; lætabĕris, or -abĕre, &c. Present. Later, I may rejoice; lætēris, or -ēre, &c. In like manner conjugate in the First Conjugation, Abōminor, to abhor. Apricor, to bask in the sun. Aspernor, to despise. Auxilior, to assist. Bacchor, to rage, to revel, to riot. Calumnior, to accuse falsely. Căvillor, to scoff. Cauponor, to huckster, to retail. Causor, to plead in excuse, to blame. Circulor, to meet in companies, to stroll, to talk. Comessor, to revel. Cornicor, to chatter like a crow. Criminor, to blame. Detestor, to abhor. Dominor, to rule. Epůlor, to feast. Exsecror, to curse. Grăvor, to grudge. to waste. Hortor, to encourage. Hallucinor, to speak at random, to err. Imaginor, to conceive. Insector, to pursue, to inveigh against. Insidior, to lie in wait. Mětor, to measure. Obtestor, to beseech. ödöror, to smell. Opěror, to work. Ŏpinor, to think. Palpor, or -o, to stroke or soothe. Populor, and -o, to lay waste. Præstolor, to wait for. Prævaricor, to go crooked, to shuffle or prevaricate, Precor, to pray. Deprecor, to entreat, to pray against. Procor, to ask, to woo. *Fui, fueram, &c. are seldom joined to the participles of deponent verbs; and not so often to those of passive verbs, as, sum, eram, &c. Mōlior, to attempt something difficult. Sortior, to draw or cast lots. Participle Perfect, Blanditus, mentitus, molītus, partītus, sortitus, largitus. There are no exceptions in the First Conjugation. EXCEPTIONS IN THE SECOND CONJUGATION. Reor, ratus, to think. Misereor, misertus, or not contracted, miseritus, to pity. Fateor, fassus, to confess. The compounds of fateor have fessus; as, profiteor, professus, to profess. So confiteor, to confess, to own or acknowledge. EXCEPTIONS IN THE THIRD CONJUGATION. Labor, lapsus, to slide. So al-, col-, de-, di-, e-, il-, inter-, per-, præter-, pro-, re-, sub-, subter-, super-, trans-lābor. Ulciscor, ultus, to revenge. Utor, ūsus, to use. So ab-, de-útor. Loquor, lõquūtus, or locutus, to speak. So al-, col-, circum-, e-, inter-, ob-, præ-, pro-loquor. Séquor, sequutus, or secutus, to follow. So as-, con-, ex-, in-, ob-, per-, pro-, re-, sub-sequor. Queror, questus, to complain. So con-, inter-, præ-quèror. Nitor, nisus, or nixus, to endeavour, to lean upon. So ad-, vel an-, con-, e-, in-, ob-, re-, sub-nitor: but the compounds have oftener nixus. Păciscor, pactus, to bargain. So de-peciscor. Grădior, gressus, to go. So ag-, ante-, circum-, con-, de-, di-, e-, in-, intro-, præ-, præter-, pro-, re-, retro-, sug-, super-, trans-gredior. Proficiscor, profectus, to go a journey. Nanciscor, nactus, to get. Patior, passus, to suffer. So per-pětior. Apiscor, aptus, to get. So adipiscor, adeptus; and indipiscor, indeptus. Comminiscor, commentus, to devise or invent. Fruor, fruitus or fructus, to enjoy. So per fruor. Obliviscor, oblitus, to forget. Expergiscor, experrectus, to awake. Morior, mortuus, to die. So com-, de-, e-, im-, inter-, præ-mŏrior. Nascor, natus, to be born. So ad-, circum-, de-, e-, in-, inter-, re-, sub-nascor. Orior, ortus, orīri, to rise. So ab-, ad-, co-, ex-, ob-, sub-ōrior. The three last form the future participle in itūrus; thus, mõrĭtūrus, nascītūrus, ōrĭtūrus. EXCEPTIONS IN THE FOURTH CONJUGATION. Mētior, mensus, to measure. So ad-, com-, di-, e-, præ-, re-mētior. Ordior, orsus, to begin. So ex-, red-ordior. Experior, expertus, to try. Opperior, oppertus, to wait or tarry for one. Vescor, vesci, to feed. Liquor, liqui, to melt or be dissolved. Mědeor, mederi, to heal. perfect: Ringor, ringi, to grin like a dog. Prævertor, præverti, to get before, to outrun. Divertor, diverti, to turn aside, to take lodging. The verbs which do not fall under any of the foregoing rules are called Irregular. H The irregular verbs are commonly reckoned eight: sum, eo, queo, võlo, nõlo, mālo, fero, and fio, with their compounds. But properly there are only six: nolo and malo being compounds of volo. SUM has already been conjugated. After the same manner are formed its compounds, ad-, ab-, de-, inter-, præ-, ob-, sub-, super-sum, and in-sum, which wants the preterite; thus, adsum, adfui, adesse, &c. PROSUM, to do good, has a d where sum begins with e; as, prod-est ; prod-erat ; prod-esset; pro-sùmus, &c. Infinit. Pres. Prod-esse. mus. and sum; and is thus conjugated : The compounds of Eo are conjugated after the same manner; ăd-, ăb-, ex-, ob-, rěd-, sub-, pĕr-, că-, în-, præ-, ante-, prod-eo: only in the perfect, and the tenses formed from it, they are usually contracted; thus, adeo, adii, seldom adivi, aditum, adire, to go to; perfect, adii, adiisti, or adisti, &c. adieram, adiĕrim, &c. So likewise veneo, venii, to be sold, (compounded of venum and eo.) But ambio,-īvi, -ītum,-īre, to surround, is a regular verb of the fourth conjugation. Eo, like other neuter verbs, is often rendered in English under a passive form; thus, it, he is going; ivit, he is gone; iverat, he was gone; iverit, he may be gone, or shall be gone. So věnit, he is coming; venit, he is come; venerat, he was come, &c. In the passive voice these verbs, for the most part, are only used impersonally; as, itur ab illo, he is going; ventum est ab illis, they are come. We find some of the compounds of eo, however, used personally; as, pericula adeuntur, are undergone, Cic. Libri Sibyllini inaditi sunt, were looked into, Liv. Flumen pedibus transiri potest, Cæs. Inimicitiæ subeantur, Cic. |