the Weight of the whole Quantity; and if, in any Quantity of Gold, there are 22 fuch Parts of pure Gold, and the remaining two Parts Silver (as our Guineas are, or any other Allay, as Copper, which makes the Gold Coins in which it is ufed, appear fomething different in Colour) then it is faid to be according to Standard. But if, upon afsaying a Piece of Gold, it is found to contain more or less than 22 Caracts of pure Gold, it is faid to be fo many Caracts, or Parts of a Caract, better or worse than Standard. In Affaying of Silver, the Fineness is computed in Penny-weights. See Troy-weight. Mr. Ward found by Experiment, that 14 oz. II dwts. 15 Grains Troy, 1 tb Avoirdupois. According to Mr. Chamberlayne in his Prefent State of Great Britain, the Moniers (as he calls them) divide the Grain into the following Parts, viz. But, certainly, the Divifions lower than Mites must be imaginary only; for to conftruct a Scale for weighing the lower Divifions feems to me impoffible; for, if Blanks have a real Existence, the Grain will be divided into 230400 Parts, a Thing furpaffing the Belief even of the most Credulous. By Troy Weight, are weighed Gold, Silver, Jewels, and Liquors. The Fineness of Silver is computed in Ounces and Penny-weights, thus: If, in a Pound of Silver, there are 11 Ounces 2 Penny-weights of fine Silver, and the other 18 Penny-weights of Copper, or any F 3 other other Allay, it is then the Standard for our own Silver Coin; and it is then faid to be 11 Ounces 2 Penny-weights fine. ATABLE bewing into how many Shillings a Pound Weight of Silver bath at feveral Times been coined, from Mr. Lowndes and Bishop Fleetwood, being very useful to Readers of the Hiftory of England, we bave tranferibed the following from the 23d Vol. of the Gentleman's Magazine. A Pound Troy of Gold is cut into 44 Parts, each Part is a Guinea, or 21 Shillings. At first, each Part was to pafs for 20 Shillings; and fome Time after, by the Scarcity of Gold imported, each Part paffed current for 21 Shillings and 6 Pence, 143. Of APOTHECARIES WEIGHT. By this Weight Apothecaries compound their Medicines, but buy and fell their Drugs by the Avoirdupois Weight. The Scotch Ounce is 4 Grains less than the English Troy Ounce. By this Weight are weighed all Kinds of Grocery Wares, and moft other Things in common Bufinefs. Oz. Note, A Pound Troy is 13 Avoirdupois, very exact; therefore 72 Ounces Troy are = 79 Ounces Avoirdupois very near. In weighing Wool, the Avoirdupois, Pound is ufed, but the greater Weights are thus: 1 Note, Wool is commonly bought by the Tod; but, 'when it is ftapled or forted, it is fold by the Pack. See Pack in the next Table. 12. Inches 3 Feet 5 Yards 40 Poles 8 Furlongs 3 Miles 145. LONG MEASURE. 1 Foot i Yard 1 Pole, Perch, or Land Yard, of 1 Mile, (the greatest Measure of I League, (used chiefly by Sailors.) Note, Four Statute Poles Gunter's Chain, which Chain is divided into 100 equal Parts called Links. This Chain is very much efteemed in meafuring of Land. Sailors divide a Degree of the Earth into 60 equal Parts, which they call a Geographical Mile; but a Degree is 69 Statute Miles nearly; of which more hereafter. The Scotch Foot is = 12's English Inches. Cloth is measured by the Yard of 3 Feet, which is thus divided: 4 Nails 4 Quarters }={1 Quarter {Yard. We have also a Measure for Cloth, which is 5 Quarters of a. Yard. called an Ell, Alfo, an Ell Flemish (by which Tapestry is measured) is 3 Quarters of a Yard. As to the Scotch Ell, according to the Standard at Edinburgh, it is 37 English Inches, i. e. an Inch and longer than the English Yard. By the Wine Gallon, are measured and fold all Wines, Spirits, Brandies, Mead, Perry, Cyder, Vinegar, Honey, Oil, &c. The Beer or Ale Gallon is greater than the Wine Gallon, in Proportion of 282 to 231; (these Numbers being the Number of Cubic Inches in each) or in fmaller Numbers as 94 to 77. The Meafures for Ale or Beer in London are, But this Distinction of Ale and Beer Measures is only used in London; for in all other Places of England, Mr. Ward fays, 8 Gallons of Ale or Beer a 14 Firkin. In Scotland (Mr. Malcolm fays) the common De. nominations of Liquid Meafure are thefe, Hogfhead, Gallon, Pint, Mutchkin, Gill; and 4 Gills = 1 Mutchkin, 4 Mutchkins 1 Pint, 8 Pints 1 Gallon, and 16 Gallons I Hogfhead. They alfo call 2 Mutchkins, Chopin, and 2 Pints, 1 Quart. The Excife in Scotland, fince the Union of the two Nations, is calculated upon English Measure, The |