lous; for he who is so is an object of hatred to God as well as to man. A ua Chuind cia edirgin* sil n-Adhoimh ? Gaeth cech fosaidh, firén cech fial, feidhil cech ainmnedhaeh, fisigh cech foghlamtha, fuarrach cech finechair, serbh cech borb, baeth cech trén, tibir cech mer, mordha cech borb, baeth cech trén, mordha cech_n-dinnbha, imresach cech n-aineolach, al cech nongta, faitech cech nuaimhnech, &c. &c. As amhlaidh sin nos n-edirgin cach uile. Oh! grandson of Con, how are the human race characterised? The sedate are wise, the patient are pious, the learned are desirous of acquiring knowledge, the lover of his tribe is anxious to relieve them; the untaught are stubborn, the strong vain, fools are given to laughter; the possessor of kine (i. e. the rich man) is proud, the ignopant are quarrelsome, the wounded are timid, the timid wary, &c. &c. Thus I characterise the human race. A ua Chuind, cia ás gabhala baísi cis lir ? Bretha diana, dusgadh ferge, folabhra iar n-gaéth, cairiughadh firinne, bron ic fledh, gáire im sen, senchus do chleth, coimrith fri baéth, mordho fri Righ, labhra cin ghais, &c. &e. O grandson of Con, what dost thou deem acts of folly? To pass hasty judgments, to excite to anger, to speak foolishly after a wise man, to gainsay the truth, to be melancholy at a banquet, to laugh at the aged, to conceal historical facts, to contend with the foolish, to be proud with a king, to speak without wisdom, &c. &c. A ua Chuind as áil dam, cinus biad itir Gaéthaibh seo-o baethaibh, itir gnathaibh scco ingnathaibh, itir senaibh seo-o ógaibh? Nim bad ro gaeth, nim bad ro bhaéth, nim bad uallach, nim bad dimbrighach, nim bad ro bheg nim bad ro mhór, nim bad ro labhair, nim bad ro thoi, nim bad tim, nim bad ro cruaidh. Dia mbadh ro ghaeth fris ailfidher, dia m-bad ro bhaeth, nod toghaethfuidher, dia m-bad ro uallach, do dhimghaethfuidher, dia m-bad ro bheg bid digraith, dia m-bad ro labhair bid dergna, dia m-bad ro chruaidh no michludhfidher, dia m-bad ro thim no dresfuidher. Oh! grandson of Con! I would fain know how I should conduct myself among the wise, and among the foolish; among friends and among strangers, among old and among young? Be not too knowing nor too simple, be not proud, be not inactive, be not too humble, neither be haughty, be not talkative, neither be too silent, be not timid, neither be severe. For if thou shouldst appear too knowing, thou wouldst be satirized and abused; if too simple, thou wouldst be imposed upon; if too proud, thou wouldst be shunned; if too humble, thy dignity would suffer; if talkative, thou wouldst not be deemed learned; if too severe, thy character would be defamed; if too timid, thy rights would be encroached upon. A ua Chuind cia edirgin mna? Nos nedirgin sceó nis nedirglim. Baeth a g-comhairle, dermadach serce, iotfaidhe toile, torrachta bacisi, bras urnaidhm, urlamh i b-foirgill, uallcha fri a d-tochmarc, cuimhnech debhtha, bronach cuirmthighe, sénta caemhna, cuimhnech dichaémhna, imdha labhartha, &c. &c. In nech contuaisi fri drochmhnáibh i d-tonna nod báidhed, i d-tene nod loiscedh; id airm deghfaebhracha, id cloidhmhe dleghghoimh, ar lenmoin, id nathracha ar tuaichle id dorcha i soillsi, id olc itir maithibh, id mesa itir olcaibh, gur badh Maith in t-olc, gur badh faith Ifrinn, go ro cleth in Ghrian a Soillsi, go ro tuitsit renna Nimhi, ni bhiaidh BEN acht mar atrubramar- Mairg, tra, a mhic, nos gradhaidh, nos lamhaidh, nos mianaidh, nos riaraidh; mairg cech aén isa frith drochmhnai. Oh! grandson of Con, how shall I distinguish the characters of woman? I know them but I cannot describe them. Their counsel is foolish, they are forgetful of love, most headstrong in their desires, fond of folly, prone to enter rashly into en Edirgin; the commentator explains this word by “ cinus aitheonas me," and he states that it is a contraction of edirghnéghúighadh, i. e. to draw lines of distinction between the different kinds of men. Rectairi; the glossographer explains this: uiri an recta no coimhedaidhe an dligheadh. gagements, given to swearing, proud to be asked in marriage, tenacious of enmity, cheerless at the banquet, rejecters of reconciliation, prone to strife, of much gar rulity, &c. &c. He who listens to evil women shall be drowned in the waves or consumed in the fire, they are sharp weapons, they are wounding swords pursuing thee, they are serpents in cunning, they are darkness in light, they are evil amongst good, they are the worst of evils. Until evil be good, until hell be Heaven, until the sun hide his light, until the stars of heaven fall; woman will remain as we have stated. Woe to him, my son, who loves, desires, or serves a bad woman! woe to every one that has got a bad wife! A ua Chuind cit is buaini for bith? Oh! grandson of Con, what are the most lasting things in the world? Grass, Copper, Yew. A ua Chuind cid is mesa do chorp Duine? Ro suidhe, ro luidhe, airisamh foda, togbhala troma, fedhmanna ós nert, ro retha, ro lémenna, silledh fri Gris, nua corma, fuacht, grian, gorta, ro ól, ro saith, ro colladh, snamh iar saith, colladh faen, deoch mhór, &c. &c. Oh! grandson of Con, what is bad for the human body? Too much sitting or lying, long resting, raising heavy loads or any exertion beyond strength, too much running or leaping, looking at the sun, fresh cuirm (beer,) cold, heat, hunger, gluttony, intemperance, overmuch sleep, bathing after meals, heavy sleep, slumbers, drinking deeply, &c. &c. A ua Chuind cia mesamh comairci? A mhic ma contuaisi frim thegusc nib Rechtairi dhuit fer co ceilibh, nib Ranairi dhuit fer lonn ilmhianach, nib fosadh dhuit fer lesc geranach, nib muilleoir dhuit fer ilfuiric, nib techtairi fer long doithengach, nib ruanaidhe dhuit fer labhair, narb dáilemh fer soimhesc, narb dorsach dhuit fer serbh sotal, narb cend athchomhairc duit dotchuidh. Oh! grandson of Con! who is he whose protection should not be relied upon ? A miser or inhospitable man. My son, if thou attend to my instructions, let not thy law-giver be a man of many associates, thy butler* a lover of daintiest, thy fosadh (waiter) a lazy complaining man, thy miller a festive man, thy messenger an angry peevish, impertinent man, thy secretary a talkative man, thy cup-bearer a drunkard, thy foot-man (door keeper) a bitter, haughty man, let not thy counsellory be a rash man. JOHN O'DONOVAN. • Ranairi, i, e. fer roinn bidh, a butler. + Ifuiric is thus explained by the glossographer: fuirici. fedh acus IL .i. rói. ro-fledhach; too festive. Dailemh i. e. fer dailemh dighe, a cup-bearer. Keating makes fre quent use of this word in his works on divinity. Ata an nidh leightear ar Daileamhan Pharoah san 40 cab. do GeneCend atchomhatrc i. e. ceand comhairle no fiafruidke, Gloss. sis." SONNET.-ON THE LIBERTY OF THE PRESS. : Some laws there are too sacred for the hand Of man to approach; recorded in the blood Of patriots; before which, as the rood Of faith, devotional we take our stand; Time-hallow'd laws magnificently plann'd When freedom was the nurse of public good, And power paternal; laws that have withstood All storms, like faithful bulwarks of the land: Unshackled will, frank utterance of the mind, Without which freedom dies and laws are vain, On such we found our rights, to such we cling: In these should power his surest safeguard find. Tread them not down in passion or disdainMake man a reptile, he will turn and sting! DUBLIN: A. de V. Printed and Published by JOHN S. FOLDS, 56. Great Strand-street. In Liverpool by Willmer and Smith; in Manchester by Wheeler; in THE THE LADY'S ISLAND IN 1833. The above cut is a faithful representation of the "Lady's Island," or as it is called in ecclesiastical record, "St. Mary of the Island," in the barony of Forth, County Wexford. The parish of the same name is an impropriate cure in the diocess of Ferns, in extent not exceeding 380 acres. It pays church cess to the rector of the union of Killinick. There are few parts of Ireland in which there are so many monuments of the English invasion of 1170, and still fewer, so indistinctly described. This may perhaps be owing to its being the settlement of the first colony from Britain, generally known by the name of the Anglo-Saxon, using a dialect nearly as much differing from the English language of that day as the then English does from the present. The colonists were strangers who had some time previous settled in South Wales, in the present district of Pembrokeshire, and by consent of the chief of their district Richard de Clare, generally called "Strongbow" (from his great skill in the exercise of the bow,) settled in two con. The Lady's Island, County Wexford. threds of land lying to the south of the town of Wexford, now known as the Baronies of "Forth and Bargy," and granted to them by Dermot Me Murchad, the then King of Leinster. Fortifying their new homes, they lived in a state of total non-intercourse with all others, a custom which until within the last forty or fifty years has been a striking characteristic of their descendants, who, until then (and in some degree even still) retained their peculiar dialect. (Vide Vallancey's Collectanea.) The first object of the new settlers was to preserve their new inheritance, themselves, and vassals, from the many and sudden attacks of the native Irish, most of whom abandoned-but were not driven out of their homes-for all who wished to remain and live under the laws of the colonists were allowed to do so, and had the equal benefit of the same laws. The descendants of some of these Aborigines, as they may be called, are still, after the lapse of almost seven centuries, to be found in these baronies. In proportion to the means of each colonist he became a chief or vassal. In order to obtain that portion of land to constitute a chief's, or knight's fee, the person should be able to erect a fortalice, or castle of lime and stone, to which in case of danger either to the chief or his vassals, all repaired for mutual safety. As these chiefs' families increased in numbers and opulence, from the management of the hitherto neglected lands, subdivisions took place and new castles were erected. Owing to one of these divisions, the castle, the subject of the present memoir, was commenced in the year of our Lord 1237, by Rodolph, son of Milo de Lamporte, (hodie Lambert) whose castle was situate on the sea shore, where is now the present man sion of Mc Nunn of St. Margarets. The site chosen was the neck of a peninsula of about thirty acres in the lake formerly called Lough Tay," now of Lady's Island. In the centre of the isthmus was erected the castle or keep, sixty one feet high and forty by thirty square, with a large arched and fortified gateway on the west. Strong walls, twenty feet high, extended to the water on each side, a distance of fifty yards, and had each a turret of three stories. The entire is composed of coarse compact granite (brought from an island up the lake) strongly cemented, but possesses no architectural beauty. As usual in similar buildings of that and subsequent centuries, it had no stone bawn or dwelling house, as erections for such purposes though of inferior materials were made sufficiently safe by the outer works. All these have left but simple marks of their existence. At a distance of sixty yards, and immediately in front of the gateway, is a square tower thirty feet high and fifteen square, in all probability erected at some later day, the quoins, &c. being all blue limestone, of which there is not a single particle to be found in the larger building. For ten feet the entire is solid, and the door only accessible by eight rude irregularly projecting stone steps. Tradition says that instead of the present causeway, a draw-bridge joined the island with the adjoining land, which is very probable. There are several traditions regarding hostile attacks on this castle, but none agree as to the particular time. It is certain, however, that immediately after the arrival of Cromwell, whose army consisting of upwards of nine thousand men, landed in the south bay (Roselare) of Wexford, and himself slept in the castle of Ballybrenan, then possessed by the family of Synnott, the founder, it was deemed necessary to send a small force of gunsmen to summon the castle of Lady's Island. It being found that musquetry alone was likely to be of no avail, two small pieces of cannon were sent, and the castle being summoned to surrender, did so without further opposition, and without conditions. This was on the 4th October, 1649. The prisoners were made to join the ranks of Cromwell and march to the siege of Wexford. Such parts of the fortification as could be reduced to ashes were immediately consumed, and a convent of Friars, of the order of St. Augustine, founded about two hundred years previous, and protected by the fortification, was plundered, and the fraternity refusing to bear arms against their country, put to the sword. This place being dedicated to the Virgin Mary was then, and until lately, a celebrated place of pilgrimage, and even at this day (1833) persons resort to it from the counties of Waterford, Kilkenny, Carlow, Wick low, &c. The success of Cromwell's army at Wexford is well known, as the capture of the capital decided the fate of the country. The Anglo-Saxon lords became strangers in their homes, the vassals of some non-commissioned officer and in some instances, of privates in the Cromwellian army. From that period this castle, and all the other castles of the country, have been gradually crumbling to ruin. and some have entirely disappeared, for many of the present day seem to delight in possessing a spirit of Vandalism-to make the ruinous still more ruinous. This peninsula and part of the land adjoining are said to have been formerly possessed by the Danes. There still remains a large mound of earth enclosing about seventy acres, near which are found urns of red clay, unbaked, containing human bones. Some of these urns are ornamented with rude devices, of which at some future day we shall give drawings and other particulars, as also of some iron instruments of war. The present village of Lady's Island contains a Roman Catholic chapel, a school-house and eight or ten tolerably comfortable cottages. The lake abounds with a variety of wildfowl, and was formerly much frequented by a species of bittern called here the "proud stork." A curious fact res pecting the manner in which this bird was accustomed to build its nest, is related by the Rev. Mr. Eastwood, in his account of the adjoining parish of Tacumshane, published in Shaw Mason's Parochial Survey, vol. 3. There is a weed or grass growing at the bottom of the lake, which she took into her bill, twisting it from the depth; and when she had spun sufficient rope to raise her over the surface, she constructed her floating nest, laid two eggs and brought out her young. But the sea having latterly found a passage into the lake, and the tide having risen above the length of the subaqueous grass, the storks were compelled, however reluctantly, to abandon it altogether. Wexford. SAGACITY OF THE FOX. A curious instance of the sagacity of the fox lately occurred at our Zoological garden. A fine fox preserved there, escaped from the enclosure, and having been seen by two young gentlemen riding in the park, and well mounted, they gave Reyhard chase for an hour, during which time he made several ineffectual attempts to get over the boundary wall. He ultimately escaped their pursuit, but on the following day presented himself at the entrance gateway of his old quarters, and quietly surrendered himself a prisoner. IRISH LEGISLATION. In May 1784, a bill, intended to limit the privilege of franking, was sent from Ireland for the royal approbation: in it was a clause enacting, that any member who, from illness or other cause, should be unable to write, might authorise some other person to frank for him, provided, that on the back of the letter so franked, the member doth, at the same time, give under his hand full certificate of his inability to write. WHAT WOULD MACHINERY DO FOR IRELAND? In a former number we gave, as our readers may recollect, a few particulars respecting the time required to print the weekly impression of the DUBLIN PENNY JOURNAL by the common printing press. Some time ago, an individual connected with one of the newspapers, published in the West of Ireland, paid the printing office a visit, and on seeing a Number of the Journal at press ten or twelve days before its date of publication, he exclaimed, very significantly, "Ah! we are asleep in Connaught!" But on referring to the preface of the London Penny Magazine, published lately, how completely does it prove that we are asleep, not in Connaught, but in Ireland! The weekly impression of that Penny leviathan, if done without the aid of improved machinery, and by the common printing press, would require FIVE MONTHS! Asleep! aye, we are asleep, and henceforward, instead of boasting about the great demand for our little periodical, let us hang our diminished heads, and labour silently and zealously to create such a desire in the minds of our fellow-countrymen for cheap and wholesome knowledge as may prove them as ardent for information, and as persevering in its acquisition, as either the English or the Scotch. For what does the London Penny Magazine prove? It does not circulate very extensively in Ireland-therefore, the great bulk of the immense number of copies which are printed of it, must be disposed of in England and Scotland. Then look at Chambers' Journal-look at the Saturday Magazine--look at all the cheap publications which are actually rolling from the press, and it proves to a demonstration that, though perhaps there is a mania at present raging, the thirst for information must be extreme, the determination to acquire it must be strong, the facilities given by machinery for gratifying and feeding the demaud for cheap knowledge must be many, and, though the minds of the people may be rather confused, for a time, by the number of cheap publications, yet when the minor and more insignificant ones have gone down, and none remain but the few leading and really useful and respectable periodicals, the amount of good done must be to an extent incalculable even by the present generation. That the Irish are as eager for information, and as steady in its acquisition, as the inhabitants of the sister island, when it is presented to them in a proper form, we have solid reasons for thinking; and we acknowledge it with thankfulness. But we will not rest satisfied until something greater and better is accomplished; until we see the entire bulk of the people panting for useful information and agreeable amusement; until we see facilities obtained for spreading knowledge through the land to a greater extent than ever; until we see the mind of the nation rising, like the phoenix from its ashes, and clothed in the vestments of a varied and graceful intellect, show itself to the world at large, as worthy to win and to wear the choicest blessings of a civilized state. From this little egotistical episode, we would advance to the consideration, briefly, of what would machinery do for Ireland? In the short compass allotted to papers in our Journal, justice cannot be done to such an important question---and the necessity of avoiding the troubled waters of politics, must make us steer clear of considering the present state of Irish manufactures. We wish well to the society for encouraging the consumption of home manufactured goods, and for aiding the decayed manufacturers of Ireland-but must candidly give it as our conviction, as well as the conviction of common observation, that while the machinery of England is at work, and while the ports of the two islands are open, the efforts of such a society, however patriotic, will be but as a feather held up to break the violence of the blast. Nothing will avail but the employment of similar machinery. That Ireland, from its geographical position, and its numerous harbours, is well fitted to become a commercial country, is known to every school-boy. Some idea of the materials in the bowels of the earth may be gathered from a paper published in the 16th and 17th numbers of the Journal, entitled "The Geology of Dublin and its Suburbs," communicated to us by a gentleman whose scientific acquirements are of the first order. At the close of his paper occurs the following remarkable passage-" Wherefore is it that our most valuable minerals become productive only when worked by English hands? We will not venture upon supplying a response to this interrogatory, but will merely express a hope hat the period is not far distant, when Irishmen will merge party in national objects, and when the bounties of Providence shall cease to be marred by the folly or wickedness of man." Of the nature of the country, as adapted for the erection of manufactories, we might come to some conclusion from a paper entitled," Improvements in Ireland," taken from Bryan's Practical view of Ireland, and printed in our 15th number, and from an original paper, entitled, "Pobble O'Keefe," given in our 21st number. These two papers, it is true, refer to a tract of country situated on the confines of the counties of Cork, Limerick, and Kerry but they triumphantly prove that a portion of country hitherto given up to smugglers, midnight marauders, and Whiteboys, which af. forded a safe shelter to the violators of law and the disturbers of order, possesses within it all the materials and all the facilities for being converted into a great, and happy, and popu lous district, a region where industry might ply its busy wheel, where labour might be remunerative, where capital might find ample scope for its productive outlay, and where a distressed and impoverished population might be usefully and happily employed. With regard to the general capabilities of the country, we refer to a paper in our 7th number entitled, "The River Shannon," extracted from a pamphlet by C. W. Williams, Esq. To all these articles, but particularly to the last one, we entreat that such of our readers as are desirous : of acquiring information on the important subject of which we are treating, would refer. We are anxious to show that our Journal has, from its commencement, been alive to the improvement of the country; and these particular articles contain a mass of FACTS which are well calculated to arouse all the powers of a thinking mind in reflecting on the state of Ireland. Here, then, we require not to travel out of our own little work for information on our subject, and which entirely supersedes, what our present space could not well afford, the necessity of recapitulating. Yet with all the facilities which the island possesses by its geographical position-with all the materials in the bowels of the earth-with a numerous population waiting to be profitably employed-with a country within a few hours' sail where the ingenuity of man is racked to bring out and to apply whatever may advance the interests of trade and commerce-we are poor and miserable. Our exports are the exports of a nation half civilized. We send over to England cows, calves and pigs, bacon, pork, and butter, eggs, and wheat, and barley-but where are our calicoes and silks where our cutlery and pottery-have we a Birmingham, a Manchester, a Leeds, a Sheffield, a Glasgow, to develop the ingenuity and give employment to our people? No! our very agriculture is half a century behind. We want the investment of capital and the employment of machinery to raise us from our present trading and commercial nonentity to be a great, and powerful, and flourishing nation. Dr. Doyle has given it as his opinion that in order to hold out encouragement for the investment of capital, and induce capitalists to settle in the country, we must prepare a quiet and well-ordered population. The spread of knowledge will do much towards effecting so desirable an object; and then, if poor laws were introduced, if capital were invested, and machinery employed, we have no doubt but Ireland would rapidly rise in the scale of nations. We do not advocate the indiscriminate introduction of machinery-we think he estab.. lishment of poor laws should precede its general introduction, and that it should be introduced regularly and systematically. But until machinery is generally introduced into Ireland she will be kept in the back ground by England. Machinery would enable her to develop her resources, to employ her population, to extend her power, to raise her character. Machinery would drain her waste lands, would erect iron foundries, whose fires would be fed with charcoal from her bogs, would build manufactories where the cotton of India might be spun, and sent back to its native country again for sale in every variety and form, would erect railroads by which the country would be opened as effectually as if its inhabitants were gifted with wings, and could fly from one end of the island to another-in short if the question be reiterated, What would Machinery do for Ireland? the answer is easyUnder proper regulation it would change the prospects and the character of the country and its inhabitants. To bring about "a consummation so devoutly to be wished," we would implore the working classes to lay aside their prejudices and aversions, to frown down unlawful combinations and excesses, and to do all in their power to assist in forming what Dr. Doyle calls "a quiet and well-ordered population." Then capital might be freely and fearlessly invested; manufactories might be erected, and public works undertaken; the Shannon, which for nearly an hundred miles can scarcely boast a pleasure boat on its solitary stream, might rival the Mersey, the Clyde, or even the Thames; and a country for which it is said God has done much and man little, be redeemed from the reproach and contumely which are everlastingly cast upon it, and its population delivered from poverty and depression, and enabled by its own industry to maintain itself in comfort and independence. We are arguing conditionally. We do not mean to assert that machinery would be a sovereign balsam for the accumulated distresses of the country: but seeing that we are placed alongside of an island where every invention and improvement is brought to bear upon manual labour, and where the cost of production is reducing daily, it will be a moral impossibility for Ireland to enter into competition without resorting to the same materials and means. All these remarks may be neutralized by one single observation, that the introduction of machinery would destroy the MORALS of the people. Serious charge! The wealth of the Indies would not compensate the loss. The question then which remains to be discussed is, Will moral debasement necessarily follow the general introduction of machinery into Ireland? F MIGRATION OF THE SALMON. THE Wonderful instinct implanted in migratory animals, by which they are able to return to their native haunts, is well known to naturalists, and unfolds a wonderful instance of the design and wisdom of the great Creator. Sir Humphrey Davy in his instructive little book, Salmonia, says "that it is scarcely possible to doubt, that the varieties of the salmon, which haunt the sea, come to the same river to breed in which they were born, or where they have spawned before." A remarkable experiment, proving this singular fact, was made some years ago in the little river Ballinahinch, in Connemara, by Thomas Martin, Esq. Eighteen salmon which were taken on their passage to the sea, were marked and thrown back into the river, and of these, seventeen were taken in the year following. The characteristic peculiarities by which the salmon of one river are distinguished from those of every other, seem attributable to this instinctive principle. The instincts of fishes however, appear to be no more infallible than the reasoning powers of man-each may be led into error by fortuitous cir. cumstances. The philosophical angler above quoted, remarked that "in great floods, often connected with storms, or violent motion near the shores salmon sometimes mistake their river." I remember (he adds) in this way, owing to a tremendous flood, catching with a fly a large salmon that had mistaken his river, having come into the Bush, near the Giant's Causeway, instead of the Bann. No fish can be more distinct in the same species than the fish of these two rivers, their length to their girth being nearly a ratio of 20: 6, and 20: 13." P. NEW CHURCH OF KILLTERNAN, COUNTY OF DUBLIN. In the prefixed engraving we present our readers with a view of another of the new churches, erected within a few years in the County of Dublin. Its style is the same new and fantastic Gothic observable in all those structures, but as its pretentions are less, its faults are possibly fewer, and, in its general form, it is an appropriate as well as pleasing feature in the quiet and romantic scenery in which it is situated. It has a stone roof, and is built entirely of the granite of the district, a beautiful material, the value of which has been only recently appreciated. Killternan, or properly Kill-Tiernan, the church of Tiernan, is a very ancient parish, and its original church, a small but picturesque ruin of the earliest christian times, still exists, and is situated about a quarter of a mile from the new edifice. The parish is at present a vicarage in the diocese of Dublin, and is now united to the old parish of Kilgobbin, which was latterly a curacy, and in which the church, which till lately served for both, was situated. It was taken down on the erection of the present building. G. 4 |