SECTION 3. MISCELLANEOUS EXAMPLES. 1. A man owing 379 dollars, paid at one time 47 dollars, at another 23, at another 84, and at another, 143. How much did he still owe? 2. There are 1000 dollars in 4 bags; the first bag contains 230 dollars, the second 245, the third 270. What is contained in the fourth bag? 3. Suppose the world to have been created 4004 years before the Christian era, how old is it at this date? 4. A man having in his desk 2000 dollars, took out 120 dollars to pay a debt, and afterwards put in 75 dols. How much was there remaining in the desk? 5. A merchant bought a ship for 11 240 dollars, paid 305 dols. for repairing it, and sold it so that he lost 95. dols. For how much did he sell it? 6. What is the sum of 58, 45, and 70? Then, if you subtract 43 from this sum, what will be the remainder? 7. A merchant, who had 650 barrels of flour, sold 95 barrels to one man, 38 to another, and 225 to another. How many barrels had he left? 8. A jockey bought a horse for 115 dollars; he exchanged him for a better horse, paying 23 dollars, and then sold the better one for 137 dollars. Did he gain or lose? and how much? 9. If 654 be subtracted from 10000, and then 29 670 be added to the remainder, what will be the sum? 10. A gentleman gave 972 dollars for a carriage and two horses; the carriage was valued at 525 dollars. What was the value of the horses? 11. Dr. Franklin died in the year 1790, and he was 84 years old when he died. In what year was he born? 12. A clerk went out with 240 dollars, to settle some accounts: he paid 126 dollars to one man, received 37 dollars from another, and paid 94 dollars to another. How many dollars had he then? 13. Add together two hundred, sixteen thousand, thirteen million, and seven billion; and then subtract ten thousand from the sum 1. If a gunner shoot 72 pigeons every time he goes a gunning, how many will he shoot in going 3 times? We might here obtain the answer by adding together, 72 and 72 and 72; but we shall obtain it more readily by multiplying 72 by 3; that is, by finding 3 times 72. Multiplicand 72 216 We write 72, and write 3 under it. Then we multiply the 2 units and the 7 tens separately, thus, 3 times 2 are 6; 3 times 7 are 21. Observe, that the number which we multiply is called the multiplicand; the number by which we multiply is talled the multiplier; and the number which we obtain by multiplication is called the product. Find the product in each of the following examples. 6. If a farm produce 230 bushels of wheat a year, how many bushels will it produce in 3 years? 7. Multiply 512 by 4; that is, find 4 times 512. 743 6 SECTION 2. 1. Multiply 743 by 6;—that is, find 6 times 743. 6 times 3 are 18, or 1 ten and 8 units; we write only the 8 units, (as in addition), and proceed;-6 times 4 are 24 and 1 we carry are 25; we write the 5 and proceed. Find the product in each of the following examples. (2). 5236 (3). 1908 (4). 6175 4458 (5). 3640 6. What will 3 books cost, at 31 cents apiece? 12. How many are 9 times 16? 17. Multiply 251 by 8,-that is, find 8 times 251. 18. Multiply 475 by 4. 19. Multiply 3086 by 6. 25. Suppose 8 to be a multiplicand, and 6 the multi plier; how much will be the product? 26. Suppose 35 to be a multiplicand, and 7 the multi plier; how much will be the product? 27. Suppose 491 to be a multiplicand, and 5 the multiplier; how much will be the product? SECTION 3. 1. Multiply 657 by 24. 657 2628 1314 15768 We first multiply by the 4 units. Then we multiply by the 2 tens, and since this product must be ten times greater than it would be if the 2 were 2 units, we set the product one place to the left. At last, we add the two products together, and the sum is the whole product of 657 by 24. 2. Multiply 75 by 16. 3. MULTIPLICATION. RULE FOR MULTIPLICATION. 103 Write the multiplier under the multiplicand, placing units under units, &c. When there is but one figure in the multiplier, begin with the units, multiply each figure in the multiplicand separately, and place each product under the figure in the multiplicand from which it arose; observing to carry the tens to the left as in addition. When there is more than one figure in the multiplier, multiply by each figure separately, and write its product in a separate line, placing the right hand figure of each line under the figure by which you multiply; and finally, add together the several products. The sum will be the whole product. 7. Suppose 5 476 208 to be a multiplicand, and 3942 the multiplier; how much will be the product? 5476208 10952416 21904832 49285872 16428624 21587211936 8. Suppose 73 054 to be a multiplicand, and 548 the multiplier; how much will be the product? 9. Suppose 295 to be a multiplicand, and 486 the multiplier; what will be the product? 10. What is the product of 9351 by 765 ? 15. There is an orchard containing 9 rows of trees, and there are 57 trees in each row. are there in the orchard? How many trees 16. A merchant bought 75 pipes of wine, at 145 dollars a pipe. What did the whole cost? 17. A merchant bought 37 mules, for shipping, at 52 dollars per head. What did the whole cost? 18. A man travelled 26 days, travelling 47 miles a day. How far did he travel in the whole time? 19. A merchant sold 342 tons of iron, at 142 dollars per ton. What was the price of the whole? 20. If a coach wheel turn round 346 times in 1 mile, how many times will it turn round in the distance from New York to Philadelphia, it being 95 miles? 21. A prize was divided among 47 men, and each man received 25 dollars. How much was the prize? 22. What sum of money must be divided among 45 men, so that each man shall receive 59 dollars? 23. A merchant bought 7 bales of cloth, each balu containing 11 pieces, and each piece, 29 yards. How many pieces, and how many yards were there? 24. A trader bought 9 pieces of cloth, each piece containing 42 yards, at 6 dollars a yard. How many yards were there, and what did the whole cost? 25. If hats are worth 7 dollars apiece, what are 15 boxes of hats worth, each box containing 24 hats? How 26. The distance from Washington to Boston is 436 miles; and in each mile there are 320 rods. many rods is it from Washington to Boston? 27. The distance from Washington to New-Orleans is 1255 miles. How many rods is it? 28. What is the value of the hay, that is produced on 16 farms; allowing each farm to produce 62 tons, and allowing the hay to be worth 12 dollars a ton? 29. There are 24 hours in a day, and 365 days in a year. If a ship sail 7 miles in an hour, how many miles will she sail in a year? 30. How many days' work can 9 men do in 24 days? 31. How many days will it take 1 man to perform a piece of work, that 9 men will perform in 24 days? 32. How many days will it take 1 man to build a piece of road, that 13 men can build in 47 days? 33. How many men must be employed to do a piece of work in 1 day, that 11 men can perform in 18 days? 34. Suppose that a ship's crew of 13 men will drink 82 gallons of water in 14 days, how long would the same quantity of water last 1 man? |