ADDITION is the method of finding the sum, or amount, of two or more numbers.

I. To add integers, or whole numbers.

RULE 1.-Place the numbers to be added, units under units, tens under tens, etc., as in the first example.

2. Add up the unit column, set down the right-hand figure of the amount, and add the rest in with the next column. 3. Go through the same process with all the columns, observing to set down the whole amount of the last column. PROOF. Add the columns downwards.

20. Add 364, 962, 728, 672, 526, 894.
21. Add 904, 784, 1042, 2048, 6431, 214.
22. Add 99, 462, 728, 962, 7864, 9626.
23. Add 4398, 764, 890, 764, 948, 604, 708.
24. Add 6376, 784, 962, 769, 894, 1963, 98.
25. Add 94, 62, 67, 24, 78, 94, 62, 74, 9.
26. Add 46, 67, 82, 94, 76, 24, 30, 56, 82.
27. Add 38, 94, 62, 26, 74, 96, 100, 200.
28. Add 76, 962, 864, 964, 672, 968, 512.
29. Add 92, 764, 672, 376, 962, 762, 808.
30. Add 3948, 4672, 7896, 8900, 7604, 326.

Ans. 4146. Ans. 11423. Ans. 19741.

Ans. 9076. Ans. 11846. Ans. 564. Ans. 557. Ans. 690. Ans. 5018.

Ans. 4436.

Ans. 33346.

31. Add twenty-four, thirty-six, seventy-nine, two hundred and six, four thousand two hundred and twenty-nine, and six thousand, into one sum. Ans. 10574.

32. How many are twenty-four yards, thirty-six yards, and two hundred and forty yards?

Ans. 300 yds.

33. How many are 364 lbs., 562 lbs., 764 lbs., 962 lbs., 782 lbs., 960 lbs., 788 lbs., and 904 lbs. ?

34. Add the number of days in each of together.

Ans. 6086 lbs. the calendar months Ans. 365 days. $326, $384, $264,

35. A man owes four debts, as follows: and $296; how much does he owe in all? Ans. $1270. 36. Bought 4 hogsheads of sugar, weighing 762 lbs., 694 lbs., 762 lbs., and 896 lbs.; how many pounds in all?

Ans. 3114 lbs.

II. To add integers and decimals.

NOTE. Decimals are fractions or parts of whole numbers, and are separated from them by a point or separatrix.

RULE 1.-Place the whole numbers as before; and the decimals, tenths under tenths, hundredths under hundredths, etc., with a point at the left.

What is addition? What is the rule for working addition? 1st? 2d? 3d? What is the rule for adding integers and decimals?

What are decimals?

2 Begin with the right-hand column; add up and carry, as in whole numbers; place the decimal point in the amount exactly under the decimal point in the numbers added.

⚫42. Add 426.25, 538.5, 648.12, 839.16, 648.24, and 927.32, into one amount.

Ans. 4027.59.

43. Add 828.09, 934.16, 724.37, 632.34, 812.36, and 1236.78, into one amount.

44. Add 426.875 lbs., 138.125 lbs., lbs., and 4216.6 lbs., into one amount. 45. Add 226.25 yards, 364.75 yards, yards, into one amount.

Ans. 5168.1. 149.625 lbs., 237.375 Ans. 5168.6 lbs. 572.125 yards, 628.875 Ans. 1792 yds.

The denominations are eagles, dollars, dimes, cents, and mills. Mill from mille, (Latin,) a thousand, so called because it takes a thousand to make a dollar. Cent from centum, (Latin,) a hundred.

III. To add dollars, cents, and mills.

RULE. Place the several amounts, dollars under dollars, cents under cents, and mills under mills; add up as before; place the separatrix between the different denominations.

PROOF.-As before.

50. A country dealer bought goods of a merchant in the city as follows: Jan. 4, $326.25; Feb. 10, $362.25; Mar. 16, $336.75; and April 20, $375.12.5: what was the whole amount he bought? Ans. $1400.37.5. 51. Bought a table for $12.62.5; a set of chairs for $16.37.5; a carpet for $22.12.5; and a bedstead for $16.12: how much did the whole cost? Ans. $67.24.5.

IV. To add eighths, quarters, and halves.

RULE. Find the decimal expression by the following table, and add as in Case II.

52. Add $362, $3481, $3621, $3483, $462, $3297.

362.5

348.25

362.125

348.375

462.625

329.875

Ans. $2213.75

53. How many yards in 4 pieces of calico, as follows: 221 yds., 23 yds., 25 yds., and 257 yds. ?

Ans. 96.75, or 96 yds.

What is the rule for adding dollars, cents, and mills?

54. How many cwt. in 12 cwt., 123 cwt., 133 cwt., and 13ğ cwt.? Ans. 52 cwt. 55. Sold flour at one time for $3641, at another for $3723, at another for $462, and at another for $5267; what is the amount of the four sales? Ans. $1726. six days, as follows: the first day 22 miles; the third 363 miles; the fourth miles; and the sixth 56 miles: how in the six days?

56. If a man travel miles; the second 24 62 miles; the fifth 49 far will he have traveled

Ans. 251.5, or 251 miles.

57. How many days in six years, allowing 365 days to the year? Ans. 2191.5, or 2191 days.

58. A ship sailing from New York to Europe, the first three days made 80 leagues per day, the next two days 863 leagues per day, and the two following days 961 leagues per day: how far was she from New York at the end of the seventh day?

Ans. 606.5, or 606 leagues.

59. A merchant, on looking over his leger, finds that A owes him $5261, B $6365, C $4293, D $4293, E $729, and F $8641: how much do they all owe? Ans. $3616.

SUBTRACTION.

From Subtraho, (Latin.)

SUBTRACTION is the method of finding the difference between two numbers.

In Subtraction there are three terms, as follows:

The Minuend, the greater number.

The Subtrahend, the less number.

The Remainder, the difference between the greater and the less number.

I. To subtract integers, or whole numbers.

! RULE 1.-Place the less number under the greater, units under units, tens under tens, etc.

the

2.-Begin with the units; take the lower number from upper, and set the difference directly underneath.

3. If the lower number be greater than the upper, (in your mind) take one from the next figure, and place it to the left of the upper figure, and from that amount subtract the lower figure.