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tion; in his time Hellas was terribly oppressed by drought; the god raining neither on the country without the isthmus, nor on the Peloponnesus. The delphic oracle was consulted. The Pythia replied, that Jupiter must be rendered propitious by acus. The cities entreated him to be their mediator. He sacrificed and prayed to Jupiter Panhellenius, and procured rain. Pausanius relates, that he saw the statues of the persons, deputed to attend him on that emergency, at the entrance of the Æacéum, a quadrangular wall of white stone, by the city, inclosing some ancient olive-trees, and a low altar; and also, that the other Greeks then concurred in assigning that reason for the embassy. On a summit of Mount Sciron in Attica, was a temple of Jupiter, surnamed Aphesius, from his remitting their calamity; and a statue of the Earth,* in a suppliant posture, requesting Jupiter to send her rain, which was in the acropolis at Athens, referred, it is most likely, to the same story.

The temple of Jupiter Panhellenius is of the doric order, and had six columns in front. It has twenty-one of the exterior columns yet standing; with the two in the front of the pronaos and of the posticum; and five of the number, which formed the ranges within the cell. The entablature, except the architrave, is fallen. The stone is of a light brownish colour, much eaten in many places, and by its decay witnessing a very great age. Some of the columns have been injured by boring to their centres for the metal. In several the junction of the parts is so exact, that each seems to consist of one piece. Digging by a column of the portico of the naos, we discovered a fragment of fine sculpture. It was the hind-part

*Pausanias, p. 57. See Bryant's Mythology, p. 414.

of a greyhound, of white marble, and belonged, it is probable, to the ornaments fixed on the frieze, which has a groove in it, as for their insertion. I searched afterwards for this remnant, but found only a small bit, with some spars; sufficient to shew, that the trunk had been broken and removed. The temple was inclosed by a peribolus or wall, of which traces are extant. We considered this ruin as a very curious article, scarcely to be paralleled in its claim to remote antiquity. The situation on a lonely mountain, at a distance from the sea, has preserved it from total demolition, amid all the changes and accidents of numerous centuries. Since the worship of Jupiter has been abolished, and Æacus forgotten, that has been its principal protection; and will, it is likely, in some degree prolong its duration to ages yet remote.

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We continued our journies up the mountain, until our work was done, setting out before sun-rise, and returning to our bark in the evening. The heat of noon, during which we reposed under a tree, or in the shade of the temple, was excessive. A south-easterly wind succeeded, blowing fresh, and murmuring amusively among the pines. On the third day, toward evening, we descended to the shore, embarked hastily, and unmoored; bringing away the carcase of a pig on a wooden spit, half roasted. We were apprehensive lest the wind, which, at that season, commonly sets into the gulf in the day-time, and comes in a contrary direction soon after sun-set, should fail, before we could reach the port of the ancient city. The boys mounted to the sharp ends of the yards, high in air above the masts, undid the knots of the sails, which were furled, and tied them anew with rushes. We were towed out of the bay, and then pulling the ropes, the rushes breaking, fell down, and the canvas spread.

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CHAP. IV.

Shoals and rocks-A phenomenon-We anchor in the mole of Egina-Of the city-Of the barrow of Phocus-PhreattysOf Oea-The present town-The island.

WE passed round the eastern end of the island, near a pointed rock called Turlo, and sometimes mistaken for a vessel under sail; the city Ægina fronting Libs, or the south west. The coast was mostly abrupt and inaccessible; the land within, mountainous and woody. Our crew was for some time engaged in looking out for one of the lurking shoals, with which it is environed. These, and the single rocks extant above the surface, are so many in number, and their position so dangerous, that the navigation to Ægina was anciently reckoned more difficult than to any other of the islands. The Æginetans, indeed, said they were purposely contrived, and disposed by Eacus to protect their property from piratical robbers, and for a terror to their enemies.

We were now amused by a very striking phenomenon. The sun was setting; and the moon, then risen in the eastern, or opposite portion of the hemisphere, was seen adorned, as it were, with the beams of that glorious luminary, which appeared, probably from the reflection or refraction of the atmosphere, not as usual, but inverted, the sharp end pointing to the horizon, and the ray widening upwards.

The evening was hazy, and the mountain-tops, on the west and north-west, enveloped in clouds; from which proceeded

lightning, pale and forky, or resembling the expansion of a ball of fire. We were becalmed for a few minutes, but the breeze returned, and we moved pleasantly along; the splendid moon disclosing the solemn hills, and the sea as bright as placid. We now tacked, and, standing to the north-west, came to a barrow near the shore; and then doubling a low point of land, cast anchor, about three hours after sun-set, by a vessel within the mole of the city Ægina.

The maritime genius of the old Eginetans was founded, like that of the present Hydriotes, upon necessity. This too produced among them the invention of silver coinage; their commerce requiring a medium, and their country furnishing only such unimportant articles for exportation, as rendered the venders proverbially contemptible. With this disadvantage did the city Ægina become a rival of its neighbour Athens. Its site, which has been long forsaken, was now naked, except a few wild fig-trees, and some fences made by piling the loose stones. It had produced corn, and was not cleared from the stubble. Instead of the temples mentioned by Pausanius, we had in view thirteen lonely churches, all very mean, as usual; and two doric columns supporting their architrave. These stand by the sea side toward the low cape; and it has been supposed, are a remnant of a temple of Venus, which was situated by the port principally frequented. The theatre, which is recorded as worth seeing, resembled that of the Epidaurians both in size and workmanship. It was not far from the private port; the stadium, which, like that at Priene, was constructed with only one side, being joined to it behind, and each structure mutually sustaining and propping the other. The walls belonging to the ports and arsenal, were of excellent masonry, and may be traced to a considerable extent, above,

or nearly even with the water. At the entrance of the mole, on the left, is a small chapel of St. Nicholas; and opposite, a square tower with steps before it, detached, from which a bridge was laid across, to be removed on any alarm. This structure, which is mean, was erected by the Venetians while at war with the Turks, in 1693, as appears by an inscription, cut in large characters, on a piece of veined marble fixed in the wall. I copied it as exactly as its height and the powerful reflection of the sun would permit. Some letters remain of a more ancient inscription in Greek.

DxO OAI-MOE

FRANCISCI MAVROCENI

DVCISVENET & COMIVSSV

ALOYISIOM OCENICO

C. GVLPHI CVRANTE

ERECTA

A. MDCXCII.

The barrow, which we saw on the sea-shore, was probably that once by the Æacéum. It was designed, it is related, for Phocus, and its history as follows. Telamon and Peleus, sons of Æacus, challenged their half brother Phocus to contend in the Pentathlum. In throwing the stone, which served as a quoit, Peleus hit Phocus, who was killed; when both of them fled. Afterward, Telamon sent a herald to assert his innocence. Eacus would not suffer him to land, or to apologize, except from the vessel; or, if he chose rather, from a heap cast up in the water. Talemon, entering the private port by night, raised a barrow, as a token, it is likely, of a pious regard for the deceased. He was afterwards condemned as not free from guilt; and sailed away again to Salamis. The barrow in the second century, when seen by Pausanius, was sur

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