2. In taking the dimensions of a cottage, I find that half the compass, on the outside, is 40 feet, half the compass within 37 feet, the height from the foundation to the eaves 9 feet, the height of the gable-end 5 feet, and its breadth 18 feet; how many roods of brickwork are contained in the building; deducting for a door, which measures 6 feet by 3, and a window whose height is 5, and breadth 4 feet?

Ans. 11 roods and 52 feet.

3. The circumference of a circular building at the iron foundry of Messrs. Fenton, Murray, and Wood, in Leeds, is 241 feet, and its height, from the bottom to the eaves, 49 feet 6 inches; how many roods are contained in the wall; deducting for a door whose breadth is 12, and height 14 feet; for 96 windows, each of which measures 6 feet 7 inches by 4 feet; and for 14 windows, whose heights are 9 feet 6 inches, and breadths 5 feet 4 inches? Ans. 135 roods, 19 feet.

4. The true compass of a building, two stories high, is 120 feet 6 inches; the height of the lower story is 10 feet 6 inches, and the thickness of the wall 2 bricks; the height of the upper story is 8 feet 3 inches, and the thickness of the wall 13 brick; the gable-end measures 20 feet in breadth, and 8 feet in height, and is 1 brick thick; what did the brick-work cost at £.14 12s. per standard rod; deducting for 6 windows in the lower story, each of which measures 5 feet 6 inches by 4 feet 3 inches, and a door whose height is 6 feet 6 inches, and breadth 3 feet 9 inches; and four windows in the upper story, whose dimensions are 4 feet 9 inches by 4 feet 3 inches? Ans. £.136 6s. 9d.

MASONS' WORK.

ALL kinds of stone-work belong to Masonry; and the measures generally used are the lineal foot, the square foot, the square yard, the square rood of 63 feet, and the cubic foot.

Carved mouldings, &c. are generally measured by the lineal foot; and ornamental work, such as arches, architraves, friezes, cornices, chimney-pieces, &c. by the square foot. Also all tooled or cleansed work is measured by the square foot; viz. door-posts, windowjambs, flags, steps, &c. ; but rough flagging is generally measured by the square yard.

Walls are sometimes measured by the square yard, and sometimes by the rood of 63 square feet.

Columns, pillars, blocks of marble or stone, &c. are measured by the solid foot; and sometimes the contents of walls are found in the same measure.

Solid measure is chiefly used for materials, and superficial for workmanship; in some places, however, Masons are paid so much per rood, for workmanship and materials; and the price is regulated by the thickness of the wall.

Note 1. The dimensions of stone buildings are taken in the same manner as in Bricklayers' Work; and deductions must be made for doors, windows, &c., except the agreement prohibits it. These deductions, however, ought only to be made for materials; as the workmen are fully entitled to receive pay for the whole, as walling, in consequence of the trouble of fixing the windowjambs, &c.

In measuring tooled or cleansed fronts, the doors and windows must be deducted; as the price of the workmanship, in these cases, is too considerable for them to be included.

2. The walls of the upper stories of buildings are, in general, not so thick as those of the lower stories; but the price for the workmanship is commonly the same, in consideration of the trouble of scaffolding, and the labour of carrying up the materials.

3. In some places it is customary to measure door-posts, window-jambs, steps, &c. by the cubic foot for the materials, and the superficial foot for the workmanship; and in others, so much per superficial foot, is charged for workmanship and materials; and in taking the breadth, or girt, the tape is made to ply close over every part of the stone that has been tooled, except it appear that the workmen have intentionally tooled more than is necessary.

The length of a circular window-head, or door-head, is found by taking half the sum of the greater and less arches.

4. In making the notch in the window-jambs, for the frame of the window, some workmen are in the habit of tooling or chiseling the jambs further on the inside, than the widow frame requires, in order to make the work measure to as much as possible; few architects will, however, allow more than 3 or 4 inches for both sides of the notch.

5. In measuring a flight of steps, make the tape ply close over them, in the middle, from the top to the bottom, for the length; and take the length of a step for the breadth. Or, if the steps be all of one size, multiply the area of one step by the number of steps.

The ends and the landings ought always to be measured by themselves.

6. All the parts of ornamental frontispieces must be measured separately; viz. plinths, dados, columns, pilasters, architraves, friezes, cornices, pediments, &c. &c.

7. It is customary, in some places, to allow double measure for all kinds of circular work, such as cylindrical or conical columns, circular pediments, arched door or window-heads, &c.; and also for cornices, feathered gables, &c.; in other places, only the area and half the area are allowed; it is much better, however, to proportion the price to the workmanship, and take the true measure

ment.

It is also customary, in most places, to pay the workmen so much per yard lineal, for the trouble of turning the corners of buildings, and hewing the stones in a proper manner to form these corners.

If the corners be formed by tooled or cleansed coins, they must be measured separately, and added to the tooled or cleansed work. In this case no other charge ought to be made for the corners.

It may likewise be observed that Masons are generally allowed something extra, for the trouble of turning arches.

EXAMPLES.

1. The length of a wall is 86 feet 9 inches, its height 10 feet 6 inches, and its thickness 2 feet 3 inches; required its superficies and solidity.

2. The length of a flight of Yorkshire-stone steps is 10 feet 6 inches, and their breadth 3 feet 9 inches; the landing measures 5 feet 3 inches by 4 feet 6 inches ; to what do they amount, at 1s. 9d. per square foot, for workmanship and materials?

Ans. £.5 10s. 3d.

3. The side of a square pillar, of Portland-stone, measures 1 foot 9 inches, and its height 7 feet 6 inches ; what is the value of six pillars of the same dimensions, at 5s. 9d. per cubic foot? Ans. £.39 12s. 5d.

4. The circumference of the base of a stone column measures 6 feet 10 inches, the circumference at the top 3 feet 8 inches, and the slant height 9 feet 3 inches; required the expense of cleansing or polishing the convex surfaces of four such columns, at 1s. 9d. per square foot. Ans. £.16 19s. 111d.

5. The threshold of a door measures 4 feet 6 inches in length, 11 inches in breadth, and 5 inches in thickness; the head is 4 feet 11 inches long, 10 inches broad, and 7 inches thick; each jamb is 6 feet 5 inches in height, 10 inches broad, and 7 inches thick; how many cubic feet of stone do they all contain ?

Ans. 10 ft. 4 in. 2 pa. 6. A window-sole measures 5 feet 10 inches in length, andd 15 inches in girt; the head is 5 feet 8 inches long

and girts 11 inches; the height of each jamb is 6 feet 4 inches, and the girt, including 3 inches for the notch, 1 foot 2 inches; what will be the expense of tooling the soles, heads, and jambs of eight such windows, at 7d. per square foot? Ans. £.6 7s. 2 d.

7. The mantle-tree of a fire-place measures 6 feet 3 inches in length, 9 inches in breadth, and 6 inches in thickness; the height of each jamb is 4 feet 9 inches, the breadth 9 inches, and the thickness 6 inches; the length of the slab is 6 feet 3 inches, and its breadth 2 feet 6 inches; the two coves are each 4 feet 9 inches high, and 9 inches broad; the chimney-piece measures 6 feet 9 inches by 6 inches; what did the marble cost; the jambs and mantle being at £.4 10s. per cubic foot, and the coves, slab, and chimney-piece at 12s. 6d. per square foot? Ans. £.42 18s. 14d.

8. Farnley Chapel, in the Parish of Leeds, measures 66 feet 8 inches in length, and 32 feet 7 inches in breadth, on the outside; its perpendicular height from the foundation to the ridge, is 32 feet, and from the foundation to the eaves, 22 feet 6 inches; and the thickness of the wall is 2 feet; how many roods of materials are contained in the building; taking its true compass, and deducting for 7 arched windows, whose heights, from the sole to the crown or middle of the arch are 11 feet 8 inches, from the sole to the spring of the arch, or where it begins to turn, 9 feet 4 inches, a breadths 4 feet 9 inches; and for an arched door, whose height, from the threshold to the crown of the arch, is 9 feet 4 inches, from the threshold to the spring of the arch, 7 feet, and breadth 4 feet 9 inches?

Ans. 66 roods 23 feet. 9. A cloth will, at Armley, in the Parish of Leeds, measures 192 feet in length, and 32 feet in breadth, on the outside; its perpendicular height, from the foundation to the eaves, is 35 feet, the height of the

le-end 8 feet, and the thickness of the wall 2 feet; How many roods does the building contain; taking the