9. Make and solve a problem like the eighth, using different numbers. 10. If I have 4 recitations daily when in school and am absent Monday and Friday, how many recitations do I have during the week? Make and answer three questions in solving this problem. 11. A boy goes to a store with one dollar in his pocket. He buys a knife for a half dollar, a book for a quarter of a dollar, a comb for a dime, and five pencils for a nickel. How much money has he left after paying for his purchases? 12. James learns to spell 12 new words each school day. Mary learns to spell 8 new words each school day. How many more new words will James learn in 4 days than Mary learns? Make and answer two questions in solving this problem. WRITTEN If problems can be solved mentally, express the work, using signs to indicate the operations, and give the result orally. 13. A man had 145 cords of wood and sold 97 cords. How many cords had he left? 14. A man having 145 cords of wood sold a number of cords, and then had 48 cords left. did he sell? How many cords 15. A man sold 97 cords of wood and then had 48 cords left. How many cords had he at first? Notice how this problem differs from problems 13 and 14. 16. Mr. Jones bought a farm for $8765 and sold it at a loss of $297. How much did he receive for it? He received for it (Indicate the operation.) Had he sold it so as to gain $297, how much would he have received? 17. A boy borrows $.75 from a playmate. How much does he owe after paying back $.60? 18. A man borrows $5657.75. owe after returning $2950.25? How does this differ from problem 17? How much does he still 19. Henry sold James a pair of skates for $1.25 and gained 30%. How much did they cost Henry? 20. A man sold a house and lot for $2250 and lost $150 by so doing. How much did the house and lot cost him? 21. Make a problem showing a gain of $.15 on something bought and sold. Solve it. Indicate the solution, using signs. 22. Make a problem giving selling price and loss, or gain, to find the cost. Solve it. 23. A boy earns $5 in one week and $7 the second week. He buys a suit of clothes for $10. How many dollars has he left? Indicate the operation. 24. In one year a man earns $350. The next year he earns $375. His expenses for the two years are $460. How many dollars does he save in two years? 25. A man bought a horse for $125, a carriage for $95, and a harness for $23. If he sold the horse, carriage, and harness for $225, did he gain or lose? How much? For how much should he sell them to gain $45? To lose $30 ? 26. A man bought a lot for $775 and costing $2375. He sold both for $5000. built a house on it Find his profit. 27. A family earns $900 a year and spends $140 for rent, $105.50 for meat, $210.75 for groceries, and $240 for clothing and other expenses. How much does this family save during the year? This problem may be explained as follows: The family spends for rent, meat, groceries, and clothing in one year $140.00 + 105.50 + 210.75 + 240.00 $696.25 If a family earns $900 a year and spends $696.25, it saves $900.00 --696.25 $203.75 Make and solve a similar problem. 28. A man sold a grocer eggs for $1.50, cherries for $2.25, butter for $7.80. He bought from the grocer sugar for $3.50, vinegar for $.40, coffee for $1.20, oil for $.50, and tea for $1.12. In settlement which owed the other, and how much? 29. A newsboy buys 25 papers of one kind for 254, 15 papers of another kind for 304, and 10 papers of a third kind for 30. How much does he pay for all? 30. He sells all of the first kind for 50, 12 of the second kind for 36, and 5 of the third kind for 25¢. How much does he receive? 31. A newsboy buys 50 papers for ; he sells all of the papers for —¢. How many cents does he gain? Fill the blanks with the proper numbers and solve. 32. A man divides $2650 among his wife and two children. The wife receives $1500, the son $900 less than the mother. How much does the daughter receive? REVIEW 20. 1. Define difference or remainder; subtrahend; minuend. 2. Show that adding 10 to the number in any order of the minuend and 1 to the number of the next higher order in the subtrahend does not affect the difference. 3. Show that adding 10 to the number in any order of the minuend and subtracting 1 from the number of the next higher order of the minuend does not affect the difference.. 4. How can you prove the correctness of the result of subtraction? MULTIPLICATION 21. Multiplication is the process of taking one number as many times as there are units in another. It is a short process of finding the sum of several equal numbers. The sign of multiplication is ×, and is read times or multiplied by. 15 × 8 is read 15 times 8, or 15 multiplied by 8. 6 × 5 is the same as 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5, or 5 taken 6 times; or it may be regarded as 6+6 +6 +6 +6, or 6 taken 5 times. The multiplicand is the number multiplied. The multiplier is the number by which the multiplicand is multiplied. The product is the result of the multiplication. The multiplier and multiplicand are factors of the product. The product divided by either the multiplicand or the multiplier gives the other factor. 62 Multiplicand 3 Multiplier Factors 1863-62 A 186 Product power of a number is the product arising from using the number two or more times as a factor. ILLUSTRATION: 10 x 10 = 100. 100 is the second power, or the square of 10. 10 x 10 is also written 102 and is read 10 square, or the second power of 10. 10 x 10 x 10 = 1000, or 108. 108 is the third power, or the cube of 10. |