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LAND OR SQUARE MEASURE.

Square measure is used in measuring land, and any other thing, where length and breadth are considered. The denominations are miles, acres, roods, perches, yards, feet and inches.

¶ 35. 3 feet in length make a yard in long measure; but it requires 3 feet in length and 3 feet in breadth to make a yard in square measure; 3 feet in length and one foot wide make 3 square feet; 3 feet in length and 2 feet wide make 2 times 3, that is, 6 square feet; 3 feet in length and 3 feet wide make 3 times 3, that is, 9 square feet. This will clearly appear from the annexed figure.

3 feet 1 yard.

3 feet = 1 yard.

It is plain, also, that a square foot, that is, a square 12 inches in length and 12 inches in breadth, must contain 12 × 12 = 144 square inches.

144 square inches

TABLE.

12 × 12; that is,

12 inches in length and 12 inches make 1 square foot.

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Note. Gunter's chain, used in measuring land, is 4 rods in length. It consists of 100 links, each link being 79 inches in length; 25 links make 1 rod, long measure, and 25 square links make 1 square rod.

37. In 17 acres 3 roods 12 38. In 776457 square feet, rods, how many square feet? how many acres?

Note. In reducing rods to Note. Here we have 776457 feet, the multiplier will be square feet to be divided by 2721. To multiply by, is to 2721. Reduce the divisor to take a fourth part of the mul- fourths, that is, to the lowest tiplicand. The principle is denomination contained in it; the same as shown T 34, then reduce the dividend to ex. 31.

39. Reduce 64 square miles o square feet?

fourths, that is, to the same denomination, as shown T32, ex. 34.

40. In 1,784,217,600 square feet, how many square miles? 42. Reduce 23040 acres to

41. There is a town 6 miles square; how many square square miles. miles in that town? how many acres?

yd.3 feet thick.

SOLID OR CUBIC MEASURE.

Solid or cubic measure is used in measuring things that have length, breadth, and thickness; such as timber, wood, stone, bales of goods, &c. The denominations are cords, tons, yards, feet, and inches.

36. It has been shown, that a square yard contains 3 X 39 square feet. A cubic yard is 3 feet long, 3 feet vide, and 3 feet thick. Were it 3 feet long, 3 feet wide, nd one foot thick, it would contain 9 cubic feet; if 2 feet hick, it would contain 2 X 9 18 cubic feet; and, as it is 3 feet thick, it does contain 3 × 9 : 27 cubic feet. This will clearly appear from the annexed figure.

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It is plain, also, that a cubicfoot, that is, a solid, 12 inches in length, 12 inches in breadth, and 12 inches in thickness, will contain 12 X 12 X 12 = 1728 solid or cubic inches.

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Note. What is called a cord foot, in measuring wood, is 16 solid feet; that is, 4 feet in length, 4 feet in width, and 1 foot in height, and 8 such feet, that is, S cord feet make 1 cord.

43. Reduce 9 tons of round] timber to cubic inches.

45. In 37 cord feet of wood,! how many solid feet?

47. Reduce 64 cord feet of wood to cords.

49. In 16 cords of wood, how many cord feet? many solid feet?

how

44. In 622080 cubic inches, many tons of round tim

ber?

46. In 592 solid feet of wood, how many cord feet? 48. In 8 cords of wood, how many cord feet?

50. 2048 solid feet of wood, how how many cord feet? how many cords?

WINE MEASURE.

Wine measure is used in measuring all spirituous liquors, ale and beer excepted; also vinegar and oil.

The denomi

nations are tuns, pipes, hogsheads, barrels, gallons, quarts, pints, and gills.

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Note. A gallon, wine measure, contains 231 cubic inches.

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ALE OR BEER MEASURE.

Ale or beer measure is used in measuring ale, beer, and milk. The denominations are hogsheads, barrels, gallons, quarts, and pints.

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Note. A gallon, beer measure, contains 282 cubic inches.

57. Reduce 47 bar. 18 gal.

of ale to pints.

59. In 29 hhds. of beer,

how many pints?

58. In 13680 pints of ale, how many barrels ?

60. Reduce 12528 pints to hogsheads.

DRY MEASURE.

Dry measure is used in measuring all dry goods, such as grain, fruit, roots, salt, coal, &c. The denominations are chaldrons, bushels, pecks, quarts, and pints.

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Note. A gallon, dry measure, contains 2684 cubic inches. A Winchester bushel is 18 inches in diameter, 8 inches deep, and contains 2150 cubic inches.

61. In 75 bushels of wheat, 62. In 4800 pints, how ma

how many pints?

63. Reduce 42 chaldrons of

coals to pecks.

ny bushels?

64. In 6048 pecks, how ma

ny chaldrons ?

TIME.

The denominations of time are years, months, weeks, days, hours, minutes, and seconds.

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37. The year is also divided into 12 calendar months, which, in the order of their succession, are numbered as follows, viz.

January, 1st month, has 31 days.

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31

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30

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31

June,

6th,

30

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Note. When any year can be divided by 4 without a remainder, it is called leap year, in which February has 29 days.

The number of days in each month may be easily fixed in the mind by committing to memory the following lines :

Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November,
February twenty-eight alone;
All the rest have thirty-one.

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