30. At $18'50 per ton, how much hay may be bought for $12'025? 31. What will 3 qrs. 2 na. of broadcloth cost, at $6 per yard? 32. At $22 10 for transportation of 65 cwt. 46 miles, what is that per ton ? 33. Bought a silver cup, weighing 9 oz. 4 pwt. 16 grs. for 3 £. 2 s. 3 d. 33 q.; what was that per ounce ? 34. Bought 9 chests of tea, each weighing 3 cwt. 2 qrs. 21 lbs, at 4 £. 9 s. per cwt.; what came they to? 35. If 5 acres 1 rood produce 26 quarters 2 bushels of wheat, how many acres will be required to produce 47 quarters 4 bushels? Note. The above example will require two operations, for which consult ¶ 65, ex. 1. 36. A lady purchased a gold ring, giving at the rate of $20 per ounce; she paid for the ring $125; how much did it weigh? REDUCTION OF CURRENCIES. ¶ 78. Previous to the act of Congress in 1786 establish ing federal money, all calculations in money, throughout the United States, were made in pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, the same as in England. But these denominations, although the same in name, were different in value in different countries. England, The New Eng- Virginia, Thus, 1 dollar is reckoned in 4 s. 6 d., called English, or sterling money 5 s. called Canada currency. 6 s., called New England currency. 8 s., called New York currency. New Jersey, S. Carolina and Georgia, } } 1 dollar is reckoned in 7 s. 6 d., called Pennsylvania currency. 4 s. 8 d., called Georgia currency. 1. Reduce 6£. 11 s. 64 d. to federal money. Note. To reduce pounds, shillings, pence and farthings, in either of the above-named currencies, to federal money,— First, reduce the shillings, pence and farthings (if any be "ontained in the given sum) to the decimal of a pound by inspection, as already taught, T 76. = 6£. 11 s. 64 d. = £6′576. = ENGLISH MONEY.-Now, supposing the above sum to be English money,-1£. is 20 s. 240 pence, in all the above currencies. 1 dollar, in English money, is reckoned 4 s. 6 d. 54 pence, that is, of 1 pound. Now, as many times as, the fraction which 1 dollar is of 1 pound, English money, is contained in £6'576, so many dollars, it is evident, there must be; that is,-To reduce English to federal money,--Divide the given sum by, the quotient will be federal money. CANADA CURRENCY.-Supposing the above sum to be Canada currency,- dollar, in this currency, is 5 s. = 60 pence, that is, of 1 pound. Therefore,-To reduce Canada currency to federal money,-Divide the given sum by †, and the quotient will be federal money; or, which is the same thing,-Multiply the given sum by 4. £6576 Canada currency. 4 $27'304 federal money. Answer. NEW ENGLAND CURRENCY.- -1 dollar, in this currency, is 6 s. 72 pence, that is, = 1, or '3 of a pound. Therefore,-To reduce New England currency to federal money,-Di vide the given sum by ‘3. '3) £.6'576 New England currency. $21'92 federal money, Answer. 96 240 NEW YORK CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this carrency, is 8 s. = 96 pence, that is, 26, or '4 of a pound. Therefore, -To reduce New York currency to federal money,- -Divide the given sum by '4. '4) £.6'576 New York currency. $16'44 federal money, Answer. 90 PENNSYLVANIA CURRENCY.-1 dollar, in this currency, is 7 s. 6 d. 90 pence, that is, 24 of a pound. Therefore,To reduce Pennsylvania currency to federal money,--Divide by , that is, multiply the given sum by 8, and divide the product by 3. £.6'576 Pennsylvania currency. 8 3)52C08 $17'536 federal money, Answer. Georgia curreNCY.-1 dollar, Georgia currency, is 4 s. 8 d. 56 pence, that is, of a pound. Therefore,To reduce Georgia currency to federal money,-Divide by o that is, multiply the given sum by 30, and divide the product by 7. £. 6'576 Georgia currency. 30 7)197'280 $28'1829 federal money, Answer. From the foregoing examples, we derive the following general RULE:-To reduce English money, and the currencies of Canada and the several States, to federal money,-First, reduce the shillings, &c., if any in the given sum, to the decimal of a pound; this being done, divide the given sum by such fractional part as 1 dollar, in the given currency, is a fractional part of 1 pound. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 2. Reduce 125£., in each of the before named currencies, to federal money. 3. Reduce 1 s. 6 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. Answers. 1 s. 6 d. '075£. English money, is $'333}; Canada currency, it is $30; New England currency, it is $25; New York currency, it is $187; Pennsylvania currency, it is $20; Georgia currency, it is $321. 4. Reduce 75£. 15 s., in the several currencies, to federal money. 5. Reduce 18 £.0 s. 83 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. 6. Reduce 41 d., in the several currencies, to federal money. 7. Reduce 36 £. 3 s. 7 d., in. the several currencies, to federal money. ¶ 79. To reduce federal money to any of the before named currencies, reverse the process in the foregoing operations; that is,-Multiply the given sum in federal money by such fractional part as 1 dollar, in that currency to which you would reduce it, is of 1 pound. The product will be the answer in pounds and decimals of a pound, which must be reduced to shillings, pence and farthings, by inspection, as already taught, ¶ 77. EXAMPLES FOR PRACTICE. 1. Reduce $118'25 to the several before named currencies. £. S. d. English money, is 26 12 11. Answer. N. England currency,... 35 9 $118'25, changed to N. York 6. 2. Change $250 to the several currencies. ¶ 80. It may sometimes be required to reduce one currency to the par, or equality of another currency. 1. Reduce 35£. 6 s. 8 d., English money, to N. England currency. $1 is 4 s. 6 d. = 54 d. English money. $1 is 6 s. 72 d. N. England currency; that is, the value of any number of pounds, shillings, pence, &c., English money, is }} = 1 of the same in N. England currency; consequently,-To re"duce English money to N. England currency,-Multiply by 4, or, which is the same, increase it by part of itself. Thus, £. S. d. 6 8 3) 35 11 15 47 2 2 English money, is 2 New England currency, Answer. Hence we have this general RULE for finding a multiplier to reduce any currency to the par of another : Make $1 in pence, of the currency to be reduced, the denominator of a fraction, over which write $1 in pence, of the currency to which it is to be reduced, for a numerator. This fraction may then be reduced to its lowest terms before multiplying. On the same principles, let the pupil form for himself multipliers, by which To reduce English money to Canada, N. York, Pennsylvania, and Georgia currencies. Canada currency to English, N. England, N. N. York currency to English, Canada, N. Eng- |