15. How many acres of land, at 20 dollars per acre, can a man buy for 540 dollars?

16. A grocer bought a quantity of flour for 239 dollars, which was 8 dollars per barrel how many barrels did he buy?

:

17. A merchant bought a quantity of broadcloth, at 7 dollars per yard, and paid 372 dollars for it: how many yards did he buy?

18. A man hired a horse and chaise to take a ride, and paid 275 cents for the use of it, which was 12 cents per mile: how many miles did he ride?

19. If a man hires a horse and carriage to go 15 miles, and pays 315 cents for it, how many cents does he pay per mile?

20. A young man hired himself out for 164 dollars per month, and at the end of his time he received 201 dollars: how many months did he work?

21. A farmer having 261 dollars, wished to lay it out in young cattle which were worth 10 dollars per head: how many could he buy?

22. A man having 100 acres of land, wishes to find how many building lots it will make, allowing of an acre to a lot: how many lots will it make?

23. How many barrels of beef, at 94 dollars per barrel, can be bought for 156 dollars?

24. How many hours will it take a man to travel 250 miles, if he goes 12 miles per hour?

25. In 1 barrel there are 31 gallons: how many barrels are there in 315 gallons?

26. A farmer paid 843 dollars for some colts, which was 35 dollars apiece: how many did he buy?

27. A wagon maker sold a lot of wagons for 1452 dollars, which was 45 dollars apiece: how many did he sell?

SECTION VII.

COMPOUND NUMBERS.

ART. 87. SIMPLE Numbers are those which express units of the same kind or denomination; as, one, two, three; 4 pears, 5 feet, &c.

COMPOUND Numbers are those which express units of different kinds or denominations; as the divisions of money, weight, and measure. Thus, 6 shillings and 7 pence; 3 feet and 7 inches, &c., are compound numbers. Note.-Compound Numbers are sometimes called Denominate

Numbers.

FEDERAL MONEY.

88. Federal Money is the currency of the United States. Its denominations are, Eagles, dollars, dimes, cents, and mills.

89. The national coins of the United States are of

three kinds, viz: gold, silver, and copper.

1. The gold coins are the eagle, half eagle, and quarter eagle, the double eagle,* and gold dollar.*

2. The silver coins are the dollar, half dollar, quarter dollar, the dime, half dime, and three-cent-piece.

QUEST.-87. What are simple numbers? What are compound numbers? 88. What is Federal Money? Recite the Table. 89. Of how many kinds are the coins of the United States? What are the gold coins? What are the silver coins?

Added by Act of Congress, Feb. 20th, 1849.

3. The

copper

coins are the cent and half cent,

Mills are not coined.

Obs. Federal money was established by Congress, August 8th, 1786. Previous to this, English or Sterling money was the principal currency of the country.

STERLING MONEY.

90. English or Sterling Money is the national currency of Great Britain.

4 farthings (gr. or far.) make 1 penny, marked

d.

S.

1 pound or sovereign, £.

66

1 shilling,

1 guinea.

OBS. The Pound Sterling is represented by a gold coin, called a Sovereign. Its legal value, according to Act of Congress, 1842, is $4.84; its intrinsic value, according to assays at the U. S. mint, is $4.861. The legal value of an English shilling is 244 cents.

TROY WEIGHT.

91. Troy Weight is used in weighing gold, silver, jewels, liquors, &c., and is generally adopted in philosophical experiments.

24 grains (gr.) make 1 pennyweight, marked pwt. 20 pennyweights

12 ounces

1 ounce,

1 pound,

Note.-Most children have very erroneous or indistinct ideas of the weights and measures in common use. It is, therefore, strongly recommended for teachers to illustrate them practically, by referring to some visible object of equal magnitude, or by exhibiting the ounce, the pound; the linear inch, foot, yard, and rod; also a square and cubic inch, foot, &c.

QUEST.-What are the copper coins? Obs. When and by whom was Federal Money established? 90. What is Sterling Money? Repeat the Table. Obs. By what is the Pound Sterling represented? What is its legal value in dollars and tents? What is the value of an English shilling? 91. in what is Troy Weight used? Recite the Table,

AVOIRDUPOIS WEIGHT.

92. Avoirdupois Weight is used in weighing groceries and all coarse articles; as sugar, tea, coffee, butter, cheese, flour, hay, &c., and all metals except gold and silver.

16 drams (dr.)

16 ounces

25 pounds

4 quarters, or 100 lbs.

1 hundred weight, cwt.

1 ton, marked

T.

20 hund., or 2000 lbs. OBS. 1. Gross weight is the weight of goods with the boxes, or bags which contain them, allows 112 lbs. for a hundred weight.

Net weight is the weight of the goods only.

2. Formerly it was the custom to allow 112 pounds for a hundred weight, and 28 pounds for a quarter; but this practice has become nearly or quite obsolete. The laws of most of the states, as well as general usage, call 100 lbs. a hundred weight, and 25 lbs. a quarter.

In estimating duties, and weighing a few coarse articles, as iron, dye-woods, and coal at the mines, 112 lbs. arc still allowed for a hundred weight. Coal, however, is sold in cities, at 100 lbs. for a hundred weight.

APOTHECARIES' WEIGHT.

93. Apothecaries' Weight is used by apothecaries and physicians in mixing medicines.

20 grains (gr.) make 1 scruple, marked sc. or 3.

OBS. 1. The pound and ounce in this weight are the same as the Troy pound and ounce; the subdivisions of the ounce are different. 2. Drugs and medicines are bought and sold by avoirdupois weight.

Obs

QUEST.-92. In what is Avoirdupois Weight used? Recite the Table. What is gross weight? What is net weight? How many pounds were for merly allowed for a quarter? How many for a hundred weight? 93. In what 18 Apothecaries Weight used? Repeat the Table. Obs. To what are the Apothecaries' pond and ounce equal? How are drugs and medicines bought and sold?

LONG MEASURE.

94. Long Measure is used in measuring length or distances only, without regard to breadth or depth.

360 deg. make a great circle, or the circum. of the earth,

OBS. 1. 4 inches make a hand; 9 inches, 1 span; 18 inches, 1 cubit; 6 feet, 1 fathom; 4 rods, 1 chain; 25 links, 1 rod.

2. Long measure is frequently called linear or lineal measure. Formerly the inch was divided into 3 barleycorns; but the barleycorn, as a measure, has become obsolete. The inch is commonly divided either into eighths, or tenths; sometimes it is divided into twelfths, which are called lines.

CLOTH MEASURE.

95. Cloth Measure is used in measuring cloth, lace, and all kinds of goods, which are bought or sold by the yard.

Draw a

Draw one two inches long.
How long is your teacher'a
Obs. What is Long Meas

QUEST.-94. In what is Long Measure used? Repeat the Table. line an inch long upon your slate or black-board. Draw another a foot long. Draw one a yard long. desk? How long is the school-room? How wide? ure frequently called? How is the inch commonly divided at the present dav? 95. In what is Cloth Measure used? Repeat the Table.