SECTION VIII. FEDERAL MONEY. 110. Accounts in the United States are kept in dollars, cents, and mills. Eagles are expressed in dollars, and dimes in cents. Thus, instead of 4 eagles, we say, 40 dollars; instead of 5 dimes, we say, 50 cents, &c. 111. Dollars are separated from cents by placing a point or separatrix (.) between them. 112. To read Federal Money. Hence, Call all the figures on the left of the point, dollars; the first two figures on the right of the point, are cents; the third figure denotes mills; the other places on the right are parts of a mill. Thus, $5.2523 is read, 5 dollars, 25 cents, 2 mills, and 3 tenths of a mill. OBS. 1. Since two places are assigned to cents, when no cents are mentioned in the given number, two ciphers must be placed before the mills. Thus, 5 dollars and 7 mills are written $5.007. 2. If the given number of cents is less than ten, a cipher must always be written before them. Thus, 8 cents are written .08, &c. 1. Read the following expressions: $83.635; $75.50. $126.607; $268.05; $382.005; $2160. 2. Write the following sums: Sixty dollars and fifty cents. Seventy-five dollars, eight cents, and three mills. Forty-eight dollars and seven mills. Nine cents. Six cents and four mills. QUEST.-88. What is Federal Money? What are its denominations? Recite the Table. 110. How are accounts kept in the United States? How are Eagles expressed? Dimes? 111. How are dollars distinguished from cents and mills? 112. How do you read Federal Money? Obs. How many places are assigned to conts? When the number of cents is less than ten, what must be done? When no cents are mentioned, what do you do? REDUCTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. CASE I. Ex. 1. How many cents are there in 65 dollars? Operation. 65 100 6500 cents. Suggestion. Since in 1 dollar there are 100 cents, in 65 dollars there are 65 times as many. Now, to multiply by 10, 100, &c., we annex as many ciphers to the multiplicand, as there are ciphers in the multiplier. (Art. 45.) Hence, 113. To reduce dollars to cents, annex Two ciphers. To reduce dollars tc mills, annex THREE ciphers. To reduce cents to mills, annex ONE cipher. OBS. To reduce dollars and cents to cents, erase the sign of dollars and the separatrix. Thus, $25.36 reduced to cents become 2536 cents. 2. Reduce $4 to cents. 3. Reduce $15 to cents. 4. Reduce $27 to cents. 5. Reduce $85 to cents. 6. Reduce $93 to cents. Ans. 400 cents. 7. Reduce $96 to mills. 8. Reduce $12.23 to cents. 9. Reduce $86.86 to cents. 10. Reduce $9.437 to mills. CASE II. 1. In 2345 cents, how many dollars? Suggestion. Since 100 cents make 1 dollar, 2345 cents, will make as many dollars Operation. 100)2345 as 100 is contained times in 2345. Now to Ans. $23.45 divide by 10, 100, &c., we cut off as many figures from the right of the dividend as there are ciphers in the divisor. (Art. 67.) Hence, QUEST.-113. How are dollars reduced to cents? Dollars to mills? Cents to mills? Obs. Dollars and cents to cents? 114. To reduce cents to dollars. Point off Two figures on the right; the figures remaining on the left express dollars; the two pointed off, cents. Point off THREE figures on the right; the remaining figures express dollars; the first two on the right of the point, cents; the third one, mills. 116. To reduce mills to cents. Point off ONE figure on the right, and the remaining figures express cents; the one pointed off, mills. 2. Reduce 236 cts. to dolls. 3. Reduce 2163 cts. to dolls. 4. Reduce 865 mills to dolls. 5. Reduce 906 mills to cts. 6. Reduce 2652 cts. to dolls. 7. Reduce 3068 cts. to dolls. ADDITION OF FEDERAL MONEY. Ex. 1. What is the sum of $8.125, $12.67, $3.098, $11 ? Suggestion.-Write the dollars under Operation. dollars, cents under cents, mills under mills, and proceed as in Simple Addition. 12.67 3.098 From the right of the amount point off three figures for cents and mills. 11.00 Ans. $34.893 117. Hence, we derive the following general RULE FOR ADDING FEDERAL MONEY. Write dollars under dollars, cents under cents, mills under mills, and add each column, as in simple numbers. From the right of the amount, point off as many figures for cents and mills, as there are places of cents and mills in either of the given numbers. QUEST.-114. How are cents reduced to dollars? 115. Mills to dollars? 117 How do you add Federal Money? How point off the amount? . OBS. If either of the given numbers have no cents expressed, supply their place by ciphers. 10. What is the sum of $63.072, $843.625, and $71.60? 11. Add $873.035, $386.23, $608.938, $169.176. 12. Add 463 dolls. 7 cts.; 248 dolls. 15 cts.; 169 dolls. 9 cts. 7 mills. 13. Add 89 dolls. 8 cts.; 97 dolls. 10 cts. 3 mills; 40 dolls. 6 cts.; 75 dolls. 14. Add 365 dolls. 20 cts. 2 mills; 68 dolls. 6 cts. 5 mills; 7 cts. 3 mills; 286 dolls.; 80 dolls. 6 mills; 30 dolls. 15 cts. 15. A man bought a cow for $16.375, a calf for $4.875, and a ton of hay for $13.50: how much did he pay for the whole? 16. A lady paid $23 for a cloak, $7.625 for a hat, $25.75 for a muff, and $18 for a tippet: how much did she pay for all? 17. A farmer sold a cow for $16.80, a calf for $4.08, a horse for $78, and a yoke of oxen for $63.18: how much did he receive for all? QUEST-Obs. When any of the given numbers have no cents expressed, how is their place supplied? SUBTRACTION OF FEDERAL MONEY. Ex. 1. What is the difference between $845.634, and $86.087? Suggestion.-Write the less number under the greater, dollars under dollars, &c., then subtract, and point off the answer as in addition of Federal Money. Operation. Ans. $759.547. 118. Hence, we derive the following general RULE FOR SUBTRACTING FEDERAL MONEY. Write the less number under the greater, with dollars under dollars, cents under cents, and mills under mills; then subtract, and point off the answer as in addition 10. From $86256.63 take $4275.875 ? 11. From $100250, take $32578.867 ? 12. From 1 dollar, subtract 11 cents. 13. From 3 dolls. 6 cts. 7 mills, take 75 cents. 14. From 110 dolls. 8 mills, take 60 dolls. and 8 cents. 15. From 607 dolls. 7 cents, take 250 dolls. and 3 cts. 16. A lad bought a cap for $2.875, and paid a fivedollar-bill: how much change ought he to receive back? 17. Henry has $7.68, and William has $9.625: how much more has the latter than the former ? 18. From $865275.60, take $340076.875. QUEST.-106. How do you subtract Federal Money? How point off the answer? |