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A gallon, a quart, and a pint measure should be brought into class. Pupils should measure, and thus learn the relative capacities.

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1. How many pints equal a gallon? a half gallon?

2. How many quarts equal 16 pints? 24 pints? 36 pints?

3. How many gallons equal 28 quarts? 12 qt.? 32 qt.?

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7. Mary bought 34 gallons of cream at 10 a pint. How much did it cost her?

8. A grocer sold 64 gallons of vinegar at 8¢ a pint. How much did he receive for it?

9. Change 127 pt. to gallons.

2)127, no. of pints.
4)63, no. of qt. +1 pt.
15, no. of gal. + 3 qt.

=

Since 2 pints=1 quart, there will be as many quarts as pints; that is, 63 qt. +1 pt. Since 4 quarts 1 gallon, there will be as many gallons as quarts; that is, 15 gal. + 3 qt.

NOTE. The numbers in the operation must be regarded as abstract. Do not say 127 pints ÷ 2 = 63 quarts + 1 pint. It is evident that 127

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Dry measures are used in measuring grain, fruit, roots, and other dry articles. Name five articles sold by the bushel.

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1. Find, by measuring, how many pecks equal a bushel.

2. How many quarts will fill a peck measure?

3. How many quarts will fill a bushel measure?

4. How many bushels do 16 pecks equal? 64 quarts?

Change:

Written Work

1. 3 bu. 2 pk. 6 qt. to pints.

2. 96 pt. to bushels.

3. 1200 qt. to bushels,

4. 65 pk. to bushels.

5. 8 bu. 3 pk. 1 pt. to pints. 6. 1500 pt..to bushels.

Avoirdupois Weight

The teacher should secure a scale and weights, and have pupils weigh articles of different kinds.

Avoirdupois weight is used in weighing heavy articles; as, groceries, coal, grain, and metals, except gold and silver.

16 ounces (oz.)

100 pounds

20 hundredweight

2000 pounds

2240 lb.

1 T. 20 cwt.

= 1 pound (lb.)

= 1 hundredweight (cwt.)

}

= 1 ton (T.)

= 1 long ton

=2000 1b = 32,000 oz.

The long ton is used at the United States custom houses, and in wholesale transactions in coal and iron.

The avoirdupois pound contains 7000 grains, and the avoirdupois ounce, 437 grains.

The unit of avoirdupois weight is the pound.

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1. Name several kinds of articles sold by the pound; by the ton.

2. How many tons equal 6000 pounds? 24,000 pounds? 3. Find the cost of 21 tons of hay at $14 a ton.

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Time measure is used in measuring time. There are two standard units of time, the day and the year.

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