APPLICATIONS OF FEDERAL MONEY. 220. Ex. 1. What is the cost of the several articles, and what the amount, of the following bill? What was the cost of the several articles, and the amount of his bill? Put the following memoranda into the form of bills, and find the amount of each? 3. John Jacob Astor, Esq., of New York, bought, Aug. 18th, 1845, of G. W. Lewis & Co., 25 lbs. of sugar, at 9 cts. a pound; 50 lbs. of coffee, at 11 cts.; 12 lbs. of tea, at 75 cts.; 14 lbs. of raisins, at 14 cts.; 9 doz. eggs, at 10 cts.; and 15 ibs. butter, at 12 cts. What was the cost of the several articles, and what the amount of his bill? 4. W. A. Sanford, Esq. of Philadelphia, bought, June 3d, 1845, of James Conrad, 28 yds. of silk, at $1.25 a yard; 22 yds. of muslin, at 56 cts.; 16 pair of cotton hose, at 37 cts.; 35 pair of silk hose, $1.10; and 25 pair of shoes, at $1.25. What was the cost of the several articles, and how much is due on his account? 5. Messrs. Holmes & Homer of Cincinnati, bought, July 1st, 1845, of H. W. Morgan & Co., 100 bbls. flour, at $4.50 a barrel ; 50 bbls. pork, at $8.25; 25 bbls. beef, at $9.75; 112 kegs of lard, at $3.25; and 25 bu. corn, at 34 cts. What was the cost of the several articles, and how much is due on his account? 6. F. C. Emerson, Esq. of New Orleans, bought, Aug. 12th, 1845, of W. H. Arnold & Co., 35 hhds. molasses, at $12.60 per hogshead; 2100 lbs. sugar, at 5 cts.; 14000 lbs. cotton, at 7 cts.; 1350 lbs. coffee, at 6 cts.; 31200 lbs. rice, at 8 cts. ; 150 boxes of oranges, at $4.121 per box. They credited him 500 clocks, at $5.00 apiece, and his note to balance. What was the amount of charges, and what the amount of the note? 7. Bought 19 yds. broadcloth, at $5.63 per yard; 18 doz. pen-knives, at $4.37 per dozen; 78 lbs. of tea, at $.59; 245 lbs. butter, at $.13: what was the amount of the bill? 8. Bought 85 cwt. of beef, at $6.25 per hundred; 126 bbls. of pork, at $18.62 per barrel; 243 bbls. flour, at $6.871; 35 tons of hay, at $191; 25 cords of wood, at $3.561: what was the amount of the bill? 9. Bought 35 doz. gloves, at $4.50 per doz.; 95 yds. black silk, at $.87 per yard; 115 yds. colored ditto, at $.78; 36 crape shawls, at $32.50 apiece; 65 Broché ditto, at $17.83: what was the amount of the bill? 10. Bought 85 ploughs, at $9.63; 125 hoes, at 63 cents; 94 shovels, at 84 cents; 56 rakes, at 28 cents; 67 axes, at $1.18: what was the amount of the bill? 11. Bought 96 pair black silk hose, at 83 cents; 85 ditto white, at 871⁄2 cents; 135 ditto worsted, at 561 cents; 87 pair men's gloves, at 67 cents; 120 pair ladies' ditto, at 58 cents; 75 cravats, at 96 cents: what was the amount of the bill? 12. Bought 67 Latin Readers, at 63 cents; 60 Greek Readers, at $1.09; 84 Greek Grammars, at 68 cents; 95 Latin ditto, at 62 cents; 35 Virgil, at $2.13; 45 Sallust, at 78 cents; 52 Cicero's Orations, at 75 cents: what was the amount of the bill? 13. Bought 36 pair of boots, at $5.17; 216 pair thick shoes, at $1.37; 135 pair gaiters, at $1.38; 240 pair buskins, at 83 cents; 134 pair slippers, at 68 cents; 87 pair rubbers, at $1.13: what was the amount of the bill? SECTION IX. PERCENTAGE. ART. 222. Percentage and Per Cent. signify a certain allowance on a hundred, or simply hundredths. Thus, the expressions 2 per cent., 4 per cent., 6 per cent., &c., of any number or sun of money, signify 2 hundredths (3) 4 hundredths (1) 6 hundredths (18) of that number or sum. Note.-The terms Percentage and Per Cent., are derived from the Latin per and centum, signifying by the hundred. 223. Since percentage and per cent. signify hundredths, it is manifest any given per cent. may be expressed by decimals. For example, 1 per cent. is written thus .01; 2 per cent. thus .02; 3 per cent. thus .03; 103 per cent. thus 1.03; 125 per cent. thus 1.25; per cent. or of 1 per cent. thus .005; per cent. thus .0025, &c. OBS. 1. When the given per cent. is less than 10, a cipher must always be prefixed to the figure expressing it, in the same manner as when the number of cents is less than 10. (Art. 206. Obs. 1.) When the given per cent. is more than 99, it plainly requires a mixed number to express it. (Art. 183. Obs. 2.) 2. Parts of 1 per cent. may be expressed either by a common fraction, or by de cimals. Thus, the expression 17 per cent. is equivalent to .17625. 3. The first two decimal figures properly denote the per cent., for they are hundredths; the other figures denote parts of hundredths, and therefore express parts of 1 per cent. 1. Write 1 per cent., 2 per cent., 3 per cent., 5 per cent., 8 per cent., and 9 per cent. in decimals. 3 1 2. Write 13 per cent.; 15; 30; 50; 75; 49; 73; 85. QUEST.-222. What do the terms percentage and per cent. signify? What is meant by 2 per cent. of any sum? 4 per cent.? 6 per cent.? 7 per cent.? Note. From what are the terms percentage and per cent. derived? 223. How may any given percentage or per cent. be expressed? Obs. When the given per cent. is less than 10, how is it written? When more than 99, how? How are parts of I per cent. expressed? EXERCISES IN PERCENTAGE. 5. A constable collected $400 for a merchant, and received 2 per cent. for his services: how much did he receive? Operation. $400 .03 Suggestion. Since 3 per cent. is 3, or .03, we multiply the number of dollars collected by 3 per cent. written as a decimal, and pointing off the product as in multiplication of decimals, Ans. $12.00 the result $12, is the answer required. Hence, 225. To calculate percentage on any given number. Multiply the given number by the given per cent. expressed in decimals, and point off the product as in multiplication of decimals. OBS. 1. If the per cent. contains a common fraction which cannot be expressed decimally, first multiply by the decimal, then by the common fraction of the given per cent., and point off the sum of their products as above. 2. It is important for the learner to observe, that the amount of money collected is made the basis upon which the percentage is calculated. That is, the constable is entitled to 3 dollars as often as he collects 100 dollars, and not as often as he pays over 100 dollars, as is frequently supposed. For, in the latter case he would receive only, instead of of the sum in question. This distinction is important, especially in calculating percentage on large sums. QUEST.-225. What is the rule for calculating percentage ? Obs. If the per cent. contains a common fraction which cannot be expressed decimally, how proceed? What is made the basis upon which the percentage for collecting money is calculated? 20. A merchant having deposited $200 in a bank, afterwards drew out 10 per cent. of it: how many dollars did he draw out? 21. A merchant makes a deposit of $1864 and draws out 25 per cent of it: how much has he left in the bank? 22. A merchant shipped 865 boxes of lemons; on the passage home, 15 per cent. of them were thrown overboard: how many boxes did he lose, and how many had he left? 23. How much is 6 per cent. of $1000? 24. How much is 7 per cent. of $1526.33? 25. How much is 8 per cent. of $16.325? 26. A young man worth $1500, lost 31 per cent. of it in gambling: how much did he lose, and how much had he left? 27. A merchant bought a cargo of flour for $1230, and paid 41 per cent. for bringing it home: what was the whole cost of his flour? 28. What is 37 per cent. of $100? Of $2537.50? 29. What is 112 per cent. of $150 ? 30. What is 125 per cent. of $635? 31. What is 250 per cent. of $17.35 ? 32. Which is the most, 7 per cent. of $1000, or 6 per cent. of $1100 ? 33. What is the difference between 6 per cent. and 7 per per cent. of $12000? 34. What is the difference between 9 per cent. of $2000, and 6 per cent. of $3000? 37. A man gave his two sons $10000 apiece; the elder added 15 per cent. to his the first year, and the younger spent 15 per cent. of his: what was the difference of their property at the end of the first year? 38. A laboring man earning $225 a year, laid up 231 per cent. of it: how much did he spend? 39. A man having deposited $856.25 in a savings bank, drew out 31 per cent. of it: how much had he left in the bank? 40. A farmer owning 3560 sheep, lost 50 per cent. of the by disease: how many had he left? |