OPERATIVE MECHANIC, AND BRITISH MACHINIST; BEING A PRACTICAL DISPLAY OF THE MANUFACTORIES AND MECHANICAL ARTS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM. BY JOHN NICHOLSON, Esq. CIVIL ENGINEER. FIRST AMERICAN FROM THE SECOND LONDON EDITION, IN TWO VOLUMES. VOL. II. PHILADELPHIA: H. C. CAREY & I. LEA-CHESNUT STREET. 1826. T 47 .163 182 EASTERN DISTRICT OF PENNSYLVANIA, to wit: BE IT REMEMBERED, that on the twenty-eighth day of April, in the fiftieth year of the independence of the United States of America, A. D. 1826, H. C. CAREY & I. LEA of the said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words following, to wit: "The Operative Mechanic, and British Machinist; being a practical display of the Manufactories and Mechanical Arts of the United Kingdom. By John Nicholson, Esq. Civil Engineer. First American from the second London edition, with addi tions. In two volumes." In conformity to the act of the congress of the United States, intituled "An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therem mentioned." -And also to the act, entitled, " An act supplementary to an act entitled 'An act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies during the times therein mentioned,' and extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching histo rical and other prints." D. CALDWELL, Clerk of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania. SKERRETT-LOCUST STREET, PHILADELPHIA. SAW-MILLS, constructed for the purpose of sawing either timber or stone, are moved by animals, by water, by wind, or by steam. They may be distinguished into two kinds; those in which the motion of the saw is reciprocating, and those in which the saws have a rotatory motion. In either case the researches of theorists have not yet turned to any account: instead therefore of giving any uncertain theory here, we shall proceed to the descriptive part, and refer those who wish to see some curious investigations on this subject to a Memoir on the Action of Saws, by Euler, en Mem. Acad. Roy. Berlin, 1756. Reciprocating saw-mills, for cutting timber, and moved by water, do not exhibit much variety in their construction. The saw-mill represented in fig. 450, is taken from Gray's Experienced Mill-wright; but it only differs in a few trifling particulars, from some which are described in Belidor's Architecture Hydraulique, and in Gallon's Collection of Machines approved by the French Academy. The plate just referred to shows the elevation of the mill. A A the shaft or axle upon which is fixed the wheel B B, (of 173 or 18 feet diameter,) containing 40 buckets to receive the water which impels it round C C, a wheel upon the same shaft containing 96 teeth, to drive the pinion No. 2, having 22 teeth, which is fastened upon an iron axle or spindle, having a couplingbox on each end that turns the cranks, as D D, round; one end of the pole E is put on the crank, and its other end moves on a joint or iron bolt at F, in the lower end of the frame G G. The crank D D, being turned round in the pole E, moves the frames G G up and down, and those having saws in them, by this motion cut the wood. The pinion No. 2, may work two, three, or more cranks, and thus move as many frames of saws. No. 3, an iron wheel having angular teeth, which one end of the iron K takes hold of, while its other end |