SUBTRACTION.

LESSON I.

TO TEACHERS.-The object of this Lesson is to make the pupil familiar with the results of subtracting a unit or I from the several digits.

1. Putting down 2 counters, as 2 pencils, the teacher asks, How many pencils are here?

Ans. "Two pencils."

2. If I take away one, how many are left? pencil."

"One

3. Francis had 3 pears, and gave one to his sister: how many had he left?

ANALYSIS.-I pear from 3 pears leaves 2 pears. Therefore, he had 2 pears left.

4. If I peach is taken from 4 peaches, how many will be left? Show this by counters.

5. One slate taken from 7 slates, leaves how many? 6. If you have 8 cents in your pocket, and lose 1, how many will you have left? 7 and what make 8? 7. Amelia had 9 tulips, and gave 1 to Lucy, how many did she have left? 8 and what are 9?

8. Four is I more than what number?

than what?

6 is I more

8 is more than what? 9 than what?

TO TEACHERS.-The formation of the subsequent parts of the Subtraction Table may be illustrated upon the blackboard, in the following manner:

Make 2 marks (11), crossing out both, none are left, 11 Make 3 marks (111), crossing out 2, one is left, 11 1 Make 4 marks (IIII), crossing out 2, two are left, 11 11

The class copy and complete the Table as below.

2 from 2 leaves o
2 from 3 leaves I
2 from 4 leaves 2
2 from 5 leaves 3
2 from 6 leaves 4

2 from 7 leaves 5

2 from 8 leaves 6
2 from 9 leaves 7
2 from 10 leaves 8
2 from 11 leaves 9

1. Lewis had 4 chestnuts, and lost 2 of them: how many did he have left?

2. Ellen gained 6 credit marks, which was 2 more than Susan gained: how many did Susan have?

3. William had 5 chickens, and 2 of them died: how

many had he then? 2 and 3 are how many?

4. If there are 7 caps hanging up, and you take down two of them, how many will be left? 2 and what make 7? 5. Charles picked 8 apples, but finding 2 of them bad, threw them away: how many had he left?

6. There were 9 birds on a fence, but 2 flew away: how many were left? 2 and 7 are how many?

IO,

how many

7. If take 2 from you will be left? 3. Walter having 11 cents, gave 2 to a beggar: how many cents had he then? 2 and 9 are how many? 9. Two from 5 leaves how 2 from 8? 2 from 7?

6?

many? 2 from 4? 2 from 2 from 9?

1. Richard found 5 pears upon a tree, and picked 3 of them: how many were left on the tree?

2. If you have 6 chickens, and a hawk carries off 3 of them, how many will be left? 3 and 3 are how many?

3. Julia having 8 cents, put 3 of them into the contribution box: how many cents had she left?

4. Fanny is 9 years old, and her brother is 3 years younger: how old is her brother?

5. Roland gathered 3 quarts of chestnuts, and George 8 quarts: how many more did George have than Roland? 6. Homer gained 8 marbles, and afterwards lost all but 3 of them: how many did he lose?

7. A housekeeper bought 12 tumblers, and broke 3 of them going home: how many whole ones had she left?

8. Three melons from II melons leave how many? 9. Five is how many more than 3? 6 than 3? 8 than 3? 7 than 3? 9 than 3? 10 than 3? 12 than 3? From 6, 5, 8, 7, 9, II, IO, 12. Take 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3,

IO.

3.

The Sight Exercises at the foot of the page are designed

as samples for the blackboard, and embrace such numbers only as the class have learned to subtract. The answers should be given with briskness, as the teacher points to the successive numbers.

1. Arvilla had 6 dolls, and gave 4 to her playmates. how many did she keep for herself?

2. Howard had 7 goslings, and a fox caught all but 4: how many did he catch? 4 and 3 are how many?

3. Four watches and what number make 8 watches? 4. Nine squirrels were playing in a wood, and a hunter shot all but 4 of them: how many were shot? 5 and 4 are how many?

5. A lady having lost her purse with 10 dollars in it, gave 4 dollars to the finder: how many dollars had she left?

6. Four and what number make 12?

7. Josiah found 11 mice in a barrel, and caught all but 4 of them: how many did he catch? 4 and 7 are how many?

8. If from 13 yards of muslin you cut 4 yards, how many yards will be left? 4 and 9 are how many? 9. Henry having 12 ducks, sold 4 of them: how many did he then have? 4 and 8 are how many? 10. Six is how many more than 4? 5 than 4? 7 than 4? 9 than 4? 8 than 4? 10 than 4? 12 than 4? II than 4 ?

1. If you have 8 pens and lend 5 of them, how many will you have left? 5 and 3 are how many y?

2. Edward paid 7 cents for a top, and sold it for 5 cents: how much did he lose? 5 and 2 are how many?

3. In a class there are 10 girls and 5 boys: how many more girls than boys are there?

4. Five pineapples from 9 pineapples leave how many? 5 and 4 are how many?

5. A hunter fired into a flock of 12 birds and killed 5 of them how many were left?

6. In a farmyard were 13 cows, 5 of which were lying down: how many were standing?

7. A railroad train having 15 cars, left 5 of them at the first depot: how many passed on?

8. George had 14 marbles, and gave 5 of them to Robert: how many had he left? 5 peaches and 9 peaches are how many?

9. Charles having 13 rabbits, sold all but 5: how many did he sell? 5 and 8 are how many?

10. Eight is how many more than 5? 7 than 5? 6 than 5? 10 than 5? 9 than 5? 12 than 5?