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34567230137954 3 2 1 0 5 6513
8213054 9 8 6 5 2 0 3 1 5 6 8 21342
1322142 3 0 0 1 3 6 0 4 21 21 0 0 50.
2234315 2 2 4 3 1 320023 3213
04311322411 21313 2120

53

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Total amount, 2 0 5 2 6 9 7 7 4 3 2 5 9 2 7 0 0 4 6 2 9 7 31

2. Add 2541, 1256, 3560 and 2456 together.

A. 15813.

29. Add 15000 dells. 2500 dolis. 36594 dolls. 29321 dolls. gether. A. 83415 dolls.

30. Add 11000 mills, 1100 mills, 110 mills, and 11 mil's, to gether. A. 12221 milts,

31. Add 555555 ounces, 3333 ounces, 66 ounces, 4444444 ounces, and 22222 ounces, together. 4. 5025620.

32. What is the sun of the following numbers? viz.

Twenty-five, Three hundred sixty-five, Two thousand one hundred and forty-five, Eighty-nine thousand, Four hundred eighty-five, Nine million and six, Ninety million and nine thousand. A. 99101026.

SIMPLE SUBTRACTION.

¶ VIII. 1. George had 10 apples, and gave 6 of them to William; how many did he have left? Why? A. Because 4 and 6 are 10.

2. Rufus, having 20 dollars, gave 12 to James; how many had he left? Why?

3. A man, owing 30 dollars, paid 20; how many did he then owe?

4. A man, having 100 dollars, lost 50 of them; how many had he left?

5. A merchant bought a piece of cloth for 120 dollars, and sold it for 140 dollars; how much did he make by the bargain?

6. From 100 take 20; take 10; take 40; take 60; take 70; take 80; take 90; take 95; take 85; take 75; take 5; take 15.

7. John, having 75 apples, gave 20 to his oldest brother, 20 to his youngest, and 20 to his sister; how many had Le left?

8. Harry had 25 marbles in both pockets; he lost 9 out of one pocket, and 7 out of the other; how many had he left ? 9. William has two pockets, both of which will hold 75 peaches; he has in one 15, and in the other 45; how many more will both hold?

10. A boy, returning with a basket full of oranges, containing 100, and meeting his cousin by the way, gave him 20: how many did he carry home?

11. Two boys were playing at marbles; each had 20 when they began; John lost 5, how many did each have then?

When the unfortunate boy had lost all but 2, how many had James won from John?

12. You bought 100 new marbles for fifty cents, and sold Peter 10 for 15 cents, Harry 6 for 10 cents, and Thomas 34 for 20 cents; how many marbles had you remaining? and how much more did you pay for them than what you sold came to?

13. How many quarters to an apple, or any thing? How many thirds? How many fifths? How many sixths? Sevenths? 14. If you had 4 pencils, and should give away †, how many would you have left?

15. If you had 3 cents, and should give away, how many would you have left?

16. If you had 8 pencils, and should give away §, how many would you have left?

17. How many would you have left each time, if you should give away ?, 1, 1, §, †?

18. If you had 16 marbles, and should give away 'g' 76, fo 16 16 16, 18, 18, 18, how many would you have left each time?

Q. What is this which you have now been doing called?

A. Subtraction.

Q. What, then, is the taking of one number from another of the same nanie, or denomination, called?

4. Simple Subtraction.

Q. What do you mean by the same name, or denomination ? A. When the numbers are either all dollars, or all days, or all shillings, or all seconds, &c.

Q. In Addition, you recollect that you were required to put together two or more numbers, to find their amount; now it seems that we are to take one number from another, to find their difference: how, then, dees Subtraction appear to differ from Addition?

A. It is exactly the opposite of Addition.

Q. What is the largest number called?

A. The Minuend.

Q. What is the smaller number called?

A. The Subtrahend.

Q. What is that which is left after subtracting called?

A. The Difference, or Remainder.

Q. From the above, how many parts do there appear to be in Subtraction, and what are they?

A. Three-Minuend, Subtrahend, and Differ

ence.

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Operation by State illustrated.

1. A man, having 367 dollars, lost 134 dollars; how many had he left?

Ile had

Ile lost

OPERATION.

387 dollars, the Minuend.
134 dollars, the Subtrahend.

Ilad left 253 dollars, the Remainder.

Q. In this example, how do you obtain the 3, 5, and 2, in the Remainder?

4. I say, 4

(units) from 7 (units) leaves the 3 (units) ; 3 (teas) from » (tens) leaves the 5 (tens); and 1 (hundreds) from 3 (hundreds) leaves the 2 (hundreds.)

2. A man bought a wagon for 62 dollars, and a harness for 39 dollars; what did the wagon cost him more than the harness?

OPERATION

Wagon,
62 dollars.
Harness, 39 dollars.

Difference, 23 dollars.

PROOF,

62 dollars.

Q. In this example, we have a little difficulty in attempting to subtract as before, by saying 9 (units) from 2 (units); but suppose we take 1 ten from the 6 tens, the next upper figure, which would leave 5 (tens), and join or add this I (ten), that is, 10 units, to the 2 units, making 12 units;

how would you then proceed to get the 3?

A. I would say, 9 (units) from 12 (units) leaves 3 (units.) Q. Now, as we took i ten from the 6 tens, it is evident that we must call the i tens 5 tens, and say,3 tens from 5 teus leave 2 tens; but suppose that, instead of making the upper figure I less, calling it 5, we should make the lower tigure one more, call ing it 4, what would be the result, and how would you proceed › A. I would say, I to carry to 3 makes 4, and 1 from 6 leaves 2, the same as before.

Q. What is this taking 1 from 6, and adding it to 2, the upper figure, called?

A. Borrowing ten.

PROOF. Q. If 8 from 14 leaves 6, because 6 and 8 are 14, how would you proceed to prove the operation?

4. I add 23 (the Difference) to 399 (the Subtrahend), making 62, an amount like the Minuend--therefore right.

From these illustrations we derive the following

RULE.

Q. How do you write the numbers down?
A. The less under the greater
Q. How do you place units, tens, &c.?

A. Units under units, tens under tens, &c.
Q. At which hand do you begin to subtract?

A. The right.

Q. How do you subtract each figure in the lower line?
A. From the figure above it.

Q. What do you set down?

A. The Difference.

Q. If the lower figure be greater than that above it, what do you do?

A. Add ten to the upper figure.

Q. What do you do their?

A. From this amount take the lower figure.

Q. What do you set down?

A. The Difference.

Q. How many do you carry, in all cases, when the lower figure is greater than that above it!

A. One.

PROOF. Q. Which numbers do you add together to prove the operation?

A. The Difference and Subtrahend.

Q. What must the amount be like?

A. The Minuend.

More Exercises for the Slate.

3. A man, having 98 dollars, paid away 49; how many he left? A. 49 dollars.

had

4. James bought 75 marbles, and lost 29 of them; how many had he left? A. 49 marbles.

5. A man paid 175 dollars for a gold watch, and 55 dollars for a horse; how much more did he pay for the watch than for the horse? A. 120 dollars.

6. A man bought a chaise for 215 dollars, and to pay for it gave a wagon, worth 37 dollars, and the rest in money; how much money did he pay? A. 178 dollars.

7. A merchant bought a piece of cloth, containing 469 yards, and sold 365 yards; how many yards had he left? A. 124 yards.

8. If you have 20 dollars in your pocket, and owe 15 dollars, how many dollars will you have left in your pocket, when your debts are paid?

9. If you have 2560 dollars' worth of stock, and owe 1500 dollars, how much worth of stock will you have, after your debts are paid? A. 1060 dollars.

10. Anierica was discovered by Christopher Columbus, in

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