BARNES'S NEW SERIES OF MATHEMATICS. NATIONAL ARITHMETIC; ORAL AND WRITTEN. FOR COMMON AND GRADED SCHOOLS, ACADEMIES, ETC BY JOSEPH FICKLIN, PH.D., PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS AND ASTRONOMY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF THE NEW YORK .:. CINCINNATI .:. CHICAGO AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY THE HE order in which the different parts of the subject are presented to the mind in this book is natural and logical; and the principles of each successive topic are carefully developed by appropriate exercises, so graded that the mind of the student must inevitably grasp the relations of the whole subject, and when the work is completed, comprehend it, not as a mass of loosely connected details, but as a unified whole. Oral and written arithmetic are supplementary to each other, since the principles and processes are the same in both; and as the former is more easily understood, because of the smaller numbers used in the operations, the exercises, analysis, and reasoning applied to the Oral are made the means of elucidating the principles and processes of the Written. In this way formal rules have been, in a great measure, dispensed with, and FORMULAS addressed to the eye as well as to the mind have been made to take their place. These will be found more efficacious, both as guides to practice and helps to the memory, since the principles are so sharply defined, and so clearly developed and illustrated by practical examples, that the mind of the student will necessarily acquire the habit of depending upon his own reasoning powers rather than upon the clumsy guide-posts of verbal rules. Many new features have been introduced in the working out of this plan. Only the most salient are here referred to. In the natural and logical arrangement, and in the gradation of topics and exercises, as well as in the statement of principles, rules, and explanations, the greatest possible simplicity has been aimed at. |