CRIMINAL

Criminal contempt. Any act against the majesty of the law or the courts as an agency of the government, and in which the public are concerned. See 177 Mo. 205, 99 Am. St. Rep. 624, 76 S. W. 79; also 135 Am. St. Rep. 272, note. Criminal conversation. Adulterous intercourse; sexual intercourse

with the wife of another.

Criminal information. A prosecution instituted by the district or prosecuting attorney without the intervention of the grand jury. See 75 Vt. 202, 98 Am. St. Rep. 813, 54 Atl. 183.

Criminal intent. Intention to commit an act which is a crime. Criminal law. The law pertaining

to crime and its punishment. See 128 U. S. 398, 32 L. Ed. 480, 9 Sup. Ct. Rep. 99.

CROWN

Cropper. One who raises a crop for a share of it.

Crops. Cultivated produce of the soil.

Cross-action. A cause of action

against the plaintiff or a codefendant set up in the defendant's plea

or answer.

Cross-appeal. An appeal filed by the respondent or appellee after the appellant has filed his appeal. Cross-bill. A bill filed by the defendant in an equity suit for discovery or relief. See 9 Wall. (U. S.) 807, 19 L. Ed. 587. Cross-complaint. A defendant's pleading setting up a cross-action. See 69 Cal. 616, 11 Pac. 456. Cross-demand. A statement of new matter constituting a cause of action in the defendant's favor against the plaintiff. See 32 Iowa, 383.

Cross-errors. Errors assigned by a defendant in error.

Cross-examination. Questioning a witness by an adverse party after his direct examination by the party calling him. See 97 Ind. 430.

Cross-interrogatory. A question to be propounded to a deponent. Cross-remainder. A remainder created by a conveyance to cotenants one or some of whom succeed in remainder to the share of one or some of them at its termination. See 4 Kent's Comm. 201. Cross-rules. Rules nisi entered in behalf of both plaintiff and defendant.

Crown cases. English criminal

cases.

Crown cases reserved. Criminal cases reserved for the opinions of the judges on questions of law.

Cruise. A naval expedition in search
of ships of an enemy!
Cry de pays, or cry de pais. Hue
and cry.

Cryer. Same as Crier.
Cucking-stool. A punishment for

common scolds, being a chair in which the person was placed to be hooted at and pelted by the mob. Cui ante divortium. A divorcée's

writ to secure land alienated by her husband. See 3 Bl. Comm. 183. Cui bono. For whose good.

Cui in vita. A widow's writ to secure her land alienated by her husband.

CUJUS

Cui jurisdictio data est, ea quoque concessa esse videntur sine quibus jurisdictio explicari non potest. Those things without which jurisdiction could not be exercised are held to be given to him to whom jurisdiction has been granted.

Cui jus est donandi, eidem et vendendi et concedendi jus est. One having a right to give has also a right to sell and to grant.

Cui licet quod majus non debet quod minus est non licere. One who has a greater power ought not to be denied a less one.

Cui pater est populus non habet ille patrem. One whose father is the people has no father.

Cuicunque aliquis quid concedit con

cedere videtur et id, sine quo res ipsa esse non potuit. One who grants something to another is held to grant also that without which the thing is worthless. Cuilibet in arte sua perito est credendum. Any expert in his own art is credible therein.

Cuilibet licet juri pro se introducto renunciare. One may waive a legal right existing in his favor. Cuique in sua arte credendum est. Anyone is to be believed in his

own art:

Cujus est commodum ejus debet esse incommodum. One who enjoys a benefit should take the burden with it.

Cujus est commodum, ejus est onus. He who enjoys the benefit has the burden. See 3 Mass. 53, 3 Am. Dec. 77.

Cujus est dare ejus est disponere.

Who has the gift of anything should have the disposition of it. Cujus est divisio alterius est electio. Whichever one has the division, the other has the choice.

CUJUS

Cujus est dominium ejus est periculum. He who has the ownership should have the risk.

Cujus est instituere ejus est abrogare. Whoever may institute may abrogate.

Cujus est solum ejus est usque ad coelum. The owner of the soil owns to the Heavens. See 89 Minn. 58, 99 Am. St. Rep. 541, 60 L. R. A. 875, 93 N. W. 907.

Cujus est solum, ejus est usque ad coelum et ad inferos. The owner of the soil owns to the Heavens and also to the lowest depths. See 186 N. Y. 486, 116 Am. St. Rep. 563, 9 Ann. Cas. 858, 11 L. R. A. (N. S.) 920, 79 N. E. 716.

Cujust est solum, ejus est usque ad inferos. The owner of the soil owns to the lowest depths. See 141 Cal. 116, 99 Am. St. Rep. 35, 64 L. R. A. 236, 70 Pac. 663, 74 Pac. 766.

Cujus juris est principale, ejusdem juris erit accessorium. Who has jurisdiction of the principal thing has jurisdiction also of the accessory.

Cujus per errorem dati repetitio est, ejus, consulto dati, donatio..est. Whatever giver by mistake car be demanded back, though giver deliberately, is a gift.

Cujusque rei patissima pars principium est. The most important part of anything is the first part. Cul. Guilty.

Cul-de-sac. A street open at but one end.

Cul. prit. The formal reply to a plea of not guilty.

Culpa. Guilt; fault; negligence. Culpa caret, qui scit, sed prohibere non potest. One who knows, but cannot prevent is without fault.

CUM

Culpa est immiscere se rei ad se non pertinenti. It is a fault to intermeddle in anything which does not

concern one.

Culpa lata dolo aequiparatur. Gross negligence is equal to malice.

Culpa tenet suos auctores. Guilt binds its own originators.

Culpa tenet suos auctores tantum. Guilt binds its own originators most. See XIX Eng. Rul. Cas. 183. Culpabilis. Guilty.

Culpable. Guilty; criminal.

Culpae poena par esto. Let the punishment fit the crime.

Culprit. One guilty of crime. Culvertage. Forfeiture of status by a freeman.

Cum. With; when.

Cum actio fuerit mere criminalis, institui poterit ab initio criminaliter vel civiliter. When an action is merely criminal, it can be instituted either criminally or civilly at the beginning.

Cum adsunt testimonia rerum, quid opus est verbis? When evidence

of the facts is present, what need of words is there?

Cum aliquis renunciaverit societati, solvitur societas. When any of the partners shall have renounced the partnership, it is dissolved. Cum confitente sponte mitius est agendum. When one makes a voluntary confession, he should be more mildly treated.

Cum de lucro duorum quaeritur melior est causa possidentis. When two are striving over money, the cause of the one in possession of it is the better one.

Cum duo inter se pugnantia reperiuntur in testamento, ultimum ratum est. When two repugnant matters are found in a will, the

CUM

latter one is confirmed. See 16 Johns. (N. Y.) 146.

Cum duo jura concurrunt in una persona aequum est ac si essent in duobus. When two rights concur in one person, it is the same as if they were in two persons.

Cum grano salis. With a grain of salt.

Cum in corpore dissentitur, apparet nullam esse acceptionem. When there is a disagreement in the substance of the matter, it appears there is no acceptance. See 12 Allen (Mass.), 44.

Cum in testamento ambigue aut etiam perperam scriptum, est benigne interpretari, et secundum id quod credibile est cogitatum credendum est. When an ambiguous or even an incorrectly written clause is found in a will, it should be interpreted liberally and according to what is to be believed to be the intention.

Cum legitimae nuptiae factae sunt, patrem liberi sequuntur. Children of lawful wedlock inherit from their father.

Cum onere. With the burden; subject to.

Cum par delictum est duorum, semper oneratur petitor, et melior habetur possessoris causa. When two parties are equally at fault, the claimant always has the burden and the one in possession has the better cause. Cum pertinentiis. With the appur

tenances.

Cum potestate regis et legis. By the power of the king and the law. Cum quod ago non valet ut ago, valeat quantum valere potest. When what I do is void as I do it, it shall be as effective as it can be made.

Curia comitatus.

The county court.
The lord's court.
Parliament.

Curia domini.
Curia magna.
Curia majoris. The mayor's court.
Curia palatii. The palace court.
Curia parliamenti suis propriis legi-

bus sussistit. Parliament is gov-
erned by its own laws.

Curia pedis pulverizati. Court of piepoudre.

Curia regis. The king's court.
Curialty. Courtesy.

Curiosa et captiosa interpretatio in lege reprobatur. A curious and captious interpretation is disapproved in the law.

Currency. Paper money or notes which are current in the commun

ity as dollars. 12 Wall. (U. S.) 687, 20 L. Ed. 460.

Current coin. Coin in general circulation.

Current money. Money in general

circulation.

Currere. To run.

Currit quatuor pedibus. It runs on It is on all-fours, i. e.,

four feet.

in precise accord.

Currit tempus contra desides et sui juris contemptores. Time runs against the slothful and those ignoring their rights.

Cursitor. A chancery clerk. Cursitor baron. An officer who had authority to administer oaths. Cursus curiae est lex curiae. The practice of the court is the law of the court.

Curtesy. Same as Courtesy. Curtilage. The common fence including the dwelling-house and its offices. See 2 Am. St. Rep. 388, note.

Curtillum. Curtilage.

Curtis. A court; a yard; a curtilage. Custa. Costs.

Custagium. Costs.

Custantia. Costs.

Custodes. Guardians; custodians. Custodia legis. In the custody of the law.

Custody. Bare control over or care of a thing, as distinguished from possession. See 41 How. Pr. (N. Y.) 293.

Custom. An established usage; a tax or duty.

Custom-house. A postoffice where customs duties are paid.

Custom of merchants. The customary practices of merchants in respect to mercantile contracts; the law-merchant. See 95 Pa. 348, 40 Am. Rep. 662.

Customary court. A court held in manor by the lord or his steward. Customary estate. An estate' held under the custom of a manor.