IRA Ira motus. Excited by anger or passion. Ire ad largum. To go at large. Irish gavelkind. Tenure by which on the proprietor's death there was a fresh division of all the lands in the district including his. Irrecusable. Obligated contractually without one's consent. See 8 Harv. Law Rev. 200. Irregular deposit. A deposit wherein the equivalent and not the thing itself is to be returned. Irregular heirs. (Civil Law) Those who take by statute when there are neither testamentary heirs nor legal heirs. See Legal heir. Irregular indorsement. An indorse ment on a negotiable instrument written above that of the payee, by which the indorser assumes full liability. See 61 Vt. 106, 2 L. R. A. 428, 17 Atl. 42. Irregular judgment. One contrary to the course and practice of the Irregular process. Voidable process. The failure to observe that particular course of proceeding which, conformable with the practice of the court, ought to have been observed. See 86 Kan. 632, Ann. Cas. 1913C, 242, 52. L. R. A. (N. S.) 1161, 121 Pac. 1094. Irrelevant. Not pertinent; without relation to the matter in issue; redundant. See 18 N. Y. 315, 72 Am. Dec. 515. Irreparable injury. That which cannot be measured by any known pecuniary standard. See 67 Md. 44, 1 Am. St. Rep. 368, and note, 8 Atl. 901. Irrepleviable. Incapable of being replevied. ISSUE Irresistible force. Overwhelming force, as that of a mob. Irresistible impulse. The absence of sufficient mental power to choose between right and wrong. See 95 Me. 467, 55 L. R. A. 373, 50 Atl. 276. Irrevocable. That which cannot be recalled or revoked. Irrevocable license. One in the exercise of which the licensee has made improvements or invested capital. See 87 Cal. 126, 22 Am. St. Rey. 234, 11 L. R. A. 134, 25 Pac. 268, one connected with an interest or grant. See 22 Am. St. Rep. 238, note. Irrigation. Artificial watering of agricultural land. Irritancy. Becoming void. Irritant clause. A condition the happening of which avoids the instrument. Irritus. Ineffectual; void. Irrogare. To impose; to levy. Is cui cognoscitur. The cognizee. Is qui cognoscit. The cognizor. See Issuable. Creating an issue of fact in pleading. Issuable plea. A plea which goes to the merits of the case. See 14 N. J. L. 344. Issuable terms. Terms of court at which the issues were made up for the assizes. See Bl. Comm. 350. Issue. Heirs of the body; lineal de scendants. See 105 Pa. St. 200, 51 Am. Rep. 197. A claim of law or fact asserted in an action by one ITINERANT positio. Let the reference always be so made that the disposition may be valid. Ita te Deus adjuvet. So help you God. Ita utere tuo ut alienum non laedas. So use your own that you do not destroy another's. Item. Also; likewise; any particu lar charge contained in an account; a word used to introduce a new clause in a will. Iter. A way; a right of way; the journey of a judge on his circuit. Iter est jus eundi, ambulandi hominis, non etiam jumentum agendi vel vehiculum. A way is a right of going or walking by man and not of driving a beast of burden or a vehicle. Iteratio. A repetition. Itinera. Plural of Iter; circuits. Itinerant. Wandering; traveling; one who roams or travels. 251 Now; yet. J Jail liberties. Same as Gaol liberties. Jail limits. Same as Gaol liberties. James I. King of England, 16031625. James II. King of England, 16851689. Jamunlingi, or Jamundilingi. men Free who subjected themselves and their property to service for protection. Janitor. A doorkeeper. Jedburgh justice. Execution of a prisoner without trial. Jeddart justice. Same as Jedburgh justice. Jedwood justice. Same as Jedburgh justice. Jeofail or Jeofaile. A mistake or error in a pleading. Jeofails, Statute of. See Statute of Jeofails. Jeopardy. One is in jeopardy whenever, upon a valid indictment, in a court of competent jurisdiction, and before a legally constituted jury, his trial has been fairly entered upon. See 21 Am. Dec. 505, note. Jepardy. Same as Jeopardy. cer. An English customs offi Jet. Jettison, which see. A tax laid on incoming ships. Jettison. The throwing goods overboard for the preservation of the ship and cargo. See 86 Am. Dec. 500, note. Jocelet. A small farm. substituted in a proceeding for a real one until it is ascertained. John Doe warrant. A warrant of arrest which describes the defendant by a fictitious name. Join. To act jointly with another. See 96 Tex. 341, 97 Am. St. Rep. 911, 72 S. W. 583. Joinder. To act jointly with; to join. Joinder in demurrer. The formal acceptance by the adverse party of the issue of law tendered by a demurrer. Joinder in issue. The formal acceptance of the tender of an issue of fact. See Similiter. Joinder of actions. A consolidation or union of two or more causes of action in one action. Joinder of causes of action. The pleading of more than one cause of action in one declaration. Joint. United; sharing an interest; sharing liability. Joint action. An action maintained or defended by two or more. Joint adventure. A business enterprise shared by two or more. Joint and several bond. A bond in which the obligors are bound both jointly and individually for the full amount. Joint bond. A bond in which the obligors are only liable in combination and not severally. See 25 R. I. 289, 105 Am. St. Rep. 890, 63 L. R. A. (R. I.) 235, 55 Atl. 750. Joint contract. A contract in which either the promisors or the promisees are jointly bound. Joint creditors. Creditors who can only enforce their claims by joining together. Joint debtors. Persons jointly liable. See 51 Ohio St. 462, 38 N. E. 381. Joint executor. Same as Coexecutor. Joint fiat. A fiat in bankruptcy against partners. See Fiat in bankruptcy. Joint fine. A fine imposed upon two or more jointly. Joint heir. Same as Coheir. Joint indictment. An indictment against two or more parties to the crime charged. Joint lives. A period ending upon the death of anyone of the persons named. JOINT Joint tenancy. An estate held by two or more persons jointly, so that during the lives of all they are equally entitled to the enjoyment of the land, or its equivalent in rents and profits; but on the death of one, his share vests in the survivor or survivors until there is but one survivor, when the estate is his in severalty. See 135 Ind. 178, 41 Am. St. Rep.. 422, 22 L. R. A. 42, 34 N. E. 999. Joint tenants. The co-owners of a joint tenancy. Joint trespassers. Persons uniting in a trespass. Joint trustees. Joint holders of a trust. Joint will. One executed jointly by several owners as a means of transferring their several titles to one devisee. See 136 Am. St. Rep. 593, note. Jointress. A wife upon whom jointure has been settled. Jointure. a See Joint-stock bank. A joint-stock company engaged in banking. Joint-stock company. An associa tion of individuals for profit, with a common capital contributed by them, commonly divided into shares of which each holds one or more, transferable by the owner, the business being under the control of their selected directors. See 80 Tex. 261, 26 Am. St. Rep. 735, 16 S. W. 43. Joint-stock corporation. A corpora tion whose capital is divided into shares. Jointure. An antenuptial settlement upon a husband and wife jointly or upon the wife alone to take effect at his death. See 67 Hun, 329, 22 N. Y. Supp. 299. Jointuress. Same as Jointress. Jour. A day. JUDEX Jour en banc. A day in bank. See In bank. Journal. A day-book; a book for record of daily transactions; a log-book of a ship. Journée. A court day. Journey. A day's travel; a traveling from place to place. See 53 Ala. 521, 25 Am. Rep. 652. Journeyman. A day laborer. Journeys account. An old English writ issued to revive an abated one. See 8 Cranch (U. S.), 84, 3 L. Ed. 496. Journey-work. Work by the day. An officer's retirement, keeping title and salary. Judaismus. The Jewish religion. Judex. A judge. Judex a quo. A judge from whom, i. e., from whose court, a cause has been removed. Judex ad quem. A judge to whom, i. e., to whose court, a cause has been removed. Judex aequitatem semper spectare debet. A judge ought always to regard equity. Judex ante oculos aequitatem semper habere debet. A judge ought always to have equity before his eyes. Judex bonus nihil ex arbitrio suo faciat, nec propositione domesticae voluntatis, sed juxta leges et jura pronunciet. A good judge should do nothing from his own choice, nor from a prompting of his private wish, but he should adjudge according to laws and justice. Judex damnatur cum nocens absolvitur. A judge is condemned when a guilty man is acquitted. |