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R

RATIFY

R. Range, which see.
R. G.

Regulae generales, which see. Rachater. To redeem; to ransom. Rachetum. Redemption; ransom. Rack. An instrument upon which the body of the victim was stretched by degrees for the purpose of extorting a confession from him.

Rack rent. The full value of land as rent.

Radmans. Same as Redmen.
Raencon. A ransom.

Raffle. A game of even chance.
See 21 Tex. 692.

Railroad. A graded road or way on
which rails of iron or steel are
laid for the wheels of cars to run
upon, carrying heavy loads, usu-
See 61
ally propelled by steam.
Minn. 435, 52 Am. St. Rep. 608, 29
L. R. A. 208, 63 N. W. 1099.
Railroad commission. A state board
with the power and duty of reg-
ulating railroad rates. See 78
Fed. (U. S.) 236.

Railway. Synonymous with Rail-
road. See 147 Pa. St. 579, 30
Am. St. Rep. 763, 23 Atl. 884.
Raise. To produce; to present.
Raise a rate. To levy a tax.
Ran. Robbery.

Range. In U. S. land surveys, one

of a series or tier of townships in a row parallel to and east or west of a given prime meridian. See Township.

Rank. Station; honor; dignity. Ransom. Sum paid to release a person or property captured in war; a heavy fine; a sum paid for a pardon.

R

Ransom-bill. A contract to pay for property captured in war at sea and providing for its safe conduct. Rape. The carnal knowledge of a female, forcibly and against her will. See 53 Ark. 425, 22 Am. St. Rep. 229, 14 S. W. 645.

Rape of the forest. Forcible trespass within a park or forest. Rapina. Robbery.

Raptor. A ravisher.

Raptu haeredis. See De raptu haeredis.

Raptus. Rape.

Rapuit. He ravished.

Rascal. A term conveying the idea
of moral turpitude. See 2 Mill
Const. (S. C.) 235.
Rasura. An erasure.
Rasure. An erasure.
Rasus. Erased.

Ratable polls. Taxable persons.
Ratably. Pro rata, which see.

Ratam rem habere. To consider the matter as ratified.

Rate. A tax; an assessment.
Rate of exchange.

The actual value there of a bill drawn on a foreign country.

Rate tithes. Tithes charged ratably on the property within the parish. Ratification. The adoption of a previously formed contract, relating back and rendering it obligatory from the outset. See 83 Va. 26, 1 S. E. 395.

Ratify. To give validity to the act of another, implying that the ratifier has at the time power to do the act ratified. See 118 U. S. 425, 30 L. Ed. 178, 6 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1121.

RATIHABITATION

Ratihabitation. Ratification. Ratihabitio. Ratification. Batihabitio mandato

aequiparatur.

Ratification is equivalent to a command. See 20 Pick. (Mass.) 95. Ratihabitio mandato comparatur. Ratification is held to be the equivalent of a command. See 154 Mass. 330, 26 Am. St. Rep. 249, 13 L. R. A. 219, 28 N. E. 279. Ratihabitio priori mandato aequiparatur. Ratification is equivalent to a previous command. See 5 N. Y. Super. Ct. 137.

Rating. The classification of a vessel as a marine insurance risk. See 68 U. S. 456, 17 L. Ed. 505. Ratio. Relative amount; propor

tion. See 30 App. Div. 24, 51 N. Y. Supp. 897. Reason; plan. Ratio decidendi. The ground of the decision.

Ratio est formalis causa consuetudinis. Reason is the molding cause of custom.

Ratio est legis anima; mutata legis ratione mutatur et lex. Reason is the spirit of the law; by a change in the reason of the law, the law is also changed.

Ratio est radius divini luminis.

RAUNSOM

Ratio non clauditur loco. Reason is
not confined to place.
Ratio pertinens. A pertinent rea-
son; one pertaining to the ques-
tion. See 90 Fed. (U. S.) 33.
Ratio potest allegari deficiente lege,
sed vera et legalis et non apparens.
The law being deficient, reason
can be alleged, but it must be
true and legal and not merely
apparent.

Rationabili parte bonorum. See De
rationabili parte bonorum,
Rationabilis. Reasonable.
Rational. Sane.

Rational doubt. Reasonable doubt, which see.

Rational intent. One founded on reason, as a faculty of the mind, and opposed to an irrational purpose. See 198 Ill. 365, 64 N. E. 1058.

Rationalibus divisis. See De rationalibus divisis.

Ratione contractus. By reason of the contract.

Ratione impotentiae. By reason of impotence.

Ratione loci. By reason of locality.
Ratione materiae. By reason of the
matter in hand.
Ratione personae.

By reason of the

person concerned. Ratione privilegii. By reason auprivilege.

Reason is a ray of divine light. Ratio et auctoritas duo clarissima mundi lumina. Reason and thority are the two most shining lights of the world.

Ratio impertinens. An impertinent reason; and argument not pertaining to the question. See 90 Fed. (U. S.) 33.

Ratio in jure aequitas integra. Reason in law is impartial equity. Ratio legis. The reason of the law. Ratio legis est anima legis. The reason of the law is the spirit of the law.

of

Ratione soli. On account of the soil, i. e., the ownership of it. Ratione tenurae. By reason of ten

ure.

Rationes. Pleadings.

Rattening. Concealing a workman's tools to force him into a union.

Ratum. Rated as valid; deemed valid.

Raunsom, or Raunsome. Ransom,

RAVISH

Ravish. To rape. See 74 Mass.

489, 69 Am. Dec. 264. Ravishment. Rape; abduction of a woman or a ward.

Ravishment de gard. The abduction of a ward.

Re. In the case of; in the matter of.

Re. fa. 1o. Recordari facias loquelam, which see.

Re, verbis, scripto consensu, traditione, junctura vestes sumere pacta solent. Compacts are wont to take their clothing from the subject matter, from the words, the writing, the consent and the delivery.

Read law. To take up the study of

law with the purpose of being admitted to the bar and practicing the profession. See 169 Pa. 602, 32 Atl. 654. Ready money. Cash.

Real. Regal; royal.

Real action. An action in which the title to real estate is actually brought into question. See 16 Mass. 448. Real advancement.

An advancement of a portion of the parent's real estate. See 3 Rand. (Va.) 559. See, also, Advancement. Real assets. Property which goes to the heir and not to the executor. See 2 Bl. Comm. 244.

Real chattel. Same as Chattel interest.

Real chymin. A royal road.

Real composition. Same as Composition of tithes.

Real contract. A contract concerning realty; in the Civil Law, a contract having some specific thing for its subject matter. Real covenant. One whereby a man binds himself to pass real property; one which runs with

REAL

the land. See 47 Am. Dec. 569, note.

Real estate. Real property, which

see.

Real estate broker. One who for commission or other compensation is engaged in the selling of, or negotiating sales of, real estate belonging to others. See 50 Minn. 195, 36 Am. St. Rep. 637, 16 L. R. A. 423, 52 N. W. 385.

Real evidence. Evidence consisting

of exhibits physically brought into court.

Real injury. An injury by an act, not by words.

Real party in interest. One who is entitled to the avails of a suit. See 22 Neb. 681, 35 N. W. 869. Real property. Lands; tenements; hereditaments; any interest in land. See 137 Cal. 354, 70 Pac. 459.

Real release.

One wherein the creditor declares that he considers the

debt as acquitted, an equivalent of payment. See 8 Gratt. (Va.) 560.

Real representative. One's representative as to his real property. See Representative. Real security. Security on property, as distinguished from personal security. See 173 U. S. 131, 43 L. Ed. 640, 19 Sup. Ct. Rep. 360.

Real services. Such as one estate owes to another, or the right of doing something or of having a privilege in one man's land for the advantage of the owner of another's land. See 20 Ohio, 401, 55 Am. Dec. 464.

Real servitude. One which the owner of an estate enjoys on a neighboring estate for the benefit of his own.

REAL

Real statute. One which controls things and does not extend beyond the limits of the country from which it derives its authority. See 5 Mart. (N. S.) (La.) 569, 16 Am. Dec. 212.

Real things. Real property.

Real wrong. An injury to real property.

Reality. Having actuality or a bona fide existence, as a claim. See 43 N. J. Eq. 377, 12 Atl. 369. Realm. A state; a sovereignty. See 96 Mo. 149, 9 Am. St. Rep. 328, 8 S. W. 907.

Realty. Same as Real property. Ream linguam non facit nisi mens The tongue is not guilty un

rea.

less the mind is guilty. Reasonable and probable cause. Same as Probable cause. Reasonable belief. One begotten by attendant circumstances fairly creating it, and honestly entertained. See 110 Ala. 92, 20 South. 365.

Reasonable care. That degree of care which a person of ordinary prudence would exercise under a given state of facts in doing or refraining from doing the act or omission in question. See 127 Tenn. 154, Ann. Cas. 1914B, 1020, 153 S. W. 1120.

Reasonable cause. The existence of

a reasonable ground of presumption that a charge is or may be well founded. See 16 Pet. (U. S.) 342, 10 L. Ed. 987. Reasonable compensation. Just compensation. See 159 U. S. 380, 40 L. Ed. 188, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 43. Reasonable creature. A human being, including a lunatic, an idiot, an unborn child, or a slave. See Walk. (Miss.) 83.

Reasonable diligence. Such as an ordinarily prudent and diligent

REBUTTAL

person would exercise under similar circumstances. See 31 Tex. Civ. App. 662, 73 S. W. 857. Reasonable doubt. A doubt which is agreeable or conformable to reason. See 48 Am. St. Rep. 567, note.

Reasonable part. The portion of a man's goods which by law went to his wife and children at his death. Reasonable provocation. Adequate, sufficient, lawful, or legal provocation. See 74 Mo. 207.

Reasonable prudence. Same as Ordinary care.

Reassurance. Same as Reinsurance. Reattachment. An attachment of a defendant's person following a release from a prior one in the same action.

Rebate. To abate or deduct from; to make a discount from for prompt payment. See 83 Me. 261, 22 Atl. 164, quoting Webster. Rebel. One who participates in a rebellion.

Rebellion. Such an insurrection

against lawful authority as is void of all appearance of justice. See 10 R. I. 244.

Rebellion, Commission of. See Commission of rebellion.

Rebouter. To rebut; to repel; to bar.

Rebus sic stantibus. While things thus stand.

Rebut. To deny; to contradict; to avoid. Rebuttable

presumption.

A presumption which becomes conclusive unless contradicted by evidence.

Rebuttal. Testimony addressed to evidence produced by the opposite party. See 69 Cal. 255, 10 Pac. .674.

REBUTTER

Rebutter. A defendant's pleading answering a surrejoinder. See Surrejoinder.

Rebutting evidence. Evidence contradicting that of the opposite side, or denying some affirmative fact which the answering party is trying to prove. See 51 La. Ann. 228, 25 South. 109.

Recall. To set aside; to vacate; to remove an officer by popular vote. Recaption. The retaking of goods by one who has been wrongfully dispossessed of them. See 41 U. S. 539, 10 L. Ed. 1060.

Recapture. The capture of captured goods by troops friendly to the

owner.

Receditur a placitis juris potius quam injuriae et delicta maneant impunita. Settled law will be departed from rather than that wrongs and crimes remain unpunished.

Receipt. An acknowledgment of payment or delivery. See 9 Mo. 193.

Receipt in full. One containing a declaration of the payment of a certain sum in full of all claims of a certain kind, or of all demands. See 48 N. Y. 204, 8 Am. Rep. 539. Receiptor. One to whom attached goods are intrusted by the officer making the levy.

Receiver. An indifferent person between the parties to a cause, appointed by the court to receive and preserve the property or fund in litigation, and receive its rents, issues and profits, and apply or dispose of them at the direction of the court, when it does not seem reasonable that either party should hold them. See 71 Am. St. Rep. 353, note.

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