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set for an argument or hearing.

Consimili casu. A writ by which a reversioner recovered land from the alienee of a life tenant. Consistory. An ecclesiastical court. Consistory court. An ecclesiastical

court, also known as the Bishop's Court, which see.

Consolato del mare. A maritime code in force in the Mediterranean, compiled about 1000 A.D. Consolidated fund. The combined revenue of Great Britain and Ireland.

Consolidated orders. A compilation of orders regulating English chancery practice in 1860. Consolidation of actions.

The com

bining of two or more actions involving the same controversy into one suit. See 1 Ala. 77.

Consolidation rule. A rule or order for the consolidation of two or more actions in one. See 19 Wend. (N. Y.) 63.

Consols. Consolidated annuities, the English Funded Debt.

Consortio malorum me quoque malum facit. The companionship of the wicked makes me also wicked. Consortium. Conjugal fellowship and society. See 150 N. Y. 176, 55 Am. St. Rep. 670, 34 L. R. A.

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Conspiracy. A combination of two or more persons to procure an unlawful object, or to procure a lawful object by unlawful means. See 159 Pa. St. 420, 39 Am. St. Rep. 686, 23 L. R. A. 135, 28 Atl. 190.

Conspirators. Persons joining in a conspiracy.

Constable. A peace officer who serves process in minor cases. Constablery. The jurisdiction of a constable.

Constablewick. The jurisdiction of a constable.

Constabulary. The constables of a district.

Constat. It is clear; a certificate that certain matters appear of record. See 2 N. C. 410. Constate. To verify or prove. Constating instruments. Documents

fixing the charter of a corporation. See 37 N. J. Eq. 363.

Constituent. An agent's principal. Constituere. To appoint; to establish; to ordain.

Constituted authorities. The existing lawfully appointed officers of the government. Constitutio.

ute.

A constitution; a stat

Constitutio dotis. Establishment of dower.

Constitution. The fundamental law governing a state.

Constitution of the United States. The fundamental law of the United States in effect March 4, 1789.

Constitutional. Consonant with the constitution.

CONSTITUTIONAL

Constitutional convention. A convention of delegates met to form or amend a constitution. Constitutiones. Laws of the Roman

emperors.

Constitutiones tempore posteriores potiores sunt his quae ipsas praecesserunt. Later laws prevail over those which preceded them. Constitutions of Clarendon. English statutes passed in 1164 limiting the powers of the church. Constitutor. One promising to pay another's debt.

Constitutum. An agreement to pay an existing debt. Constitutum esse eam domun unicuique nostrum debere existimari, ubi quisque sedes et tabulas haberet, suarumque rerum constitutionem fecisset. It is established that the home of each of us is considered to be where he has his abode and his books and where he may have made an establishment of his business.

Constraint. Duress; restraint. Constructio legis non facit injuriam. The interpretation of the law works no wrong.

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CONSUETUDO

paid by another and such property will be held by the former in trust for the latter. See 97 Cal. 575, 33 Am. St. Rep. 209, 21 L. R. A. 33, 32 Pac. 579.

Consuetudinary law. Law established by custom.

Consuetudo. A custom or usage.

Consuetudo contra rationem introducta, potius usurpatio quam consuetudo appellari debet. A custom introduced contrary to reason ought rather to be called a usurpation than a custom.

Consuetudo curiae. The custom of the court.

Consuetudo debet esse certa; nam incerta pro nullis habentur. A custom should be certain, for uncertain things are held as nothing. Consuetudo debet esse certa. A custom ought to be certain. Consuetudo est altera lex. Custom is another sort of law. Consuetudo est optimus

interpres

legum. Custom is the best interpreter of law.

Consuetudo et communis assuetudo vincit legem non scriptam, si sit specialis, et interpretatur legem scriptam, si lex sit generalis. Custom and common usage override the unwritten law, if it is special, and explain the written law, if the law is general.

Consuetudo ex certa causa rationabili usitata privat communem legem. Custom adopted from certain reasonable cause supersedes the common law.

Consuetudo, licet sit magnae auctoritatis, nunquam tamen praejudicat manifestae veritati. Custom, though it may be high authority, should never be prejudicial to plain truth.

CONSUETUDO

Consuetudo loci observanda est. The custom of the locality should be observed.

Consuetudo

manerii et loci observanda est. The custom of the manor and the locality should be observed.

Consuetudo mercatorum. The custom of merchants.

Consuetudo neque injuria oriti, neque tolli potest. A custom can neither spring from nor be overcome by a wrongful act.

Consuetudo non habitur in consequentiam. A custom should not be turned into a consequence. Consuetudo non trahitur in consequentiam. Custom is not to be drawn into consequence. Consuetudo praescripta et legitima vincit legem. A prescriptive and lawful custom prevails over law. Consuetudo regni Angliae est lex Angliae. The custom of the English kingdom is the law of England.

Conseutudo semel reprobata non potest amplius induci. A custom once denied cannot be further invoked.

Consuetudo tollit communem legem. Custom supersedes the common law.

Consuetudo vincit communem lcgem. Custom supersedes the

common

law. Consuetudo volentes ducit; lex nolentes trahit. Custom leads the willing; law drags the unwilling. Consul. A government agent in a foreign place to protect the citizens and trade of his country. See 103 U. S. 261, 26 L. R. A. 539. Consular agent. An officer having functions similar to a consul's but of lesser authority.

CONTESTATIO

court's

Consular courts. Courts presided over by a foreign consul. Consulatory response. A opinion on a matter submitted. Consultation. See Writ of consultation.

Consummate. To complete; to carry out.

Consummation of marriage. Completion by sexual intercourse. See 75 Cal. 1, 16 Pac. 345.

Contango. A broker's charge for carrying over a customer's account to the next settling day. Contek. Strife; contention. Contemner. One guilty of contempt. Contemplation of bankruptcy. An intention to go through bankruptcy. See 3 McLean (U. S.), 587, Fed. Cas. No. 8888. Contemporanea expositio est optima et fortissima in lege. A contemporaneous exposition is the best and most powerful in law. Contempt. Disobedience of court orders or breach of decorum of a court. See 85 Cal. 603, 20 Am. St. Rep. 248, 25 Pac. 256. Contempt of court. The willful disregard of a court's authority. See 11 Mont. 126, 28 Am. St. Rep. 451, 27 Pac. 336. Contemptibiliter. Contemptuously. Contenement. That which is necessarily appurtenant to a tenement. Contentious jurisdiction. Jurisdiction of causes between contending parties.

Conterminous. Having a common boundary.

Contestatio litis. An issue, joinder of issue.

Contestatio litis eget terminos contradictarios. An issue requires contradictory conclusions.

CONTEXT

Context. Accompanying words of a writing.

Contiguous. Adjoining; adjacent; touching.

Continens. (Roman Law) Joined together.

Contingency. An event which may happen. See 39 Barb. (N. Y.)

272.

Contingency with double aspect. A second remainder limited to take effect in case the first one fails. Contingent damages. Damages

awarded on the trial of counts not demurred to before decision on the demurrer to other count or counts. See 1 Strange, 431. Contingent estate.

One wherein the person who is to enjoy it, or the event upon which it is to arise, is uncertain. See 185 Pa. St. 179, 64 Am. St. Rep. 621, 39 Atl. 879; 64 Am. St. Rep. 658, note. Contingent fee. An attorney's fee made dependent upon the outcome of the suit. Contingent legacy. A legacy dependent upon an uncertain event. Contingent remainder. One so conditioned upon an uncertain event. See 89 Mich. 428, 28 Am. St. Rep. 310, 50 N. W. 1077.

Contingent use. A use the vesting of which is conditioned upon an uncertain event. See 4 N. J. L. 94.

Continual claim. An attempted entry by one entitled to possession made once each year and day to keep alive his right. Continuance. Postponement; journment.

ad

Continuando. A form of pleading continued or repeated trespasses in one action. See 2 Mass. 50. Continuing consideration. A consideration partly executed.

CONTRA

Continuous easement. An easement enjoyed without any act of the dominant owner, as an easement of light and air. See 68 N. Y. 66, 23 Am. Rep. 149.

Contra. Against; to the contrary. Contra bonos mores. Against good morals.

Contra forman collationis. A writ by which a donor of lands to be held by religious service could recover it after wrongful alienation. Contra formam doni. Against the form of the grant.

Contra formam feoffamenti. A writ whereby a tenant could resist the demanded performance of more services than the charter of his ancestor required.

Contra formam statuti in hoc casu nuper edict' et provis'. Against the form of the statute in such case lately made and provided. Contra jus belli. Against the laws of war.

Against com

Contra jus commune. mon right. Contra legem facit qui id facit quod lex prohibet; in fraudem vero qui, salvis verbis legis, sententiam ejus circumvenit. He acts contrary to law who does what the law prohibits; but he acts in fraud of it who, the letter of the law being inviolate, cheats the spirit of it. Contra legem terrae. Against the law of the land.

Contra negantem principia non est disputandum. It is useless to dispute with one who denies principles.

Contra non valentem agere nulla currit praescriptio. No prescription runs against one who is unable to act.

Contra omnes gentes. Against all the people.

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An agreement between two or more to do or not to do a particular thing.

See 11

Pet.

(U. S.) 420, 9 L. Ed. 773. Contract of beneficence. One benefiting only one of the parties. Contract of record. A term sometimes applied to a judgment. See 95 N. Y. 428.

Contractio rei alienae animo furandi,

est furtum. Larceny is the taking and carrying away of a thing with intent to steal.

Contractor. A party to a contract. Contractus. A contract.

Contractus bonae fidei. A Roman law contract subject to an equitable defense.

Contractus est quasi actus contra actum. A contract is, as it were, an act for an act.

Contractus ex turpi causa, vel contra

bonos mores nullus est. A contract with a base consideration or against good morals is void. Contractus legem ex conventione accipiunt. Contracts take their law from the agreement.

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Contrainte par corps. Arrest; im prisonment for debt.

Contraligatio. A counter-obligation. Contramandatio placiti. Extending the time to plead.

Contraplacitum. A counter-plea.
Contrapositio. A plea.

Contrariorum contraria est ratio. The reason for contrary things is contrary.

Contrarotulator. (French) A controller.

Contrat. (French) A contract.

Contratenere. To withhold.

Contravention. Violation; tion.

Contrectare. To take.

infrac

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