COUNTY

County commissioners. The title of the governing body of many counties.

County corporate. A county having

a local government.

County court. A court whose jurisdiction is within the county. County palatine. A county wherein

the owner was practically a king. County rate. A tax levy for county purposes. County seat.

The seat of government of a county. County sessions. The general quarter sessions of the peace. Coupons. Certificates attached to a bond, each representing an installment of interest, principal, or both, to be cut off by the holder and cashed by the obligee. See 43 Me. 232. Coupon bond. An interest-bearing bond with coupons attached.

See

114 U. S. 663, 29 L. Ed. 281, 5 Sup. Ct. Rep. 1098.

Cour de cassation. Court of Cassation.

Course. A survey line run with a

compass or transit.

Course of trade. The trend of busi

ness; merchandise.

Court. Persons officially assembled

under authority of law, for the administration of justice. See 13 Colo. 525, 16 Am. St. Rep. 224, 10 L. R. A. 790, 22 Pac. 820. Court for crown cases reserved. Same as Court of Criminal Appeal.

Court for divorce and matrimonial causes. An English court established under 20 & 21 Vict., c. 85, having jurisdiction in divorces and annulments of marriage.

Court for the relief of insolvent debtors in England. A London bankruptcy court.

COURT

Court hand. The handwriting peculiar to English court records. Court of admiralty. A court of civil and criminal jurisdiction in maritime cases.

Court of ancient demesne. A court held by the king's bailiff for tenants of the king's demesne.

Court of appeals. A court in which appeals from a lower court are heard.

Court of arbitration of the chamber of commerce. A New York city court for disputes among merchants.

Court of arches. An appellate ecclesiastical court presided over by the Dean of the Arches as the representative of the Archbishop of Canterbury.

Court of attachments. An ancient English court for the trial of offenders against forest laws.

Court of augmentation.

An

old

English court for the control of the funds and property of monasteries.

Court of bankruptcy. A court having jurisdiction of bankruptcy pro ceedings.

Court of cassation. The highest

court of appeal in France.

Court of chancery. A court of equity.

Court of chivalry. A court estab

lished by Edward III.

Court of claims. A United States

court for the investigation of claims against the United States. Court of commerce. A United States court established in 1910 and having jurisdiction principally in interstate commerce matters. Court of common pleas. An English court having jurisdiction in civil actions.

COURT

Court of convocation. An ecclesiastical court for the trial of religi ous offenses.

Court of criminal appeal. A court composed of judges of the English superior courts which decided questions of law referred to it in pending criminal cases.

Court of equity. A court having jurisdiction of equity suits. Court of exchequer.

An English superior court with jurisdiction of matters of law and revenue. Court of exchequer chamber. An English court with jurisdiction of appeals from the three superior courts.

Court of faculties. An English ecclesiastical court granting licenses, pew rights and the like. Court of hustings. An English city court presided over by the mayor, the recorder and the sheriffs. Court of inquiry. A court held for a preliminary investigation of charges against a soldier or officer.

an

Court of justiciary. The supreme criminal court of Scotland. Court of king's bench. Formerly the supreme English common-law court, now a department of the High Court of Justice.

Court of magistrates and freehold

ers. An abolished North Carolina criminal court for the trial of colored persons.

Court of nisi prius. An English court held by two or more commissioners sent out from London on a circuit to hold jury trials. Court of orphans. A court for the care of orphans and their property.

Court of oyer and terminer. court for criminal cases.

A state

English court for insurance cases, established about 1550 and abolished in 1863.

Court of probate. A court for the probate of wills and the care of estates of decedents, minors and lunatics.

Court of quarter sessions of the peace. A minor English court held quarterly in each county by two justices of the peace.

Court of queen's bench. Same as Court of king's bench.

Court of record. One whose acts and proceedings are enrolled in parchment for a perpetual memorial and testimony. See 34 Cal. 391, 94 Am. Dec. 742.

Court of regard. A court for the expeditation of dogs. See 3 Bl. Comm. 71.

COURT

held of the king in right of the Duchy of Lancaster.

Court of the lord high steward. A court for the trial of peers for felonies and other certain high crimes.

Court of the lord high steward of the universities. A court for the trial of indictments of Oxford and and Cambridge scholars and offi

cers.

Court of the marshalsea. An English court having jurisdiction of cases involving royal servants. Court of the ordinary.

A court presided over by an English bishop. Court of the steward and marshal. A court for the trial of cases arising within twelve miles of the king's actual residence.

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Court of the steward of the king's household. An English court which tried certain crimes committed near the king's residence. Court of wards and liveries. An obsolete English court for matters involving tenures in chivalry. Court-baron. A court within manor in which the tenants litigated and were tried. Courtesy. The life estate which a widower has in the real property of which his wife was seised, if they have had lawful issue able to inherit. See 128 Am. St. Rep. 474, note.

Court-lands. Lands retained by the lord for his family use. Court-leet. An old English court presided over by the steward of the leet, having jurisdiction in petty crimes and preliminary examinations. Court-martial.

A military court for the enforcement of military laws and regulations.

as

Courts of oyer and terminer and general gaol delivery. Same Courts of assize and nisi prius.

Courts of requests, or courts of conscience. See Courts of conscience.

Courts of survey.

English and Welsh courts held under the Merchants' Shipping Act of 1894. Courts of the Cinque ports. Courts of local jurisdiction held at the Cinque ports.

Courts of the counties palatine. Courts held in counties palatine. Courts of the two universities. Courts of local jurisdiction held at Oxford and Cambridge. See 3 Bl. Comm, 83.

Cousin. (Old Eng.) Any peer of the degree of an earl.

Cousinage. The relationship of cousins.

Coustum. Toll; tribute.

Couthutlaugh. The harborer of an outlaw.

Covenant. An agreement under seal between two or more parties, by which some of them engage with the others, or some of them, that some act has or has not, or shall or shall not, be done. See 4 Whart. (Pa.) 68, 33 Am. Dec. 38. Covenant against encumbrances. A covenant securing the grantee against claims of third parties in the land. See 68 Ohio St. 450, 96 Am. St. Rep. 672, 67 N. E. 896. Covenant appurtenant. One which runs with the land.

COVENANT

Covenant collateral. One which does not relate to the grant. Covenant for further assurance. The grantor's covenant to make any further conveyance necessary to perfect the title. See 26 Mo. 517.

Covenant for quiet enjoyment. A covenant undertaking to protect the grantee's possession from third party claims. See 9 N. J. L. 139.

Covenant inherent. One directly relating to the grant.

Covenant not to sue. An agreement not to enforce an existing cause of action.

A

Covenant of right to convey. covenant asserting the grantor's right to convey. See 128 Ala. 267, 86 Am. St. Rep. 136, 29 South. 386. Covenant of seisin. An assurance that the grantor has the very estate in quantity and quality which he purports to convey. See 125 Am. St. Rep. 443, note. Covenant of warranty. One by which the grantor undertakes to warrant and defend the grantee's title. See 58 Conn. 109, 19 Atl. 519.

Covenant real. A covenant binding upon the heirs of the covenantor upon their inheriting assets. Covenant running with land. covenant binding upon transferees of land. See 79 Ala. 569, 58 Am. Rep. 623.

A

Covenant to convey. One by which

the maker agrees to convey certain property.

Covenant to stand seised to uses.

One by which a land owner covenants that he will hold the land for another's use. Covenantee. One to whom performance of a covenant is due.

CREDIT

Covenanter. Same as covenantor. Covenator. One who makes a covenant.

Covenants performed. A form of plea in actions of covenant, used in Pennsylvania. See 15 Serg. & R. (Pa.) 105.

Coventry act. An English statute against maiming by lying in wait. Covert. Protected, as feme covert, a married woman.

Covert-baron, A married woman. Coverture. The condition of a married woman.

Covin. Fraud; deceit; collusion. Cowitch. A plant whose spines cause violent itching in contact with the skin. See 2 Pears. (Pa.) 441.

Cranage. License to use a wharf

crane.

Crassa. Gross.

Crastinum, or crastino. To-morrow; the next day.

A

Crave. To demand; to dun. Craven, cravent, or cravant. word used as an admission of defeat by a champion in battle. See 3 Bl. Comm. 340. Creamus. We create. Creance. Collateral security; pledge. Creancer, or creansor. A creditor.

Credentials. Documents or evidences of authority.

Credibility. Capacity for being believed or credited.

Credible. Competent. See 9 Pick. (Mass.) 350, 20 Am. Dec. 481. Credible witness. One, who being competent to give evidence, is worthy of belief. See 27 Tex. App. 47, 11 Am. St. Rep. 180, 10 S. W. 749.

Credit. Reputation for veracity or integrity.

Creditor. One who has a definite demand against the estate, or a cause of action capable of adjustment and liquidation. See 118 Am. St. Rep. (Pa.) 909.

Creditors' bill. A bill whereby a creditor seeks to recover out of some equity not liable to execution sale at law. See 52 Ill. 98. Creditors in solido. Joint creditors. Creditorum appellatione non hi tantum accipiuntur qui pecuniam crediderunt, sed omnes quibus ex qualibet causa debetur. By the term "creditors" is understood not only those who have lent money but all to whom a debt is owing from any cause. Credo.

I believe.

Creek. A small seacoast town having no customs office. Crementum comitatus. The increase of the county.

Crepare oculum. To put out an eye. Crepusculum. Twilight.

Crescente malitia crescere debet et poena. Punishment ought to be increased as malice increases. Cressant. Growing.

Cresser. To grow.

Cretio. The period during which an heir might decide to take or reject his inheritance.

Crew. A ship's company. See 3 Sumn. (U. S.) 209, Fed. Cas. No. 16,740.

Cribler. To argue.

CRIMINAL

Crime. A public offense; a wrong against the public; includes every offense. See 24 How. (U. S.) 66,. 16 L. Ed. 717.

Crime against nature. A crime embracing both bestiality and sodomy. See 10 Ind. 355, 71 Am. Dec. 331.

Crimen. A crime.

Crimen falsi.

The crime of falsifying, including perjury, forgery and the like. See 194 Ill. 108, 88 Am. St. Rep. 134, 62 N. E. 546. Crimen falsi dicitur, cum quis illicitur, cui non fuerit ad haec data auctoritas, de sigillo regis rapto vel invento brevia, cartasve consignaverit. The crime of falsifying applies to one to whom the authority has not been given who has signed writs or charters with the king's seal, stolen or found. Crimen furti. Larceny. Crimen incendii. Crimen laesae majestatis. High treason.

Arson.

Crimen laesae majestatis omnia alla crimina excedit quoad poenam. The punishment for high treason exceeds that of all other crimes. Crimen omnia ex se nata vitiat. Crime vitiates everything born of it. See 64 Kan. 216, 91 Am. St. Rep. 216, 56 L. R. A. 275, 67 Pac. 537.

Crimen raptus. Rape.

Crimen roberiae. Robbery.

Crimen trahit personam. A crime draws the person with it. See 3 Denio (N. Y.), 190, 45 Am. Dec. 468.

Crimina morte extinguuntur. Crimes are extinguished by death. Criminal. Pertaining to crime; punishable as a crime.

Criminal act. Any act punishable as a crime.