4. Bought a hogshead of molasses, containing 119 gallons, at 52 cents per gallon; paid for cartage 1 dollar 25 cents; and by accident 9 gallons leaked out. At what rate per gallon must I sell the remainder, to gain 13 dollars on the whole? Ans. 69 cents 2 mills.+

5. If a pound of coffee is sold for 28 cents, which costs 25 cents, what is the profit on 3 bags, each weighing 1 cwt. 14 lbs.? Ans. 13 dollars 86 cents.

6. A merchant bought 4 hogsheads of tobacco, weighing 28 cwt. 1 qr. 14 lbs. for 8 dollars the hundred pounds; paid sundry expenses, amounting to 15 dollars 75 cents; and sold the same for 450 dollars. What is his profit on the whole, and what per pound?

Ans.

Profit on the whole $180 1 ct.
Profit per pound 5 cts. 61021 m.

7. Bought a hamper, containing a gross bottles of porter, for 5 dollars 76 cents, and sold them singly at 64 cents a bottle. How much is my gain per bottle?

Ans. 24 cents.

To know what is gained or lost per cent.

RULE. Find what the gain or loss is by subtraction then say, as the price it cost is to the gain or loss, so is 100 dollars to the gain or loss per cent.

EXAMPLES.

8. If I buy whiskey at the rate of 25 cents per gallon, and şell it again at 32 cents a gallon, what do I gain per cent.?

Sold for 32 cents.

Bought for 25

Gained 7 cents in laying out 25 cts.

If 25 cts. gained 7 cts. what will 100 dolls. gain?

Then say,

Ans. $2&.

9. If I buy flour at 3 dollars 44 cents per barrel, and sell it again for 4 dollars 30 cents a barrel, what do I gain per cent.? Ans. 25 per cent. 10. When 20 per cent. loss is made on coffee, which was sold at 25 cents per pound, what was the first cost? Ans. 31 per cent.

11. If I make 123 cents profit on a dollar, how much is that per cent.? Ans. 12 per cent. 12. Bought a piece of Irish linen, containing 52 yards, at 50 cents per yard, and sold it at 124 per cent. loss. At how much did I sell it per yard ?. Ans. 43 cents.

13. A merchant bought 40 dozen of wool hats, at 90 cts. apiece. At what rate must he sell them, to gain 25 per cent.? Ans. 1 dollar 12 cents.

14. Bought a pipe of wine, containing 120 gallons, at 1 dollar 15 cents per gallon. How many gallons of water must be put in it, to gain 10 dollars, by selling it at a dollar per gallon? Ans. 28 gallons.

15. A merchant bought 2cwt. of tea for 224 dollars, and on account of some of it being damaged, was obliged to sell it at 87 cents a pound. What is the loss on the whole, and how much per cent. and per pound?

Ans.

{

Loss on the whole is 28 dolls.
Loss per pound is 12 cts.
Loss per cent. is 123.

16. If by selling 400 yards of muslin for 200 dollars, there is 20 per cent. profit, what did the muslin cost per yard? Ans. 41 cents.

17. Bought 164 yards of broadcloth, at 3 dolls. per yard, ready money, and sold the same again for 618 dollars, on 6 months credit. What did I gain by the whole, allowing 6 per cent. discount per year ?* Ans. 108 dollars.

18. If I buy cloth at 4 dollars 16 cents per yard, on 8 months credit, and sell it again at 3 dollars 90 cents per yard, ready money, whether do I gain or lose per cent. and how much, allowing discount at 6 per cent. per annum? Ans. I lose 24 per cent. 19. Which is the best bargain-in purchasing fish, at 5 dollars 40 cents per barrel, and 4 months credit, or to pay 3 dollars 33 cents in cash down?

Ans. They are alike.

To know how a commodity must be sold, to gain or lose so much per cent.

RULE. AS 100 is to the purchase price, so is 100 with the profit added, or the loss subtracted, to the selling price.

20. If I buy flour at 5 dollars per barrel, how must I sell it to gain 25 per cent.? Ans. 6 dollars 25 cents. 21. If I buy cloth at 2 dolls. 25 cts. per yard, how must I sell it to gain 30 per cent.? Ans. 2 dolls. 92 cts.

22. If tea costs 54 cents a pound, how must it be sold to lose 12 per cent.? Ans. 47 cts. 24 m.

* When goods are bought or sold on credit, you must calculate, (by diséqunt,) the present worth of their price, in order to find the true gain or loss

23. Bought broadcloth at 3 dolls. 50 cts. a yard. which not proving so good as I expected, I am willing to lose 15 per cent. to get it off hands. How must I sell it per yard?

Ans. 2 dollars 97 cents.

24. Bought 90 gallons of wine, at 1 dollar 20 cents per gallon but by accident 10 gallons leaked out. At what rate must I sell the remainder per gallon, to gain upon the whole prime cost 12 per cent.?

Ans. 1 dollar 51 cents 8,7% mills.

25. A sells a quantity of wheat at a dollar per bushel, and gains 20 per cent. Some time after, he sold of the same, to the amount of 50 dollars, and gained 50 per cent. How many bushels were in the last parcel, and at what rate did he sell it per bushel?

Ans. 40 bushels, at 1 dol. 25 cts. per bushel.

26. A merchant is about purchasing 2500 gallons of whiskey, which he can have at 48 cents per gallon, in ready money, or 50 cents, with two months credit. Which is more advantageous to him, either to buy on credit, or to borrow the money, at 8 per cent. per annum, to pay the cash price? Ans. He will save $34 by paying the cash.

When there is gained or lost per cent. to know what the commodity cost.

RULE. AS 100 dollars, with the gain per cent. added, or loss per cent. subtracted, is to the price, so is 100 to the prime or first cost.

27. If a yard of broadcloth be sold for 3 dollars 50 cents, and there is gained 70 dollars 50 cents per cent. what was the prime cost of that yard ?

Ans. 2 dollars 5 cents 2 mills. +

28. If by selling broadcloth at 3 dollars 25 cents a yard, I lose at the rate of 20 per cent. what was the first cost of said cloth per yard? Ans. 4 dolls. 6 cts. 2 m.

29. If 50 pounds of chocolate be sold at 25 cts. a pound, and I gain 9 per cent. what did the whole cost me ?

Ans. 11 dollars 46 cents 6 mills.+

30. Bought 5 cwt. of sugar, and sold it at 12 cents per pound, by which I gained at the rate of 25 per cent. What did the sugar cost me per cwt.?

Ans. 10 dollars 70 cents 9 mills. +

there is so much

per

cent.

If by wares, sold at a given rate, gained or lost, to know what would be gained or lost per cent. if sold at another rate.

RULE. As the first price is to 100 dollars, with the profit per cent. added, or the loss per cent. subtracted, so is the other price to the gain or loss per cent at the other price. But if your answer be 100 dolls, the excess is your gain per cent.; but if it be less than 100 dollars, the deficiency is the loss per cent.

31. If I sell cloth at a dollar per yard, and thereby gain 15 per cent. what shail I gain per cent. if I sell it at 1 dol. 20 cts.? Ans. 38 per cent. 32. If I retail tea at 1 dol. 50 cts. per pound, and thereby gain 25 per cent. what will I gain or lose, if I sell it at 1 dol, 10 cts. per pound? Ans. I lose 8 per cent. S3. If by selling I cwt. of tobacco for 8 dollars, I lose 12 per cent. what will I gain or lose, if I sell 6 cwt. for 54 dollars ? Ans. I lose 1 per cent. 34. Sold my horse for 120 dollars, and by so doing, lost 15 per cent. whereas I ought, in trading, to have cleared 20 per cent. How much did I sell my horse under his just value? Ans. 49 dolls. 41 cts. 1 m.+

Is a Rule by which the accounts of several merchants, or other trading persons, in partnership, are so regulated, that each may have his share of the gain or loss, in proportion to his share of the joint stock. The estates of bankrupts are divided proportionably among their creditors by this rule.

SINGLE FELLOWSHIP

Is when the several shares of stock are continued in trade an equal term of time.

RULE. Add the several stocks together, and say, as that sum is to the whole gain or loss, so is each man's stock to his particular share of gain or loss.

PROOF. Add all the particular shares of the gain or loss together, and if it be equal to the whole gain or loss, the question is right.

EXAMPLES.

1. A and B buy flour to the amount of 480 dollars, of which A paid 320 dollars, B 160 dollars; and they gained thereby 128 dollars. How much is each man's share of the profit?

2. D and E were partners in a parcel of merchandise, in the purchase of which D laid out 12 dollars, and E 28 dollars. The commodity being sold, they find their gain to be 5 dollars. What part of it must each man have?

Ans. D must have $1 50 cts. and E $3 50 cts. 3. A, B and C, trading together, gained 480 dolls. which is to be shared among them, according to each man's stock. A put in 560 dollars, B 1200 dollars, and C 640 dollars. What is each man's share?

Ans. A's share $112, B's $240, C's & 128. 4. M and N have gained 1200 dollars, whereof M is to have 10 per cent. more than N. What is the share of each? Ans. M's share $ 6284, N's $5714.

5. Three merchants, B, C and D, shipped off 108 horses to Candia, of which B owned 48, C 36, and D 24; but in distress at sea, the sailors were obliged to throw 45 overboard. I demand how much of the loss each owner must sustain ? Ans. B 20, C 15, and D 10.

6. Three merchants, trading in tobacco, lost to the sum of 3200 dollars. Now, if D's stock was 4800 dollars, E's 19200 dollars, and F's 8000 dollars, what sum did each man lose? Ans. D lost $480, E $1920, and F $800. 7. Four merchants traded with a stock of 3200 dollars, and gained in two years twice as much, and 160 dolls. more. A's stock was 560 dollars, B's 1040 dollars, and F's 1200 dollars. I demand G's stock, and each man's gain?

Ans.

{

G's stock is 400 dollars.

A gained $1148, B $2132, F $2460, G $820,