Lectures on the Philosophy of MathematicsOpen court publishing Company, 1918 - 206 σελίδες |
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Σελίδα 14
... idea of number is one of the most instructive we meet in the study of mathematics . From the time of Babylon , and very likely long before , the common properties of integers were pretty well known . It must have been for a long time in ...
... idea of number is one of the most instructive we meet in the study of mathematics . From the time of Babylon , and very likely long before , the common properties of integers were pretty well known . It must have been for a long time in ...
Σελίδα 19
... idea of fraction as division or as ratio very clearly in evidence . The ratios of Euclid were actually orders of simultaneous arrangements of points along a line , and not the notion of fraction as we now have it . In fact , the actual ...
... idea of fraction as division or as ratio very clearly in evidence . The ratios of Euclid were actually orders of simultaneous arrangements of points along a line , and not the notion of fraction as we now have it . In fact , the actual ...
Σελίδα 20
... idea that it implies , marks the entrance of the mind upon a new stage of development in its mathematical ability . The importance of this step , indeed , is fully as great as that of the invention of the Arabic notation for numbers ...
... idea that it implies , marks the entrance of the mind upon a new stage of development in its mathematical ability . The importance of this step , indeed , is fully as great as that of the invention of the Arabic notation for numbers ...
Σελίδα 25
... idea of continuity also , a notion which we find in our idea of magnitude and which we find we must attempt in the arithmetization process to clutch in our sets of irrationals , Number and Arithmetization 25.
... idea of continuity also , a notion which we find in our idea of magnitude and which we find we must attempt in the arithmetization process to clutch in our sets of irrationals , Number and Arithmetization 25.
Σελίδα 33
... ideas of mathe- maticians . One view is stated by Russell : " All geometrical reasoning is , in the last resort , circular ; if we start by assuming points , they can only be defined by the lines or planes which relate them ; and if we ...
... ideas of mathe- maticians . One view is stated by Russell : " All geometrical reasoning is , in the last resort , circular ; if we start by assuming points , they can only be defined by the lines or planes which relate them ; and if we ...
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algebraic equations Amer analysis applied arithmetic arrangements assert branch of mathematics calculus calculus of classes called century character combinations complex numbers consider consists constructions continuous continuous functions created creation deductions define definite differential equations division domain elements Encyclopédie ensemble entities Euclidean geometry example existence finite four-dimensional fraction geometry given hypercomplex hypernumbers idea ideal imaginary infinite infinity instance integers intuition invariants invention investigation irrational numbers isomorphic laws logic logistic magic squares mathe mathematician mathématiques matics method mind nature negative numbers Non-Euclidean Geometry notion objects operations Pascal's theorem philosophy philosophy of mathematics physics plane Poincaré possible postulates problems processes projective geometry properties propositional function quaternions range rational numbers reality reduce relations roots solutions space structure symbols theorems theory of equations theory of functions theory of numbers things tion transformations true truth universe variables vector
Δημοφιλή αποσπάσματα
Σελίδα 41 - If a straight line meet two straight lines, so as to make the two interior angles on the same side of it taken together less than two right angles...
Σελίδα 2 - Conterminous with space and coeval with time is the kingdom of mathematics ; within this range her dominion is supreme ; otherwise than according to her order nothing can exist ; in contradiction to her laws nothing takes place. On her mysterious scroll is to be found, written for those who can read it, that which has been, that which is, and that which is to come.
Σελίδα 34 - Geometry is not an experimental science; experience forms merely the occasion for our reflecting upon the geometrical ideas which pre-exist in us. But the occasion is necessary, if it did not exist we should not reflect, and if our experiences were different, doubtless our reflections would also be different. Space is not a form of...
Σελίδα 123 - Mathematics is not the discoverer of laws, for it is not induction ; neither is it the framer of theories, for it is not hypothesis ; but it is the judge over both, and it is the arbiter to which each must refer its claims ; and neither law can rule nor theory explain without the sanction of mathematics.
Σελίδα 186 - ... undervalue such beauty, far from it, but it has nothing to do with science; I mean that profounder beauty which comes from the harmonious order of the parts and which a pure intelligence can grasp. This it is which gives body, a structure so to speak, to the iridescent appearances which flatter our senses, and without this support the beauty of these fugitive dreams would be only imperfect, because it would be vague and always fleeting. On the contrary, intellectual beauty is sufficient unto...
Σελίδα 61 - The fact that all Mathematics is Symbolic Logic is one of the greatest discoveries of our age ; and when this fact has been established, the remainder of the principles of mathematics consists in the analysis of Symbolic Logic itself.
Σελίδα 162 - Then a page or so later: the analogy with red and white roses seems, in the end, to express the matter as nearly as possible. What is truth and what falsehood, we must merely apprehend, for both seem incapable of analysis. And as for the preference which most people so long as they are not annoyed by instances - feel in favour of true propositions, this must be based, apparently, upon an ultimate ethical proposition: 'It is good to believe true propositions and bad to believe false ones.
Σελίδα 169 - Most, if not all, of the great ideas of modern mathematics have had their origin in observation. Take, for instance, the arithmetical theory of forms, of which the foundation was laid in the diophantine theorems of...
Σελίδα 54 - The existence of analogies between central features of various theories implies the existence of a general theory which underlies the particular theories and unifies them with respect to those central features.
Σελίδα 186 - The scientist does not study nature because it is useful; he studies it because he delights in it, and he delights in it because it is beautiful. If nature were not beautiful, it would not be worth knowing, and if nature were not worth knowing, life would not be worth living.