Harvard College. 1659. The general court of Massachusetts, in addition Grant to to the income of Charlestown ferry, formerly granted to Harvard College, ordered, that there should be annually levied a hundred pounds, by addition to the country rate, for the maintenance of the presi dent and fellows of the college.' Quakers executed. Lands pur Narragan William Robinson, Marmaduke Stephenson, and Mary Dyer, quakers, were brought to trial before the general court of Massachusetts, and sentenced to die. The two first were executed.* John Winthrop, Humphrey Atherton, and assochased at ciates, purchased of the Narraganset sachems two tracts of land, joining to Narraganset bay, and settled them with inhabitants. 3 set. ted to Con Moheagan Uncas and Wawequay, sachems of Moheagan, lands gran- granted all their lands to major John Mason, agent necticut. for Connecticut, who, the next year, surrendered the lands to that colony.* «sembly, without dependence upon any other power in the province now "in being, is the highest court of judicature: and if any objection can be "made, we desire to hear it." A conference ensued; and the upper house, refusing to betray at once its trust and its own just authority, was dissolv ed by the burgesses. Ibid. 236. 1 Mass. Laws. It was to continue " during the pleasure of the country." 2 Hutchinson, i. 200. Hazard Coll. ii. 565. They received this sentence" for their rebellion, sedition, and presumptuous obtruding themselves after banishment upon pain of death." Mary Dyer was reprieved, on condition of her departure from the jurisdiction in forty eight hours, and, if she returned, to suffer the sentence. She was carried however to the gal lows, and stood with a rope about her neck until the others were executed. This infatuated woman returned, and was executed in 1660. A Declaration of the general court, in justification of these proceedings, was soon after printed. It is entire in Hubbard MS. N. Eng. chap. ixiv; and Hazard Coll. ii. 567-572. An extract is in Mather Magnal. book vii. 23. See A. D. 1661. 3 Coll. Hist. Soc. v. 217, 218, 240." One lying to the southward of Mr. Smith's trading house [See p. 320.], and the other to the northward of it." Ibid. The next year (1660) the Narraganset sachems, “ for valuable consideration, mortgaged to major Atherton and partners the remaining part of the whole Narraganset country, containing the Cowhesset and Niantick countries." Ibid. Atherton had about 20 associates. The consideration, here mentioned, was a sum of money for the Indian sachems, to redeem their lands, that they had mortgaged. A longer time was allowed for payment; but the sachems, failing also in this new engagement, surrendered their lands, in 1662, to those associates, " and gave them quiet and peaceable possession and seizin, by turf and twig." Ibid. Backus N. Eng. i. 343. 4 Gov. Trumbull MS. State and Origin of Connecticut. Coll. Hist. Soc. settled. Thomas Macy removed his family from Salisbu- 1659. ry, in Massachusetts, to the west end of Nantucket, Nantucket and began a settlement at Madakit harbour. There were, at that time, nearly three thousand Indians on the island.' op of N. Francis de Laval, who had been abbot of Mon- First bishtigny, now appointed bishop of Canada, came over, France. bringing, for the first time, monks of other orders beside Jesuits." Sir Christopher Mims took the Spanish town of CampeaCampeachy.3 chy taken. president Henry Dunster, president of Harvard College, Death of died. Peter Bulkley, minister of Concord, died, Dunster in the seventy seventh year of his age.s ix. 85. Trumbull, i. 424. The planters of Connecticut made repeated purchases of their lands. "The colony not only bought the Moheagan country of Uncas, but afterwards all the particular towns were purchased again, either of him or his successors, when the settlements in them commenced." Ibid. 114. I Coll. Hist. Soc. iii. 156-160. The natives were willing to sell their lands; and the English gradually purchased them, until they obtained the whole, excepting some small rights, which are still retained by the aboriginal proprietors. Peter Folger was the most distinguished man among the first English settlers of the island. His daughter was the mother of Dr. Benjamin Franklin, who, it is thought, " inherited a part of his noble publick spirit from his grandfather, Peter Folger." Ibid. 2 Charlevoix Nouv. France, i. 339. Univ. Hist. xxxix. 466. 3 Univ. Hist. xxxix. 141. Harris Voy. ii. 903. 4 Morton, 170. Mr. Dunster is considered as the first president of Harvard College; and the commencement of his presidency was in 1640. [See p. 315, and Harv. Catalogue.] But the first master of the college was Nathaniel Eaton, "who was chosen professor or master" of that seminary in 1637; " for not only the tuition of the scholars, but the care and management of all donations for erecting edifices &c. were committed to him." Pres. Stiles MSS. He was a distinguished scholar; but was removed from his office for his severities, and went to Virginia. See Winthrop Journ. 184-187. Gov. Winthrop (ibid.) says, Eaton "had been some time initiated among the Jesuits." Mr. Dunster was well esteemed for his learning, piety, and spirit of government; but, imbibing at length the principles of antipodobaptism, he excited uneasiness among the overseers of the college, and was hence induced to resign the presidency 24 October, 1654. Mather Magnal. book iv. 128. He was a great master of the oriental languages; and when a new version of the psalms had been made by some of the New England divines, and printed in 1640, that version, requiring “a little more art," was committed to him; and, with some assistance, he revised and refined it, and brought it into that state, in which the churches of New England used it for many subsequent years. Coll. Hist. Soc. vii. 19, 20. 5 Neal N. Eng. i. 321. [See A. D. 1637, p. 298.] He was descended and P. Bulkley. 376 Restoration of Charles II. Navigation act con firmed. English colonies in America. Number of Virginia. 1660. King Charles the Second was restored to the British throne on the twenty ninth of May; and made his entrance into London on the eighth of June.' The parliament passed an act for the general encouragement and increase of shipping and navigation, by which the provisions, made in the celebrated Navigation Act of 1651, were continued, with additional improvements. It enacted, that no sugar, tobacco, ginger, indigo, cotton, fustic, dying woods, of the growth of the English territories in America, Asia, or Africa, shall be transported thence to any other country, than those belonging to the crown of England, under the penalty of forfeiture. The most submissive colonists considered the act as grievous, and contrived various methods to evade it.3 The only English colonies on the American continent, after the emigrations of half a century, were Virginia, New England, and Maryland; which are supposed to have contained, at this time, no more than eighty thousand inhabitants.* At the commencement of the civil wars in Engpeople in land, the population of Virginia had increased to about twenty thousand souls. The cavaliers resorting to that colony, during the distresses of those times, Virginia contained, at this epoch of the Res from an honourable family in Bedfordshire, and educated at one of the English universities; and was distinguished for his knowledge in theology, for general literature, and for piety. He was a moderator (Mr. Hooker was the other) of the synod in 1637. P. Stiles MSS. and Election Sermon, 109. Mather Magnal. book iii. 96-98. I Blair's Chronology. Henault, ii. 140. 2 Anderson, ii. 453. [See A. D. 1651.] The second article of the act is, • None but natural born subjects, or naturalized, shall henceforth exercise the occupation of a merchant or factor in those places" [Asia, Africa, or America], "under forfeiture of goods and chattels." This is judged to have been a good improvement on the former act; " it having been before common to have Dutch merchants to be factors and agents in our colonies." Ibid. 3 Chalmers, i. 241, 242. While the parliament restrained the colonial trade to England, it conferred the privilege of the sole production of tobac co on the plantations. Ibid. 243. 4 Chalmers, i. 239. toration, about thirty thousand persons. The 1660. July. Goffe ar The generals Whalley and Goffe, two of the judges of king Charles I, arrived at Boston. Hav- Whalley & ing left London before the king was proclaimed, rive at Bosthey did not conceal their persons or characters. ton. They immediately visited governor Endicot, who gave them a courteous reception; but, choosing a situation less public than Boston, they went, on the day of their arrival, to Cambridge.3 A tract of land, six miles square, having been Marlbogranted to some of the inhabitants of Sudbury; it rough inwas now incorporated by the name of Marlborough." corporated. Several of the inhabitants of Ipswich, on petition Brookfield to the general court of Massachusetts, obtained a settled. grant of land, near Quabaug pond, six miles square; which was soon after settled, and named Brookfield.s 1 Chalmers, i. 125. 2 Chalmers, i. 226. 3 Hutchinson, i. 215, 216. Chalmors, i. 249. President Stiles Hist. of Three of the Judges of king Charles I. 23-26. The act of indemnity was brought over the last of November. It appeared however, that Whalley and Goffe were not excepted, with those, to whom pardon was offered; and some of the principal persons in the government were alarmed. The governor summoned a court of assistants 22 February 1661, to consult about securing them; but the court did not agree to it. Finding it unsafe to remain longer where they were, they left Cambridge 26 February, and arrived at New Haven 7 March. A few days after their removal, a hue and cry was brought by the way of Barbadoes; and the governor and assistants issued a warrant 8 March to secure them. To avoid all suspicion of their sincerity, they sent Thomas Kellond and Thomas Kirk, zealous royalists, to go through the colonies, as far as Manhattan, in search of them; but deputy governor Leet favouring their concealment, and Mr. Davenport, minister of New Haven, and a few other confidential persons, actually aiding it, they effectually eluded discovery. Ibid. 4 Coll. Hist. Soc. iv. 46. Its Indian name was Okommakamesit; and it appears to have begun to be settled by the English about the year 1654. Ib. s Coll. Hist. Soc. i. 258. The court required these conditions: "Provided they have 20 families there resident within three years, and that they have an able minister settled there within the said term, such as the court Fff Woolwich. Norwich settled. Towns of praying Indians. Instructions to the Woolwich, in the Province of Maine, was settled.* The township of Norwich, in Connecticut, having been purchased of the natives; the reverend James Fitch, with the principal part of his church and congregation, removed from Saybrook, and planted that town.' The town of Huntingdon, on Long Island, was received as a member of the Connecticut jurisdiction.3 There were, at this time, in New England ten Indian towns, of such as were called Praying Indians.* The first Indian church in New England was now embodied at Natick,5 About this time a few adventurers emigrated from Massachusetts, and settled around Cape Fear." 1661. Charles II, in his instructions to Sir William governor of Berkeley, governor of Virginia, required him to call Virginia. an assembly, as soon as might be, and to assure it of the royal intention to grant a general pardon and oblivion of all persons, those only excepted, who were attainted by act of parliament; provided that body should repeal all acts, made during the rebellion, derogatory from the obedience, which the colonies owed to the king and government of England; shall approve; and that they make due provision in some way or other for the future, either by setting apart of lands, or what else shall be thought mete for the continuance of the ministry among them." The Indian proprietor, Shattoockquis, gave a deed of the land to the English 10 November 1665. Ibid. See a copy of it, ibid. 1 Sullivan, 169. Mills were now erected there. Ibid. 2 Trumbull, i. 245, 246. The township is about nine miles square. In June 1659 Uncas and his two sons, by a formal deed, made it over to Thomas Leffingwell and 34 other proprietors; who, at this time, gave Uncas and his sons about £70, as a farther compensation, in addition to a former benefit, on account of which Uncas had given Leffingwell a deed of a great part, if not of the whole town. Ibid. 3 Trumbull, i. 246. 5 Coll. Hist. Soc. i. 181. 6 Chalmers, i. 515. These emigrants, from the unpropitious soil and climate, and the want of a good fishery, for some years experienced the miseries of want. On their solicitation of aid from their countrymen, the general court ordered a universal contribution for their relief. Ibid. 516. |