ARITHMETIC

FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS.

BY

EDWARD LIDDELL,

ASSISTANT TEACHER, HOMERTON COLLEGE.

LONDON:

LONGMAN, GREEN, LONGMAN, AND ROBERTS.

1860.

PREFACE.

THIS Manual has been prepared at the request of several teachers. The main object has been to furnish a sufficiently large number of examples for school practice. In each set of exercises the questions have been carefully graduated according to their difficulty; and throughout the book these have been constructed, as far as possible, with direct reference to actual business.

E. L.

ARITHMETIC.

DEFINITIONS.

1. A collection of objects of the same kind is called a number.

A single object in such a collection is called a unit.
Numbers are of two kinds-abstract and concrete.

A concrete number points out the kind of unit from which it is formed. Six days is a concrete number, its unit being one day.

An abstract number does not point out the kind of its unit. Six is an abstract number, its unit being simply one. Arithmetic is the science which treats of the operations by which numbers are affected.

NOTATION AND NUMERATION.

2. Notation is a method of writing any number in figures. In Numeration, numbers given in figures are required to be expressed in words.

The figures used in arithmetic, with their names and values in units, are as follows::