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and the third, with one-fourth of the first and second, amounts to 29. Calculate the numbers. Ans. 30,

14, and 18.

V. A boy bought 90 apples and pears for 2s. 4d., having got 3 apples for a penny, and 7 pears for twopence. How many had he of each kind?

53. Two cousins, John and George, go to school at the beginning of the year with 5 guineas a-piece of pocket money. At the end of the year John finds that he has spent twice as much as George, and 5 shillings more, and that he has remaining 5 shillings less than half of what George still possesses. How much does each return home with ? Ans. £1 10s. and £3 10s.

W. Mr. Johnson, Mr. Thomson, and Mr. Wilson, being one day in company, were requested to contribute to a charitable purpose. Mr. Thomson said, that if Mr. Johnson subscribed more than £50, he would give, for his subscription, three times as much as all that Mr. Johnson's exceeded that sum; while Mr. Wilson offered to table four times as much as Mr. Thomson's exceeded £50. On hearing this, Mr. Johnson, resolving to strain the liberality of his friends, went to the utmost extent of his ability; and Mrs. Ellison, who requested their contributions, had the pleasure of departing with £730. What was Mr. Johnson's subscription?

54. A gentleman left £8400 to be divided among his four nephews in certain portions named, and directed his house to be sold by auction. As the four nephews were returning together from the sale, Edward observed, that if his uncle had left him twice as much as he did, he could have bought the house with the sum. "He left me enough," said Richard, "to buy it twice over if I were disposed." "It would have taken Harry's and mine put together to purchase it," replied Alfred. "I could have paid for it with my own share," exclaimed Harry, "if Dick had

been generous enough to add to it the third part of What was the house sold for? Ans. £2400.

his.

X. A young sportsman returning unsuccessful from a day's shooting, and meeting his friend with six brace of black game, offered him his gun, shot-belt, and powder flask for 5 brace; or the gun and belt for 4 brace; or the belt and powder flask for 3 brace; or the belt, flask, and 6 guineas for the whole. What values did he put upon the different articles and the game?

55. A son, asking his father how old he was, received the following reply:-"Seven years ago I was four times as old as you; but seven years hence, if you and I live, my age will then be only double yours." It is required, from this information, to satisfy the son's curiosity. Ans. The father's age

was 35.

Y. On making up the roll of an army after a battle, it was found that the number of effective men was only 714 more than half the number before the battle. Of the remainder, the wounded were twice as many as the slain, and the prisoners equal to one-third of all that were left for immediate service, while the number of wounded exceeded the number of prisoners by 677. What was the original strength of the army?

56. An itinerant orange-vendor bought a quantity of oranges for sale, at the rate of five for twopence. He then arranged the good and the bad in two separate baskets, containing equal numbers, and sold the one basketful at 3 a penny and the other at 2 a penny. In selling them he met another orangevender, who laughed at his simplicity, and said he would have no profit upon them; but, when he had sold the whole, he found he had gained sixpence. Please to calculate, from these data, how many oranges he bought and sold. Ans. 30 dozen.

Stewart's Specific Subjects.

ALGEBRA

FOR

SPECIFIC SUBJECT.

(NEW CODE.)

LONDON:

W. STEWART AND CO., HOLBORN VIADUCT STEPS, E.C. EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW: J. MENZIES AND CO.

ALGEBRA.

In Algebra quantities are represented by letters; the earlier letters of the alphabet, a, b, c, d, e, &c., generally standing for known quantities; and the later, x, y, z, &c., for unknown quantities. The same signs are employed as in Arithmetic, namely, + plus, for addition; -minus, for subtraction; x multiplied by, for multiplication; divided by, for division. When a number precedes a letter or symbol, it means this number multiplies the quantity after it; thus 5a = 5×a, 5ab = 5 × ab=5× axb. In taking the sum of quantities, partly minus and partly plus, that is, with unlike signs, it is best to sum up all the positive or quantities separately, then do the same with the negative quantities, and add the results thus separately obtained; thus, 4+3-2+3-7+8+7-8

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