Alopaus, M., Russian ambassador to Sweden,
arrest of, ix 320.
Alps, operations in the, 1793, ii. 328-1795, iii.
200-gradations of vegetation on them, iv.
106-those of Switzerland, 104, 108-magni-
tude of the operations in, during 1799, 238-
passage of the, by Suwarroff, 280 et seq.-the
various passes through them, v. 27-Napo-
leon's passage of the St Bernard, 28-com-
parison of his, Suwarroff's, Hannibal's, &c.
iv. 300, v. 30-Macdonald's passage of them,
73-roads over them, begun by Napoleon,
250-those of Styria and the Tyrol, vi. 68,
vii. 73, 107-contrast between their ancient
and modern inhabitants, 112 heights of
some of them, ix. 381-sums expended on the
roads, x. 138.
Alquier, M., French envoy at Rome, viii. 216
-in 1812, ambassador in Sweden, ix. 337.
Alsace, outrages in, i. 290-Gerinan vassals of
France in, and their treatment by the As
sembly, ii. 148-dispossession of the princes
of, as a ground for war, 166-military opera-
tions in 1792, 187-cruelties of the French,
1793, 324-negotiations between Pichegru
and Condé regarding, iii. 212-way in which
acquired by Austria, vi. 65-overrun by the
Allies, xi. 188.
Alta, defeat of Laudon at, 1801, v. 79.
Altai mountains, the, ix. 344.
Altdorf, defeat of the Swiss insurgents at, 1799,
iv. 235-defeat of the Austrians before, 273.
Altemion, the count, vii. 285 note.
Alten, general count Charles, at Albuera, ix.
141, 145 at El Bodon, 158-at Trabancos,
240-at Castrillo, ib.-at Salamanca, 243-is
wounded there, 248-at the Bidassoa, xi. 126,
127 at the Nivelle, 133-at the Nive, 139-at
Tarbes, 297-at Toulouse, 303, 304 note-at
Quatre Bras, xii. 235, 236-at Waterloo, 244.
Alien, general Victor, ix. 218-at the Nive, xi.
139.
Altenburg, negotiations for the peace of Vi-
enna conducted at, viii. 199-defeat of Le-
febvre Desnouettes at, xi. 48-advance of
Wittgenstein toward, 59.
Altenkirchen, combat of, 1796, iii. 325-battle
of, 337.
Altenstein, M., vii. 229.
Alter See, the, viii. 73, 74.
Altobiscar, carried by the French, x. 255.
Altona, death of Brunswick at, vi. 256.
Alva, the duke of, viii. 183.
Alva, junction of Wellington and Hill at, viii.
328.
Alvarez, count, vii. 263.
Alvarez, governor of Gerona, defence of that
city by, viii. 257 et seq.-cruel treatment and
death of, 261-monument to, 262.
Alvensleben, colonel, at battle of Paris, xi. 348.
Aivinzi, general, ii. 318-despatched to join
the duke of York, 157-in 1796, commands
the army of Italy, 297-advance and first suc-
cesses of, 298-advances to Rivoli, ib.-vic-
tory of, at Caldiero, 299-defeated at Arcola,
300-his timid conduct there, 302- which
arose from his being fettered by the Aulic
council, ib. -new plans of, for relieving
Mantua, 305-advances to Rivoli, ib.is
defeated there, 305 et seq.-generous conduct
of the Aulic council toward him, 308-suc-
cessive disasters sustained by him, ib-tactics
by which Napoleon defeated him, 312.
Amaillou, capture of, ii. 261.
Amak, island of, iv. 114.
Amar, a leading Jacobin, supports the esta-
blishment of the Revolutionary Tribunal, ii.
211-presides at the trial of the Dantonists,
iii. 52 arrest of, decreed, 94 note-his
cruelty, 97 on the 9th Thermidor, 104, 219
-denounced by Lecointre, 221, 225-impri-
sonment of, 227-trial of, iv. 83.
Amarante, the condé d', ix. 236.
Amarante, capture of, by Silviera, viii. 270-
capture of the bridge of, by Loison, 273-re-
captured by the British, 275.
Amarillas, the marquis, defeats the French, ii.
328--is superseded, iii. 151.
Amazons river, ix. 168, 169-communication
between it and the Orinoco, 173-its floods, ib.
Amberg, battle of, iii. 335.
Ambleteuse, preparations at, for invasion of
England, v. 291.
Ambly, the chevalier d', i. 291 note.
Amboyna, captured by the British, ix. 63.
Ambras, castle of, viii. 109 note-captured by
the Tyrolese, 131.
Ambray, M. d', xii. 169-becomes chancellor
under Louis XVIII., 175.
Amelia, the princess, death of, ix. 10.
Amelia, Queen of Prussia, see Louisa.
Amende, general, viii. 141.
America, influence of the French Revolution
on, i. 1-comparison between the colonisation
of it by the French and English, 61-value of
the discovery of, to Britain, ii. 116-arrival
of the great provision convoy from, in France,
iii. 132-debt contracted by Great Britain
during the first war, vi. 157-destined pro-
gress of the British race in, 195-destined
predominance of Great Britain in, ib.-out-
let for mankind in, xii. 42-the West India
Isles, their aspect, riches, &c., ib.-character
of North America, 43-physical conformation
of it, 375-final cause of this, ib.-See North
and South America, United States, Canada,
&c.
Amey, general, xii. 366.
Amherstburg, naval action at, xii. 119-evacu-
ated by the British, ib.
Ami du Peuple, the, ii. 15 note, 83.
Ami des Hommes, Mirabeau's, i. 92 note, 223.
Ami des Lois, the, iv. 116 note.
Amis des Noirs, society of the, fi. 26, v. 232.
Amiens, peace of, v. 162 et seq-objections
urged against it in Great Britain, 164-and
defence of it, ib.-debates on it in the British
parliament, 166 et seq.-is signed, 171-reflec-
tions on it, 172-joy throughout Europe on
its conclusion, 227-rupture of it, 277-con-
duct of Great Britain with regard to this,
283.
Amiral, attempt by, to assassinate Collot d'Her-
bois, iii. 70-his execution, ib.
Amnesty, by Necker, i. 287-proclamation of a
general, by the National Convention, iii. 223,
243-general, proclaimed by Napoleon, v.
199-proclaimed by Alexander to the Poles,
x. 98.
Amour river, the, ix. 344.
Ampezzo, defeat of the Tyrolese at, viii. 210.
Ampting, retreat of Kray to the camp of, v.
13-defeat of the French at, 1800, 60.
Ampurdan, combats in, ix. 90.
Amsteg, defeat of the Austrians near, iv. 237.
Amsterdam, insurrection in, and entrance of
the French, ii. 166-their strict discipline,
167-danger of the bank of, in 1794, ib.—
pauperism in, from the continental system,
ix. 334 note-enthusiasm in favour of Napo-
leon after 1812, x, 125-revolt of, against the
French, xi. 108.
Amstetten, combat at, vi. 111.
Anaconda, capture of the, xii. 114.
Ananpore, capture of, vii. 94.
Anarchists, party of the, their character, iii.
228-estrangement of them from the party of
Robespierre, 38-their principles, ib.-mutual
recriminations between them and the Dan.
tonists, ib.--are denounced by Robespierre at
the club, 40-their destruction is resolved on,
41-attack on them by the Dantonists, 43-
expulsion of them from the Jacobins, 44-
proscription, arrest, and execution of them,
47 et seq.-impression made by their fall on
Europe, 73-characteristics of their death,
119.
Ancenis, rout of the Vendeans at, ii. 275.
Ancients, council of the, constitution, mode of
election, powers, &c. of the, iii. 237-elec-
tions for the, 242, iv. 71-and their choice of
the Directory, iv. 71–Barbé Marbois chosen
president, 86-motion for restraining the
liberty of the press rejected by them, 87-
royalist majority in, and conspiracy to trans-
fer their meetings to Rouen, 88-measures of,
against the Directory, 90-arrest of the
royalist leaders, 91-measures of the minority
after the 18th Fructidor, ib. et seq.-measures
of, against the Directory, 306-banquet on
the 15th Brumaire, 317-preparations for the
revolution of the 18th, ib.-their meeting on
that day, 318-are transferred to St Cloud,
320-speech of Napoleon at their bar, ib.-
increasing strength of the opposition to him,
321-hisspeech before them. 322-measures of,
after his dissolution of the Five hundred, 325.
Anclam, surrender of a Prussian brigade at, vi.
277-defeat of the French at, vii. 4.
Ancona, capture of, by the French, 1796, iii.
310-revolts from Rome, iv. 129, 130-re-
pulse of the Neapolitans at, 140-captured
by the Austrians, 1799, 294-surrendered to
the French, v. 81, 83-seizure and annexa-
tion of, by France, vii. 253, viii. 215, 218—
captured by the Allies, xi. 275.
Ancrum, the countess of, iii. 255 note.
Andalusia, fertility of province of, vii. 314-
character of its inhabitants, ib.-march of
Dupont into, 356-Napoleon's preparations
in 1810 for the invasion of it, viii. 316-and
of the Spaniards for its defence, 317-invasion
of it by Soult, ib.-is entirely overrun except
Cadiz, 318 et seq. operations in, during
1811, 336-error of Napoleon in invading it
simultaneously with Portugal, 344-forces of
Soult in, 1810, ix. 84-resistance still main-
tained by the Spaniards, 88-Soult's cruelties
in, 131-operations of Blake in, 1811, 151-
evacuated by Soult, 253-his remonstrance
against abandoning it, 254-effects of its loss
on the French cause in Spain, 270-the condé
d'Abisbal appointed captain-general, x. 223-
contributions levied on it by the French, 225.
Andenarde, general, x. 361.
Andermatt, general, iv. 118-bombardment of
Zurich by, v, 261.
Anderson, colonel, vii. 31.
Andes, the, ix. 175-their heights, 381-dis-
trict of the, and sketch of the chain, 167-
rivers which flow from them, 168-passage
of, by Bolivar, 203.
Andréossi, general, chief of the staff in 1797,
iv. 167-accompanies Napoleon from Egypt,
215-ambassador to England in 1803, v. 277
-vi. 302-conference of, with the Emperor
Francis, 306-ambassador to Vienna, vii. 212
Andriani, defence of Saguntum by, ix. 109.
Andujar, capture of, and massacre at, vii
357.
Angers, democratic fervour at, 1789, i. 203-
tumults at, 1790, 339-captured by the Ven-
deans, ii. 261-repulse of the Vendeans at,
274-military school of, Napoleon and Well-
ington educated at, iii. 248, vii. 111-execu
tion of Stofflet at, ifi. 321.
Angeville, M. d', on the effects of the conscrip-
tion, x. 142 note.
Anghiara, combats at, iii. 307.
Anglermont, M. d', execution of, ii. 67.
Angles, M., appointed in 1814 to the ministry
of police, xii. 6.
Anglesea, Lord, defeat of the French cavalry
by, at Sahagun, viii. 24—again at Castro Gon-
zalo, 25-at Corunna, 29, 30-at Genappe,
xii. 238-at Waterloo, 247, 248-is wounded
there, 259.
Anglomania, great extent of, in France before
the Revolution, i. 178.
Anglo-Saxons, subjugation of Britain by the, i.
29-effect of their struggle with the abor gines
on the character of both, ib.-their conquest
of the country by successive invasions, 30-
revival of their courage through means of the
Danish invasions, ib.-causes which began to
corrupt them, 31-prevalence of serfdom un-
der them, ib.-aristocratic tendency of their
constitution, ib.-their subjugation by the
Normans, and degradation, 32-and con-
tinued degradation during succeeding reigns,
ib.give rise to the yeomaury, 33-effects of
the oppression of the Normans on them, b.
-their institutions the germ of English -
berty, fb.-constitute the archers of England,
34-importance which they thus acquire, 35
-effect of their institutions on the develop-
ment of freedom, 37, 40-their character as
influencing that of the British, ii. 112-their
rapid increase in North America, xii. 51-
their destined progress there, vi. 195.
Anglona, prince of, x. 222.
Angoulême, Marie Teresa Charlotte, duchess d',
birth of, i. 170-during the flight to Var-
ennes, 350 et seq.-on the 20th June, ii. 40
-during the 10th August, 218, 64-during
the imprisonment in the Temple, 91 et seq.-
last interview with her father, 102-ii. 13-
liberated after the 9th Thermidor, 237, iv.
73-xi, 213, 215-return of, to Paris, xii. 27—
efforts of, during the Hundred days, 204-
escapes to England, 205.
Angoulême, the duke d', i. 171 note-landing
of, in France, 1814, xi. 213, 215, 216-Ins ar-
rival at Wellington's headquarters, 284 et seq.
-arrival and reception at Bordeaux, 295-
proclamation there, 294-during the Hundred
days, xii. 195-efforts of, to rouse a royalist
insurrection, 204-his first successes, 205-
his danger and capitulation, 206.
Anguie, madame, ii 61.
Anhalt joins the confederation of the Rhine,
vii. 232 note.
Anhalt, prince, attempt of, on Breslau, vi. 318.
Anhalt-Bemburg, prince, death of, at Stockach,
iv. 226.
Animal food, decree regarding supply of, in
France, iii. 36-consumption of, in France,
compared with that in Great Britain, xii. 308.
Animal magnetism, ready credence given to, in
France, i. 179.
Anjou, district of, ii. 244-commencement of
the Vendean revolt in, 248.
Ankendorf, combat at, vii. 24.
Anker, M., xii. 161.
Anna Paulowna, proposals of Napoleon for the
hand of, viii. 301 et seq.
Anne, income and debt of Great Britain under,
vi. 157 note.
Anneci, residence of Rousseau at, i. 82.
Annual Register, connection of Burke with the,
ii. 128.
Anselme, general, Nice overrun by, ii. 194.
Anson, commodore, iv. 20.
Anson, general, at Salamanca, ix. 244-bril-
liant charge of, in the subsequent pursuit,
249-250-combats at the Hormaza, 262-
and the Venta de Pozo, 263-at Vitoria, x.
210-at Toulouse, xi. 307.
Anson frigate, action of the, vi. 215.
Anspach, administration of, by Hardenberg, v.
314 note-passage of Bernadotte through, in
1806, vi. 88-cession of, to Bavaria, 135.
Anstett, M. d', x. 333, xi. 21.
Anstruther, general, vii. 377-at Vimeira, 379.
Antibes, arsenal of, iii. 266-garrison of, xii. 191.
Antin, the chaussée d', in 1795, iii. 224.
Antioch, council of, the first example of a re-
presentative assembly, i. 10.
Antiquity, limited character of the civilisation
and freedom of, i. 65-prevalent admiration
of, in France, 70.
Antomarchi, Napoleon's physician at St Helena,
Antonelle, a member of the party of Babœuff,
iv. 81.
Antonelli, cardinal, arrest of, viii. 218.
Antoninus, the emperor, extension of the right
of citizenship by, i. 6.
Antonio, Don, uncle of Ferdinand VII., vii.
291, 294, 295-sets out from Madrid to
Bayonne, 298-is there compelled to renounce
his right to the crown, 302, 305-return of,
to Spain, xi. 299.
Antony, the archduke, vi. 106, viii. 202.
Antony, the invasion of Scythia by, x. 104.
Antraigues, the count d', vii. 170 note, xi. 213.
Antrain, battle of, ii. 273.
Antwerp, capture of, by the French in 1792, ii.
190 congress held by the Allies at, in 1793,
and plans there adopted, 303-fatal effects of
these, 349-evacuated by the British, iii. 147-
early formation of Napoleon's schemes regard-
ing, iv. 170-the works at harbour of, begun,
v. 226, 293-Napoleon's estimate of its impor-
tance, 293, viii. 120, notes-fête at, in 1804,
v. 318-his improvements at, and views re-
garding it, vii. 170, 204-Bernadotte ap-
pointed to command at it, but superseded by
Napoleon, viii. 174-its former grandeur and
present importance, 182-Napoleon's designs
for its amplification, 183-efforts made by
England to keep it from France, and its vir-
tual abandonment to her in 1830, iii. 164,
viii. 184-reasons which determined the Brit-
ish government on the expedition against it,
185-its defenceless condition, ib.-delay in
the sailing of the expedition, 186-vast
amount of it, 187-ease with which the city
might at first have been carried, 188-it is
saved by the time lost in besieging Flushing,
189-defensive preparations, and retreat of
the British, 190-visit of Napoleon to it in
1810, and defensive preparations, 305-ex-
penditure by Napoleon on its harbour, x. 133
-naval preparations at, 140-investment of,
by the Allies in 1814, xi. 189-which is turned
into a blockade, 221-importance assigned by
Napoleon to it, 267-garrisoned by Maison,
ib.-investment completed by the Allies, 263
-combats before it, and bombardment of it,
ib.-arrival of Carnot, and his defensive pre-
parations, 269-the siege is raised, ib.-Napo-
leon insists on its being retained, 318, 320—
is surrendered by the treaty of Paris, xii. 28
-disposal of the fleet at, 29.
Aosta, occupied by the Allies, iv. 247-repulse
of the French at, 1799, 291-occupied by
them, v. 30-revolt in, against them, 82.
Apennine mountains, the, iii. 258-subdivision
of land in, 263-retreat of Moreau to, iv. 246
-he again retires to them, after Novi, 270-
sufferings of the French troops in, 295, v. 15
-department of, vi. 19.
Apollo Belvidere, seizure of the, by Napoleon,
iii. 310.
Appeal to the people, discussion in the Conven-
tion on, as regarded the execution of the king,
ii. 98-it is rejected, 100.
Appenzel, state of population of, iv. 110-joins
the Forest Cantons, v. 261-declares against
Napoleon, 1813, xi. 175.
Apprenticeships, abolition of, proposed by Tur-
got, i. 140, 143 note.
Apraxin, count, vi. 296 note.
Apriga, the Col, v. 70-passage of the, by Mac-
donald, 75.
Apulia, royalist insurrection in, iv. 249.
Aquilon man-of-war, captured at the Nile, iv.
191-at Basque roads, viii. 236.
Arabs, causes of the independence of the, i. 5—
those of Egypt, iv. 179-their character and
influence on Asiatic society, ix. 276-their
horses, and character as horsemen, 282.
Aragon, early government of, i. 14—agriculture
of, vii. 312-organisation of the insurrection
against the French, 334-subjugation of, by
them, viii. 249-hostilities resumed, 253-sup-
pression of the insurrection, 256-termination
of the campaign of 1809, 262-constituted a
military government, 317, 1x. 81-contribu-
tions levied on it, 92, 130, xi. 121-evacu-
ated, ib.
Aranjuez, treaty of, between Great Britain and
Spain, ii, 296-tumult at, on the proposal of
the royal family to flee to Seville, vii. 281-
overthrow of the Prince of the Peace, 282—
and abdication of Charles, 283-flight of the
central Junta from, viii. 18-occupied by
Venegas, 284-flight of Joseph Buonaparte
to, 1812, ix. 252.
Arapeiles, the battle of, see Salamanca-Well-
ington again offers battle at, ix. 264.
Arau, meeting of the Swiss diet at, iv. 115, 117.
Araxes, extension of Russia to the, ix. 361.
Arbesau, combat at, xi. 47.
Arbuthnot, Mr, British ambassador at Constan-
Arbuthnot, Mr, continued.
tinople, 1807, vi. 371-negotiations conducted
by, ib. 372-he withdraws from Constanti-
nople, 374-his illness, 376.
Are, French driven from, ii. 329.
Archangel, forests in province of, ix. 341 note
-the town once the only seaport of Russia,
360.
Archers of England, origin and importance of,
i. 34-want of a corresponding force in France
and Scotland, ib.-high pay received by them,
48 note-attempts to form such a force in
France, 46.
Arcis-sur-Aube, battle of, xi. 324-second day's
battle, 326 et seq.
Arcola, battle of, iii. 300 et seq.-third day's
battle, 302.
Arcot, the Nabob of, vii. 85.
Arcot, capture and subsequent defence of, by
Clive, vii. 75, 87-destruction of, 94.
Ardent, the, at Camperdown, iv. 29.
Ardente, the Col, defeat of the Sardinians at,
iii. 150.
Areizaga, general, viii. 255, 256-defeat of, at
Ocana, 288-force rallied by, 317-state of
these troops, and repeated disasters, ib.-again
routed at Jaen, 318.
Aremberg, prince, vi. 227—taken prisoner, ix.
162.
Arena, a Jacobin leader in 1799, iv. 309-at-
tempt by, on Napoleon, v. 181.
Arentschildt, general, at Talavera, viii. 281-at
Toulouse, xi. 305-at Waterloo, xii. 244.
Arezzo, capture of, by the Allies in 1799, iv.
247-defeat of the Tuscan insurgents at, v.
58-revolt in, against the French, 82-sub-
mits, 3.
Argaum, battle of, vii. 145.
Argenteau, general, at Loano, iii. 202-at
Montenotte, 271.
Argenteau, count Mcrey d', viii. 44 note, x.
342. xi. 96.
Argentière, Col. d', success of the French at,
1793, ii. 328.
Argonaute, the, in Calder's action, vi. 39.
Argonne heights and forest, description of, ii.
175, 176-Dumourier occupies them, 177-
operations at, ib. et seq.-retreat of the Allies
from before, 185 et seq.-reflections on the
defence, 198.
Argovie, canton of, iv. 113-revolt in, 118-
liberation of, 1813, xi. 175.
Arguella, M., i. 101.
Arguelles, M. d', ix. 74.
Argus sloop, capture of the, xii. 113.
Ariola, the Neapolitan minister, iv. 139.
Aristocracy, tendency to diminution of numbers
of, i. 31-influence of their residence on great
cities, 111-advantages and evils of the gov-
ernment of, xii. 335-causes of the peculiar
tendencies of, 358-kind of, advantageous,
367-its contest with democracy, 368-sources
of the virtuous opinions among, 362--its in-
fluence on population, 378.
Those of England, their political influence,
i. 27-restrictions existing on them, 37-sub-
version of their power by the wars of the
Roses, 38-their servility under the Tudor
princes, ib.-they head the struggle for free.
dom, 47-energy infused into them by the
pressure from beneath, 65-their attachment
to the country, field sports, &c., ii. 120-their
opposition to the French Revolution, 123-
their firmness contrasted with the conduct of
the French, 293-evils ensuing from their
grasping at office, 351-contrasted with the
Venetian, iv. 69-their views upon the war in
1798, 98-their influence as regards British
India, vii. 166.
Those of France, political powerlessness of,
i. 27-effect of their withdrawal to Paris, 49
-their privileges, and effects of these on free-
dom, 50-measures adopted by Richelieu to
bumble them, ib.-are drawn to the capital,
and their power thus weakened, 52-further
depression of them under Louis XIV., 53–
destruction of their power as a cause of the Re-
volution, 67-prevalence of infidelity among
them, 87-their exclusive system, 92-rigour
with which it is maintained, 93-composition
of the body, ib.—their divided state, 92, 94,
109-their comparative exemption from taxa-
tion, 95-non-residence on their estates, F7—
feudal services exacted by them, ib.-their
resistance to taxation, 107-contempt into
which fallen, 108-their inefficiency as a poli-
tical body, 109-influence of the character of
Louis XVI. on them, 122-enmity of, to
Necker, 156-their preponderance in the
Notables, 163-their indignation at Calonne's
proposals for the equalisation of taxation, 165
-increased rigour in their favour with regard
to commissions in the army, 173-their alien-
ation from the queen, 174-spread of liberal
opinions among them, 175-their views with
regard to the States-general, 192, 197-their
selfishness in resisting taxation, 209-effects
of their destruction on freedom in France, ii.
58, iv. 331, v. 180, xii. 301-re-establishment
of, by Napoleon, vii. 196-endowments pro-
vided by him, 198-of Venice, weakness and
debasement of the, iii. 284, iv. 68.—See also
Nobility.
Aristocrats, first use of the name of, in Paris, i.
298.
Aristocratic character of the Italian republics,
effects of the, i. 17-principles, influence of,
shown by Austria, viii. 40.
Aristotle on the character of democracy, iii. 1,
iv. 333.
Arkansas, growth of population in, xii. 52
note-repudiation of debt by, 74.
Arkansas river, xii. 48.
Arkwright, Sir Richard, xi. 158 note.
Arles, archbishop of, i. 296-murder of, ii. 73.
Arles, canal of, v. 226.
Armagnac, general d', seizure of Pampeinna by,
vii. 277-at the Nivelle, xi. 134-at the Nive,
140-at St Pierre, 144 et seq.-at Orthes, 288,
291-defeated at Bigorre, 296-at Toulouse.
303, 307.
Armed mediation, announcement of intention
of, by Austria in 1813, x. 150.
Armed neutrality, principles of, abandoned by
the Allies in 1793, ii. 316-history of it, v. 94
---abandoned, 95-again revived in 1800, 98--
and abandoned 1801, 127.-See also Northern
Confederacy.
Armen Instituts and Vaters of Austria, the, vi.
Armistice of Alessandria, v. 44, 49.
Armistice of Austerlitz, vi. 134.
Armistice of Foligno, v. 84.
Armistice of Leoben, iv. 43.
Armistice of Lusigny, xi. 228.
Arinistice of Parsdorf, v. 14.
Armistice of Pleswitz or Poischwitz, x. 201 et
seq., 335, xi. 3.
Armistice of Steyer, v. 69.
Armistice of Tilsit, vii. 41.
Armistice of Treviso, v. 81.
Armistice of Znaym, viii. 176.
Armour, James, xii. 246 note, 401.
Arms, change introduced into, by the discovery
of gunpowder, i. 21-forced requisitions and
factory of, at Paris, iii. 30, 134-splendour of,
exhibited at the Polish diets, 182-supplies
sent to Spain by Great Britain, vii. 342-and
to Germany in 1813, x. 161 note.
Armies, standing, influence of, on freedom, i.
Army, the Austrian, strength, &c. of, 1792, ii.
133, 134 character, &c. of it, vi. 68, 71-
various methods of recruiting it, 72-its
strength in 1807, vii. 232 note-restoration
of the, by the Archduke Charles, viii. 41.
Army, first institution of a standing, in France,
i. 49-force and state of, before the Revolu-
tion, 62-exclusion of the Tiers Etat from its
higher grades, 93-abuses in it, on St Ger-
main's accession to office, 142-changes intro-
duced by him, ib.—increased rigour of aristo-
cratic precedence, 173-its disposition in 1789,
247 note-increasing disaffection in it, 255-
first actual treason, 255-its state before the
Revolution, and causes of the disaffection in
it, 330-extent to which this prevailed, 331-
new organisation of it, 330 et seq.-revolt at
Nancy, 336 et seq.-effects of its treachery,
367-sides with the Assembly after the 10th
August, ii. 65-state of it in 1792, 168, 169-
improvement during that year, 198-effects of
its revolt, ib.-its state in 1793, 297-report
by St Just on its state, iii. 10-its devotion to
the Committee, 63-concentration of talent
in it under Carnot, 134-its strength during
1794, 133-peculiarity of its composition in
1796, 311-its disorganised state at the begin-
ning of that year, 314-acceptance by it of
the Constitution of 1795, 240-its state in
1796, iv. 75-its aid called in by the Directory
on the 18th Fructidor, 88, 89-and is the true
agent of that revolution, 96-its state in 1798,
and introduction of the law of the conscription,
162-discontents of it while in Egypt, 186-
after the battle of the Nile, 195, 212-state of
it in 1799, 220-its disposition and distribu-
tion, ib.-comparison between it and that of
Great Britain in 1793 and 1801, v. 173—mea-
sures for recruiting it in 1802, 203-for the
invasion of England, 295-its strength, or-
ganisation, &c., vi. 27-new and peculiar
organisation given to it, 28-is moved to the
Rhine, and employed in the campaign of Ulm,
46-its strength, &c. during the campaign of
Austerlitz, 142-in 1808, vii. 320-comparison
between it and the British, 323, 325 note,
viii. 38-and in 1813, x. 139-diminution of
the age and height requisite for it, 141-its
defection from Napoleon in 1814, xii. 6-re-
modelling of it by Louis XVIII., 174, 175-
enthusiasm of, for Napoleon during the Hun-
dred days, 189.-See also France, Buona-
parte, &c.
That of Great Britain, state, strength,
&c. in 1792, ii. 121-abuses in it at that time,
122-supplies voted for it, 1794, iii. 127-its
strength, &c. 1795, 198-in 1797, iv. 7-re-
forms introduced into it after the mutiny of
the fleet, 13-in 1798, 99-its state, &c.
1799, 219-total numbers raised for it, 1793
to 1800, 347-in 1801, v. 109-in 1804, 301-
total expenditure for it during the war, v.
176, vi. 190 note-niggardly employment of it
by Pitt, 186-Windham's new system for re-
cruiting it, 344 et seq.-bill for introducing Ca-
tholics into it, 379-strength, &c. of that em-
ployed in India, vii. 60-its composition,
strength, &c. at the opening of the Peninsu-
lar war, 321-spirit with which regarded in
the country, 322-qualities of the soldiers,
ib.-parallel between it and the French, 323,
325 note, viii. 38-effect of the officers being
taken from the aristocratic classes, vii. 323—
general contentment of the privates, 324—
severity of the discipline, ib.-physical com-
forts enjoyed by the men, 325-strength of it,
1809, viii. 233-1811, ix. 60–1812, ib.-its
progress during the war, x. 206-its amount
at the close of the war, 207-means adopted
for recruiting it, 1813. 212—its strength dur-
ing that year, 213, 355, xi, 156.
Army of Holland, iii. 163.
Army of Naples, iv. 138.
Army of Poland, iii. 184.
Army of Portugal, vii. 327.
That of Prussia at the commencement of
the Revolution, ii. 137-character and com-
position of, at the opening of the campaign of
Jena, vi. 246, 247-system introduced by
Scharnhorst into it, vii. 229-changes in its
organisation, 1813, x. 119.
Army of Russia, ii. 138, iv. 239-in the cam-
paign of Austerlitz, vi. 83-in that of Eylau,
296, 297-general sketch of it, ix. 347-its
small cost, 348-mode of levying it, 350.
Army of Spain, ii. 143-character and composi-
tion of it at the opening of the war, vii. 327
-worthlessness of its officers, ib.-its miser-
able condition, 389.
Army of Switzerland, iv. 111.
Army of the United States, xii. 65.
Arndt, professor, his Spirit of the Age, vi. 237
-a member of the Tugendbund, vii. 231-
patriotic efforts of, 1813, x. 119.
Arnee, defeat of Hyder Ali at, vii. 90.
Arnfeldt, general, wounded, vii. 5.
Arnheim, capture of, by the Allies, xi. 109—
passage of the Lech by them at, 189.
Arno, valley of the, iii. 263.
Arnold, Dr, on the overthrow of Napoleon in
Russia, x. 105.
Arnoldt, M., successor to Malesherbes, i. 147.
Arnould, mademoiselle, iii. 24.
Arola, occupied by the French, x. 255, 256.
Arona ceded to France, 1800, v. 44.
Aroyo des Molinos, defeat of Gerard at, ix. 161.
Arqua, town of, iii. 257.
Arquata, stormed by the French, iii. 286.
Arras, bishop of, ii. 17.
Arras, prefect of, vi. 319.
Arras, atrocities of Lebon at, iii. 88 et seq.
Arrennes, combat at, ii. 343.
Arrighi, general, at Wagram, viii. 166-defeat
of, at Leipsic, x. 200-at Gross Beeren, xi.
33-at Dennewitz, 40-nt Möckern, 64, 74,
82-forces under him, 1813, x. 361, xi. 358-
and at Leipsic, 360.
Arrivereta, French driven from, xi. 287.
Arsobizpo, skirmish at, viii. 285.
Art, general taste for, in modern Italy, iii. 265
-commencement of the system of seizing the
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