In the cubic estimation of timber, custom has established the rule of, the mean girt being the side of the square considered as the cross sectional dimensions; hence, multiply the number of cubic feet by lineal foot as in the Table of Cubic Measure opposite the girt, and the product is the solidity of the given dimensions in cubic feet. Suppose the mean girt of a tree 21 inches, and its length 16 feet, what are its contents in cubic feet? 3.136 × 16 = 50.176 cubic feet. Battens, Deals, and Planks are each similar in their various lengths, but differing in their widths and thicknesses, and hence their principal distinction: thus, a batten is 7 inches by 21, a deal 9 by 3, and a plank 11 by 3, these being what are termed the standard dimensions, by which they are bought and sold, the length of each being taken at 12 feet; therefore, in estimating for the proper value of any quantity, nothing more is required than their lineal dimensions, by which to ascertain the number of times 12 feet, there are in the given whole. Suppose I wish to purchase the following: 7 of 6 feet 6 x 7 5 14 = 42 feet 14 x 5 = 70 TABLE showing the number of Lineal Feet of Scantling of various dimensions, which are equal to a Cubic Foot. Hewn and sawed timber are measured by the cubic foot. The unit of board measure is a superficial foot one inch thick. To measure round timber.-Multiply the length in feet by the square of of the mean girth in inches, and the product divided by 144 gives the content in cubic feet. The girths of a piece of timber, taken at five points, equally distant from each other, are 24, 28, 33, 35, and 40 inches; the length 30 feet, what is the content? TABLE containing the Superficies and Solid Content of Spheres, from 1 to 12, and advancing by a tenth. 7 237-7877 344-7921 .8 243.2855 356-8187 9 248-8461 369-1217 9.0 254-4696 381-7044 1260-1558 394.5697 2 265-9130 407-7210 3 271-7169 421-1613 4 277-5917 | 434-8937 5 283.5294 448-9215 .6 289-5298 463-2477 7 295-5931 | 477-7755 8 301-7192 492.8081 9 307.9082 508-0485 10.0 314-1600 523-6000 1 320-4746 539-4656 2326-8520 555-6485 .3 333.2923572-1518 4 339-7954 588-9784 5 346-3614 606.1324 6 352.9901 623-6159 7 359-6817 641-435 .8 366-4362 | 659-5852 9 373-2534 678-0771 3 167-4158 203.6893 11.0 380-1336 696-9116 0340 212.1752 3.7.50-220. 1.4588 229.847 7.86.2654 239.0511 8 191-1349 248-4754 9 196.0672 258.1552 8.0 201-0624 268-0832 •1 206.1203 278.2625 •2 211.2411| 288-6962 1 387-0765 716.0915 Y394-0823 735.6200 401-1509 755-5008 4408-2823 775-7364 5 415-4766 796-3301 6 422-7336 817-2851 7 430-0536 838.6045 8 437-4363 860-2915 .9 444-8819 882-3492 6 66.4782 50.9651 3 216-4248 299-3876 12.0 452-3904 904-7808 To reduce Solid Inches into Solid Feet. 1728 Solid Inches to one Solid Foot. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. Inches. Feet. 18=31104|| 35=60480 52 Feet. Inches. Feet. 1-1728 2 88956 69119232 Inches. 85=146880 86 148608 122688 87 150336 124416 88 152064 CUTTINGS AND EMBANKMENTS. THE angle of repose upon railways, or that incline on which a carriage would rest in whatever situation it was placed, is said to be at 1 in 280, or nearly 19 feet per mile; at any greater rise than this, the force of gravity overcomes the horizontal traction, and carriages will not rest, or remain quiescent upon the line, but will of themselves run down the line with accelerated velocity. The angle of practical effect is variously stated, ranging from 1 in 75 to 1 in 330. The width of land required for a railway must vary with the depth of the cuttings and length of embankments, together with the slopes necessary to be given to suit the various materials of which the cuttings are composed: thus, rock will generally stand when the sides are vertical; chalk varies from to 1, to 1 to 1; gravel 1 to 1; coal 1 to 1; clay 1 to 1, &c.; but where land can be obtained at a reasonable rate, it is always well to be on the safe side. The following Table is calculated for the purpose of ascertaining the extent of any cutting in cubic yards, for 1 ehain, 22 yards, or 66 feet in length, the slopes or angles of the sides being those which are most in general practice, and formation level equal 30 feet. Content Content Content Depth Half Content of 1 per- of 3 per- of 6 per- of width in cubic pendicu-pendicu-pendicu cut at Content ting in top in yards per lar ft. in lar ft. in lar ft. in ting in top in yards per chain. breadth. breadth. breadth. feet. feet. feet. Content Content Content of 1 per- of 3 per- of 6 perpendicu- pendicu-pendicular ft. in lar ft. in lar ft. in breadth. breadth. breadth. feet. of width Content in cubic ting in top in yards per feet. feet. Content Content Content Depth Half chain. 1 16 2 18 3 19 4 21 5 22 6 24 7 25 8 27 821-33 19.56 77.00 2.44 7.33 14.67 26 54 161-33 4.89 14.67 29-38 27 55 253-00 7.33 22.00 44.00 28 57 352-00 9.78 29-33 58.67 29 58 453-33 12-22 36.67 73-33 30 60 572.00 14.67 44.00 88.00 31 61 693.00 17.11 51.33 102.67 32 63 58.67 117.33 33 64 928 957-00 22.00 66.00 132.00 34 66 10 30 1100-00 24-44 73-33 146-67 35 67 11 31 1250-33 26.89 80.67 161-33 36 69 12 33 1408.00 29.33 88.00 176.00 37 70 13 34 1573-00 31.78 95.33 190-67 38 72 14 36 1745-33 34-22 102.67 205-33 39 15 37 1925.00 36.66 110-00 220-00 40 16 39 2112-00 39-11 117-33 234-67 41 17 40 2306-33 41-55 124.67 249-33 42 18 42 2508.00 43.99 132.00 264.00 19 43 2717.00 46.44 139-33 278-67 20 45 2933-33 48-89 146-67 293-33 21 46 3157-00 51.33 154.00 308-00 78 cut- at Content Content Content of 1 per- of 3 per- of 6 perpendicu-pendicu- pendicu lar ft. in lar ft. in lar ft. in ting in top in yards per lar ft. in lar ft. in lar ft. in breadth. breadth. breadth. breadth. breadth. breadth.. feet. feet. chain. 4385-83 63.55 190-67 381.33 4653-00 65-99 198-00 396-00 4928.00 68-43 205-33 410-67 5210-33 70-88 212-67 425-33 5500.00 73-32 220-00 440.00 5797-00 75-77 227.33 454.67 6101.33 78-22 234.67 469-33 6413-00 80-67 242.00 484.00 6732.00 83.11 249-33 498.67 7058-33 85.55 256.67 513-33 7392.00 88-00 264.00 528.00 7733-00 90-44 271-33 542.67 8081-33 92.39 278.67 557-33 8437.00 95.33 286-00 572-00 Content 75 8800.00 97-77 293-33 586.67 48 3388.00 53-77 161-33 322-67 23 49 3626-33 56-21 168-67 337-33 24 51 3872-00 58.66 176.00 352-00 881 12397-00 119-77 359-33 718-67 25 52 4125.00 61-10 183.33 366-67 50 90 12833.33 122-21 366.67 733.33 47 85 11546.33 114-88 344.67 689-33 |